用英语说中国的商朝
只有掌握好方法自己的学习方法，自然能提高自己的英语水平。小编在此献上用英语来了解中国的文化，希望大家喜欢。
用英语说中国商朝：Agriculture 农业
Despite being agriculturalist, the Shang had rather primitive implements.
尽管已经进入农业社会，商朝人民仍使用较为原始的工具。
The productivity of the Shang Dynasty reached a relatively high level.
商朝的生产力达到了一个相当高的水准。
As far as agriculture was concerned, farm implements had been improved.
就农业而言，农耕工具已经得到改进。
Stone ploughs; spades and sickles were widely used.
石犁、铁锹和镰刀被广泛运用。
The primary crops included millet and wheat.
基本的作物包括粟和小麦。
More important, the Shang Dynasty thrived in the manufacture of bronze vessels.
更重要的是，商朝在青铜器皿的制造上蓬勃发展。
用英语说中国商朝：Oracle Bones 甲骨文
Oracle Bones is an ancient script carved on tortoise shells or animal bones.
甲骨文一种被雕刻在龟壳或动物骨头上的一种古代文字。
Having emerged during the Shang Dynasty (B.C.1600—B.C.1000), Oracle Script is considered the oldest script in China.
甲骨文起源于商朝(公元前1600年至公元前1000年)，是中国最古老的文字。
During the Shang Dynasty, the ancients reckoned the natural elements as the exertion of some mystical power.
商朝时期，古人猜测一些自然元素是某种神秘力量的施展。
When there were floods, drought, lightning and thunder, or some big events, like royal hunts, journeys and military campaigns, through divination, ancients would predict the future by “reading” the messages of nature.
当遇到洪水、干旱、闪电和雷鸣亦或是一些重大事件例如皇家狩猎、旅行、军队作战时，通过占卜，古人们可以从“解读”自然信息从而预知未来。
The divination performer first drilled holes on tortoise shell or a piece of bull scapula, then put it over fire.
占卜者首先在龟壳或者一片肩胛骨上钻洞，然后将其置于火上炙烤。
Since the shell or bone would crack irregularly under heat, the diviner could supposedly interpret these cracks as good or bad omen.
因为受热，龟壳或骨头会不规则的裂开，占卜者以此来解读这些裂纹为好的征兆或者不详之兆。
All the dates and results of the divination were written down on the shells or animal bones, which became the earliest historical document with writing symbols.
有关占卜的日期和结果都会被记录在龟壳或者动物骨头上，这也就成为了最古老文字符号的记录。
In 1899, a mandarin of the Qing Dynasty (1644—1911 A.D.) found in his doctor's prescription a kind of medicine called dragon bone.
1899年，一位清朝(1644-1911)官吏在其医生开具的处方中发现了一味被称作龙骨的药。
When he studied it, he noticed that it actually was a tortoise shell with some odd pictures carved on it.
他着手研究并发现这其实是一种刻有古老图形的龟壳。
The mandarin then sent his men to collect dragon bones in all herbal medicine shops and had them examined by historians.
这位官员命令他的部下在所有中药铺中搜集这味中药并将其送到史学家那里检查。
Finally, over our thousand different Chinese characters were found on these bones and shells, which had been used to record divination facts.
最终，超过一千个不同的中国文字从这些曾经被用来记录占卜的龟壳和骨头上被发现。
These special dragon bones are now referred to as oracle bones.
这种特殊的龙骨就是现在人们口中的甲骨。
Now, over 100 000 pieces of oracle shells or bones have been unearthed from the ruins of the Shang Dynasty at Anyang in Henan Province, which was the latter capital of Shang Dynasty 3 000 years ago.
如今，在河南安阳，这个3000年前商朝旧都，已经有超过10000片刻有甲骨文的龟壳或者骨头从商朝的废墟中出土。
Though smaller in number, additional discoveries of oracle script in Shangcheng in the neighborhood of Zhengzhou offer valuable insights into the study of the Shang Dynasty.
此外，人们在郑州周边城市商城有了一些额外的甲骨文发现，虽然数量较小，但仍为商朝的研究提供了一些有价值的观点。
用英语说中国商朝：Battles of Muye 牧野之战
The Battle of Muye (or Mu)(牧野之战)was fought in China in 1046 BC.
牧野之战与公元前1046年在中国发生。
The battle led to the end of the Shang dynasty, and the beginning of the Zhou dynasty.
这场战争导致了商朝的灭亡和周王朝的开始。
The Zhou dynasty marks the beginning of the feudal phase of Chinese history.
周朝标志着中国封建社会历史的开端。
By the 13th century BC, Shang influence had reached what is now Gansu Province, a region that was occupied by a people known as the Zhou.
公元前十三世纪，商朝的势力范围扩大到了今天的甘肃省境内，而甘肃正是周文王姬昌的领地，
King Wen (Ji Chang), the ruler of the Zhou, who was a Shang vassal, was given the title "Count of the West" by the king Di Xin of Shang.
姬昌是商朝的诸侯，被商王帝辛敕封为西伯侯。
Di Xin used King Wen to guard his rear while he was involved in a south-eastern campaign.
彼时帝辛忙于东南战事，故用文王守卫自己的后方。
Shou Xin, fearing King Wen's growing power, imprisoned him.
受辛畏惧文王日益成长的力量，将其囚禁了起来。
King Wen's son King Wu (Ji Fa) led the Zhou in a revolt.
文王之子武王姬发领导周朝民众，发起了对商朝的反抗。
King Wu led an army of 3 800 Shang defectors. Di Xin's army was much larger than Wu's.
武王领导着一支由3800商朝叛逃者组成的军队，而帝辛的军队则远远多于武王。
Seeing his army outnumbered, Wu instructed his troops to march in strict formation and advance slowly.
意识到敌众我寡，武王指挥其军队以严格的队形缓慢行军。
The Shang began their attack in the morning, but the front rank was thrown into confusion, disordering those behind them.
商朝于清晨发动进攻，但先行部队陷入混乱，使得后方部队也混乱涣散，
The Zhou were victorious and showed little mercy to the defeated Shang, shedding enough blood “to float a log”.
最终武王赢得了牧野之战，对于战败的商朝军队没有丝毫怜悯之情，血流遍野足够让木头漂浮。
After the battle, Di Xin committed suicide in his palace, leaving Wu master of most of the Huang He valley.
战败后，商王帝辛自焚与鹿台，使得武王一统黄河流域。
Wu proclaimed the Zhou dynasty.
此役过后，武王昭告天下，建立周朝。
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