雅思写作如何列提纲
雅思作文提纲怎么写?小编建议考生在撰写雅思作文时要按照一定的写作步骤去写，如审题，构思，列提纲，内容填充，检查等，一步一步进行对于时间的合理安排有很大的帮助，也能让考生不会慌乱，有条不紊的写作。本文主要为大家浅谈雅思作文提纲怎么写，希望对考生有所帮助。
雅思写作如何列提纲
首先，我们来了解一下考生在列提纲时常犯的两种错误。
很多考生往往会在小作文写作上花较长的时间，每当这个时候他们就认为列提纲是多此一举，所以就是题目囫囵吞枣读完后，想到哪里就写到哪里。这样做的结果可想而知，分数自然不高。另外， 即便有时间列提纲，在书写时也不是完全用到，所以考生也会觉得列提纲是浪费时间也没有必要。事实上，考生会有这两种想法，原因在于未真正品尝到这样做的好处，或是根本不知道该如何去列提纲。
其次，我们来了解一下列提纲的注意事项。
考生在列提纲时要注意的是了解题目的特点后再列提纲 ，换句话说就是考生要仔细读题，看懂题目再列提纲。这一点更多的是强调提纲呈现与认真读题的关系 ，也就是说，考生要想列出出色的提纲必须利用自己丰富的知识面把题目中重要名词或形容词的内涵展开才能为接下来的思路提供灵感，但是仅仅这些还是不够的。认真地读题并悟出题目的关键才会确保考生顺利想提纲和相关思路。
以雅思大作文为例简单讲解，一般大作文题目主要由背景句，观点句及问题三要素构成，其中背景句对于列提纲而言是非常有帮助的。
如题：In many countries,traditional foods are being replaced by international foods. This is having a negative effect on both families and societies. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
此题中的背景句为第一句，考生要想写出对于家庭和社会的消极影响，必须知道哪些是traditional foods，哪些是international foods。考生利用自己的知识面就能知道二者各自包含什么，如
Traditional foods：
noodles/ rice-based dishes/ pork-based dishes/ rain-based dishes…
International foods：
McDonald's / KFC /Starbucks/ Burger King…
对比分析，我们就能列出提纲来，即：
Negative effects on family：
physical fitness：fried/ high fat/ sugar/ calories/ cholesterol/ be detrimental to sb.;
traditional foods： be rich in nutrition/ vitamin
Negative impact on society：
loss of culture/ Chinese
traditional foods：
Cantonese dish/ Sichuan cuisine/ Shandong cuisine/ treasure
后，我们来学习一下雅思写作步骤之列提纲必经的两个阶段。
所谓的列提纲就是对题目需要的论据进行罗列，包括同意、反对某个观点的理由，事物的优缺点，问题的原因、结果、解决方案等等。但是实际上不同的话题，难度不同，所列出有效论据的难度也不同。就算是简单的题目，依然要经历两个阶段，即“想”和“筛选”。这两个阶段是呈递进关系的。
“想”就是我们所说的brainstorming的过程。举例说明，题目为Should old man live with their own children together, or should they live in the nursing houses? 考生要基于对题目的正确理解，可以先将话题的两个对立面的优缺点都尽量低详细思考分析一番，而并不要只是执着地去想自己的先入为主或是本能选择的“在家照顾父母”的好处。这样可以让自己后面的决定更加客观，让理智而非情感来决定我们的立场，
那么双边论据比较为：与家人的情感交流，归属感 vs与其老人的交流;方便，贴心的照顾 vs 专业的照顾;传统，尽孝道，责任，义务 vs 适应社会发展趋势等等。
这样列提纲，正反两面一一对应，无论选择任何一边作为立场，都会有充分的内容可以发挥。
“筛选”指的是考生要看看自己所想到的内容当中有没有被迫要从文章当中去掉的观点。比如难以表达清楚的，因为有些想法，在交谈中，我们用中文简单的几个字就能让对方明白意思，但是在写作中，尤其是雅思写作则完全不同。第一项评分标准中，对于论据的拓展有着明确的要求，即present, extend and support main ideas，避免over-generalize。所以，对于一些难以拓展的观点或是因比较抽象而难以拓展，考生都可以根据实际情况适当取舍。
雅思写作范文：奥运会举办利弊
Task：Holding Olympic Games has positive effects. Others believe it is too money-consuming and the government should spend that money on other areas.
举办奥运会有积极的影响。其他人认为这太耗钱，政府应该把钱花在其他领域。
思路解析：
好处：
1. 能促进主办地的设施现代化。举例，为了伺候奥运会，大规模的交通设施，公路，铁路会被要求改建和更新，这为整个城市带来了更高效的交运系统。。
2. 绝佳的机会来展示和传播主办国的文化，消除文化差异带来的误解，这增加了国家间的尊敬和信任。
3. 点燃大众运动热情，通过促进运动改善大众体质。
4. 奥运会刺激了经济。它会吸纳数百万人的观光，这拉动了内需，也创造了就业。
坏处：
1. 太烧钱，巨大的开销甚至会占用原本属于社会福利的税收，这降低了当地人的生活质量。
2. 很多场馆的用途过于单一和专业，奥运会之后它们不得不长期闲置，甚至被抛弃。
3. 安保工作一直是一大头疼事儿，举例，1972年的德国慕尼黑惨剧历历在目。
参考范文：
As the NO.1 sports competition worldwide, Olympic Games has been held consistently in different areas in the past. Many people believe this sports tradition should remain, because of its positive influences on the host country. However, others hold an opposite view that a large amount of money spent on it is unwise. Personally, I am in favor of the former view, and my reasons will be explored as below.
The first reason of supporting Olympic Games is that it provides opportunities for the modernization of social infrastructure a host city, which can leave a lasting heritage for the whole community. For example, 2008 Beijing Olympic Games stimulated the update of transportation system, such as the doubled number of highways, higher extension of subways and accommodation of airports, as well as an integration of between land and air traffic. Therefore, contributions to this city this great sporting event made include a smooth operation of internal market, a reliable and efficient mobility of persons and goods, and an increased cohesion of north China, socially and territorially.
Secondly, Olympic Games also plays a role of economic catalyst for local society. For one thing, during the process of the game, the inflow of tens of thousands of athletes, coaches, officers, journalists and audience would drastically boost domestic economy, such as the consumption of hotels, restaurants, commodities and souvenirs. For another, many sporting venues which are in operation after the event is over can be city icons and ideal attractions for tourists. Expectedly, with a consistent thriving of tourism, many kinds of industries and new job vacancies can be activated.
However, demerits of Olympic Games should not be overlooked, and the first concern is so-called white elephant phenomenon of construction. That is to say, without long-term planning or practicality, many venues which were built only for sports with little local interest, have now no use, or are crumbling. For example, In Greek today, the expensive and once-gleaming Olympic legacy has been a set of decaying structures. Swimming pools are given over to frogs, beach volleyball and softball arenas are all literally falling apart, baseball fields have been overtaken by weeds, dirt and trash is collection in the hallway and corners. In other words, the investment of billions of dollars into these debris is unacceptable and ironical for Greeks who are now being trapped in the economic crisis.
In conclusion, I believe its advantages overweigh the disadvantages. Although some sports facilities might not be used fully, the overall improvement of urban infrastructure and economic prosperity sparked by Olympic Games holding are more meaningful and valuable, to a large extent.
(433 words)
雅思写作范文：资源快速消耗
Task：The natural resources such as oil, forests and fresh water are being consumed at an alarming rate. What problems does it cause? How can we solve these problems?
Sample answer：
The universal phenomenon of excessive consumption of natural resources actually remains a subject of public interest and concern. The objective of this essay is to outline both the potential problems of this negative tendency and appropriate ways of dealing with it.
Consuming considerable resources will cause inevitable environmental pollution. The low efficiency of resources use in factories may aggravate this problem. One of the best solutions may be encouraging companies to adopt more eco-friendly equipment, making optimal use of materials. Meanwhile, local governments can enact stricter environment-protection standards to normalize the enterprise operations.
In addition, since available natural resources are quite limited on the earth, the overuse of these restricted resources will worsen the shortage of natural materials and lower people’s standard of living indirectly. It is well-recognized that only a few natural resources can be used directly in our daily life. For example, the drinkable water accounts for just less than 1% of all the world water resources. Also, to meet the basic needs of people, some alternative materials have been invented when some resources are in a short supply. For instance, artificial cotton, a material which is made from rice straw, has replaced cotton in clothing industry in recent years. However, the clothes made of artificial cotton are definitely not as comfortable as the natural ones. Wearing these clothes means a lower life quality to some people to some extent. To address this problem, people should develop a more active attitude towards economizing resources, leading a low carbon life.
To summarize, consuming natural resources at an increasing rate may pose a threat on environment and people’s life. Business, governments and society should work together to solve these problems.
(280 words)
雅思写作范文：捐款方式
Task：Some people prefer to provide help and support directly to those in their local community who need it. Others, however prefer to give money to national and international charitable organizations. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Sample answer：
Although people in industrialized countries lead a high standard of living, it is undeniable that there are still 1.2 billion people living below the poverty line. In order to solve poverty-related problems, I feel that all kinds of help should be encouraged and respected.
Giving a helping hand to those who are in need in the local community seems reasonable. It is because even in the richest countries, there are still a lot of people, such as disabled people and orphanages, suffering from famine and extreme poverty. For this reason, it is easy and convenient for us to help our fellow citizens, such as donating food or clothing to them, so that we can see the result of our actions immediately. By contrast, it is rather difficult to track expenditure of international aids, which might result in corruption in some cases.
Those who donate money to domestic and international charities believe that the collection of money has a tremendous effect on the poor countries compared with other forms of help. This is because few people are able to donate a large amount of money to construct schools, hospitals and roads in poor areas. Instead, governments and charities can achieve this. International aids can also purchase vaccines which are available in developed countries by using the money raised worldwide and save millions children’s life.
In my view, minor proportion of donated money and other sorts of help should be appreciated equally as long as the money reaches to those who need it desperately. The government could run campaign and encourage door-to door help. At the same time, charitable organizations should make every penny count for donors.
(275 words)
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