雅思写作：首段要有背景信息
为了帮助大家备考，本文整理了雅思写作：首段要有背景信息供大家参考使用，预祝各位考生在雅思写作考试中取得优异的成绩!
雅思写作：首段要有背景信息
一、开头结构三步走
Background information
Issue under discussion
Personal idea (这也是我们常说的thesis statement)
Prediction (对文章总体内容的预测，不强求考生在考试时候写)
在这个必写的前三点中，很多学生会发现背景信息无从下手，不知道怎么写。于是，有了模板，就将题目里面的话硬生生地套进去了。当然，我们发现了一个有趣的现象，那就是，有的学生用固定句型套进去后得了高分，有的则相反，为什么会出现这种情况，我们将在其他的博文中提到。今天，我们将重点落在如何写background information上。要写好Background information 首先要在审题的时候搞清楚什么是facts，什么是 view，分清这两点是我们写好开头的，包括全文正文议论部分的重点。
二、示例
Example 1：
Some say that building more roads will help reduce the traffic congestion in big cities. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this. Do you support or oppose this statement?
Example 2：
In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this.
例1：
这句话“Some say that building more roads will help reduce the traffic congestion in big cities.”是一个观点。其中say告诉我们，这个是个人持有的想法，而且是可以提出反对意见并对其进行批驳的，因此也被称为debatable statement。
表示提出观点的同义词有：think, believe, hold, maintain, state, claim, present, support, be in favor of, be for, be opposite to, object to, be against…
在开头段中要求给出的background information应该是一个事实信息，因此，在例1中，我们不可以通过照抄题目，当作background information。所谓的背景信息，你只要问自己一个问题，即：“在一个怎么样的社会环境下产生了一个有争议的话题”。回答了这个问题，background information就出来了。
例1 中给出“有些人认为建更多的道路能减缓大城市交通拥堵状况。”提出这个观点的前提是存在交通拥堵情况，并且很严重，需要解决。交通拥堵情况的产生的根源是大量使用汽车、或者是道路规划存在问题等，因此这些就是这个话题的前提，也就是在这个背景下，产生了这个话题，因此background information就应运而生了。比如我们可以写成：
Sample 1:
With the popularity of automobile in big cities, an increasing number of problems have arisen, one of which is the traffic congestion.
在内容有了之后，我们就要开始追求词汇和句型了，paraphrase是重要技巧之一。全篇文章中要做paraphrase 的地方很多，比如如何阐述要讨论的话题，body部分的concluding sentence，结尾段的restatement of the thesis statement; summarize the topic sentences. 包括在小作文中也很重要。 我们也会在之后的博文中重点讨论如何paraphrase。
以上这个句子，我们也可以扩展成以下语义更复杂的句子：
Sample 2:
When technology accelerates, an inevitable consequence brought with it is the unprecedented problems arising from it. Similarly, the enjoyment of automobile in modern cities also leaves people an ever intricate problem---the traffic congestion.
例2:
In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this.
题目给出“在一些国家，年轻人被鼓励在高中毕业和大学之间，花一年的时间来工作或旅游。”这个就被称为了non-debatable statement，因为这个做法已经存在，也没法去反驳，因此是个事实信息。我们就可以直接把它拿来做背景了。完全照抄是不得不到高分的，paraphrase和sentence variety的功力就要体现在这里了，参考Sample：
Sample1:
Instead of directly attending university after the graduation from high school, youngsters in some countries are encouraged to spend one year working or travelling around first.
Sample 2:
There is a tendency that high school graduates are urged to work or travel for one year before their receiving higher education.
因此，认真审题，分清fact和opinion在写作中是至关重要的。
雅思写作范文：气候变化
Some people think instead of preventing climate change, we should find ways to live with it. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
有人认为我们应该学会适应气候而不是防止气候变化。你在多大程度上同意或者不同意?
参考范文：
These days, no one would deny the importance of protecting the environment.But there is no consensus on how to achieve this end. Some people believe that social members may try to tolerate the changing climate rather than endeavor to make a difference.I find it really difficult to justify this argument.
The climate change and its following impacts indeed have already been on the global scale and people have to admit this undesired social reality. The reasons for this may involve the recognition that environmental problems are mainly found in underdeveloped countries, where industrial or agricultural developments are the top priorities and have to be placed ahead of environmental issues. As a result it is likely for these nations to explore it excessive natural resource to stimulate the economic growth . In the absence of facilities or technologies, those countries have difficulties in balance the economy and the environment. For this reason a large number of people will unfortunately sacrifice their wishes of living in a comfortable zone, but accept the degenerated living surroundings.
However, this doesn't automatically mean that we may simply surrender in the battle against the climate change. After all the rare effort may contribute to the even more outrageous climate disasters,including the glacier melting, drought and flood. In this case,there must be some measures adopted to prevent the regression. One possible approach to urge government to enforce strict laws.These laws can punish environmentally destructive activities and determine businesses and individuals from releasing astonishing amount of carbon dioxide and other kinds of greenhouse gas, Which can effectively postpone the process of global warming. Moreover, in coping with this issue countries worldwide may join forces and make a concerted instead of working individually for inconsistent targets. For example those economically and technologically advanced nations can provide their aids to their less-advanced counterparts in order to restore the environment there.
As analysed above the climate change seems to be inevitable and inextricably intertwined with the economic development. However if we collaborate with each other,this phenomenon can be addressed properly.
(346 words )
雅思写作范文：广告的作用
If the product is of good quality and meets people’s needs, people will buy it. Therefore, advertising is unnecessary and is no more than a type of entertainment. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
如果产品质量好，满足人们的需求，人们就会去买。因此，广告是没必要的，仅仅是一种娱乐。你在多大程度上同意或者不同意?
思路解析：
1. 娱乐功能：在指导人们购物上，广告的作用正在衰退。举例，人们更喜欢通过互联网的帖子和测评信息来选择商品。
2. 销售功能：广告帮助人们有效地了解和对比产品。举例，通过广告中对于相关产品的参数，功能，和总体性能的描述，客户能了解到该产品的特点和价值，并对于产品的好坏做出判断。
3. 刺激销售：广告能勾起观众的购买欲。举例，一个精美的广告往往能让用户重复购买他们不需要的东西，如奢侈品广告。
参考范文：
What is the root function of an advertisement in media? Some people believe it is just for entertaining viewers and it has nothing to do with products selling. Personally, I hold an opposed view that advertising is still the main way of stimulating the consumption of common goods, and my reasons will be explored as below.
Admittedly, Advertisements today have less influence on the public to purchase commodities, because now there are diverse information accesses to understand a product. For example, on an age of Internet, people with desires of purchasing goods, especially the youngsters, prefer reading the professional articles of forums or assessment websites collecting comments and feedbacks from consumers, or listening to the advices from the face-to-face communication with friends and peers. In their eyes, the description of a certain product on an advertisement is unpractical, unobjective and unconvincing. Therefore, advertisements—such as posters in billboards and Videos in TV screens—are viewed as the amusement by which the audience’s stress and worries in minds can be relieved.
However, I strongly believe this assertion underestimate advertisement functions in day-to-day life. Firstly, by what way can a customer be sure of whether a product is really good or needed? The answer is definitely the advertisement. For example, today cell phones of different bands have a high similarity in their appearances and shapes, and it is a big challenge for customers to pick put the right one. So there is a necessity for adverting, which can clearly presents the inner components, parameters and unique features of a cell phone. By reading the detailed information, customers can easily distinguish one product from others, and make a proper judgment of which one is the best or most satisfying for them.
The second reason against this assertion is that advertisements can encourage viewers to buy items they do not need. For example, typical slogans on advertisements like “special discount”, “limited time offer” and “buy one get one free”, are overwhelming temptations. They manipulate brains of customers, driving them to purchase these bargains, with no concern of whether the products are really essential or not.
All in all, this assertion is basically problematic. Although the influence of advertisements is declining, they are still irreplaceable, in terms of their great contributions on instructing people to compare and select high-quality products, as well as sparking the desire of customers to do more shopping.
(409 words)
雅思写作范文：学生是否需要学习国际新闻
Should secondary students study international news as one of their study projects. one think it is a waste of their valuable study time. Discuss both and tell your opinion.
中学生是否应该把学习国际新闻作为学习项目之一?有人认为这是浪费他们宝贵的学习时间。讨论双方观点并给出你的观点。
思路分析：
1. 不该学： 国际新闻对于学生当地的社会而言太过遥远，和他们每天的学习和生活毫不相关。举例，国外的各种政治丑闻，罢工，或是股票的起起落落，都无法教会孩子们去了解当地社会，或是帮助他们取得更好的学校考试成绩。
2. 应该学： 首先，学习国际新闻开阔了学生的视野。举例，通过学习国际新闻中的国外文化元素，孩子们能掌握一种跨文化理解力，这让他们的海外旅行和留学不会犯二。
3. 还有，国际文化帮助孩子们变的更加成熟。举例，在富裕的国家，孩子们总是花钱大手大脚，因为他们的成长环境太安逸。当他们看看那些关于非洲战乱，饥饿和死亡的国际新闻之后，他们能学会珍惜他们的生活。
参考范文：
The world today has become quite dynamic and news stories develop almost every minute. Some people think reviewing the international news need to become a high school subject while another group disagrees. In my opinion, studying the news across the globe can shape these young viewers as well-informed citizens.
Admittedly, the main reason against such news is that it has nothing to do with students’ daily lives. For example, the breaking news in other countries or continents--such as political scandals, work strikes, ups and downs of stock market exchange, is too far from the regional situations to provide practical knowledge or instructions for local students. All they see and hear from the international news fail to reflect the truth and day-to-day changes of local community around them, or to improve their studying performance, or to teach them self-care skills for dealing with the challenges in a real world. In addition, the negative news from other countries including natural disasters, social violence and crimes, unnecessarily shock these young minds, thus trapping them into nervousness and anxiety. On this level, the assertion about the international news wasting time is proper.
However, I strongly believe the international news is highly valuable, to a large extent. Firstly, it is a wonderful means by which students’ minds can be broadened. For example, the international news reports inevitably contain a foreign culture from a certain country--from social manners to languages, from food to religious rituals. By being exposed to the exotic information, students can build up a cross-culture understanding, and their thoughts would become more flexible, adaptable and patient, when encountering with the cultural diversity in future travelling and studying abroad.
Besides, international news plays a role of catalyst for the maturity of youngsters. Actually, many teenagers in some rich countries are overindulged because they grow up in a peaceful, affluent, safe and healthy environment. More or less, they might squander money with no restraint. However, when watching the pictures and stories about Africa, like the massive starvation, epidemics, and the homelessness and death caused by civil wars, they begin to realize how happy their lives are. Then they can learn to spend money in moderation, cherish food and clothes, as well as turn into kind and charitable people with a willing of giving.
In conclusion, for young students in schools, there are more advantages of studying the global news over its disadvantages. Although it is possible that such studying is unpractical for their academic scores in school education or for daily lives, its benefits in cultivating youngsters as well-qualified generations with open, comprehensive and mature thoughts, can never be ignored.
(437 words)
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