托福独立写作让步段怎么写
托福独立写作中，一个好的让步段会让文章的逻辑关系更严密，论证更丰富，更符合学术文章的要求。今天小编就来和大家详细讲讲让步段的写法，助力你的托福写作!
让步段落这样写，你的托福独立写作更有威力!
写还是不写?这是个问题
Q：很多同学有疑问，在一篇完整的独立作文中，让步段是不是一定要写呢?可不可以不写呢?
老师：让步段不是必须要写的，考生们可以在作文里只提出支持自己观点的两至三个正面的理由，这样也可以得出最后的结论。
比如说是否同意“新的科技产品发布，过段时间购买比马上购买要好”，我们完全可以只提出过段时间购买的两个正面理由：一. 价格会更便宜; 二. 产品的性能会更优化，这样整篇作文的论点还是明确的。
但是这篇文章当然也可以加上让步段，过段时间再买的坏处，或是马上购买的好处。这样会显得这篇文章论证的逻辑更加严密和全面，我们确实是进行了优劣对比后，才得出自己的观点。
尤其要注意的是，如果作文题目本身的观点的反面并不能够被忽略，那么建议让步段是一定要写的，这样显得我们得出自己的观点才不牵强。
比如作文题目“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Playing computer games is a waste of time. Children should not be allowed to play them.”。我们可以写正面的两个观点，即玩电脑游戏的两个好处，但是我们同样不能忽略玩电脑游戏的坏处，所以就要写让步段了，不然观点就会显得过于偏激。
怎么写让步段?这又是个问题
重中之重: “让一小步，进一大步”!
让步段的最重要目的是对让步内容地不断削弱，以退为进，先提出坏处，然后再否定它。但是要记住的是让步段与支持段结构一致，也是有主题句，然后要对主题句进行展开解释。
所以常见的套路是：
主题句(不可否认A也有坏处)+解释(进一步解释说明坏处是什么)+让步(但是呢，这些坏处可以被解决掉，或是不太重要)
1.让步段主题句写法
让步段的主题句一般是这样的：不可否认的是，A可能会有一些坏处。这里我们尽量语气要委婉些，下面是一些会用到的词组表达：
——Admittedly / Undoubtedly / There is no denying that / It cannot be denied that
——May / might / possibly / probably
——One / one or two / a couple of / minor / several
——To some extent / to some degree
【常见错误】
很多考生让步段用although开头，但是although后面只能跟一个从句，所以后面主题句的内容就没有办法展开了。
2. 让步如何实现
让步段的表述可以参考以下模式：
?让步方的好处比支持方的好处次要，或者支持方的坏处比起好处来次要。
However, the advantages of A are more important than those of B.
?让步方优点与支持方优点比起来较少，或支持方缺点与优点比起来较少。
However, the advantages of A are far more than those / that of B.
However, the advantages of A outnumber those / that of B.
?对方的好处，我方也可以有办法得到;我方的坏处可以有办法消除。
However, the problem can be solved by …
However, the negative influence can be eliminated by …
3. 让步段范例赏析
Q
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Playing computer games is a waste of time. Children should not be allowed to play them.
主题句:
Admittedly, playing computer games does harbor several drawbacks.
解释：
Some children are addicted to playing computergames and ignore their studies, thereby suffering from poor academic performance. Also, over exposure to computer games with high concentration will sooner or later cause the impairment of their eyesight.
让步:
However, most children are able to control themselves to play games in moderation. Also, their parents can intervene and supervise as well. Specifically, they could set strict rules on how much time their children could play games everyday and on what conditions they could do so, therefore it is completely unnecessary to forbid them to play computer games.
托福独立写作真题分步详解—该不该投资“非实用科研”?
第一步：审题
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The government should support the scientific research even it has no practical use.
题目要求考生讨论政府是否应该支持非实用科研。由标志词should 可知，本题属于价值判断类题目。对于这类题目，可以优先选择利弊分析法解题。本题可以从经济利益、社会因素、未来发展和可操作性方面进行讨论， 比如可以思考支持"非实用科研"会造成哪些经济损失或带来哪些经济利益、对社会和科学发展有怎样的影响、会面临怎样的现实问题等。
为了更清楚地展示分析结果，笔者将两者间的利弊对比列在了下面的表格中。在考试时考生也可以用类似方法将其列在草稿纸上，写作时思路会更加清晰。
第二步 写作
1、首段
引子：在"现象化、背景化、调查化"三种方法中，本段可以选取现象化的方式展开引子，目前，中国政府每年都在增加对科研的投入。
点题：可以用不同的语言重述题目----“而非实用科研是否应该得到政府的政治支持，却成为一个合理的问题。”
观点和铺垫：本段笔者尝试将观点和铺垫合为一句来表述，点明自己的观点， 并简单提及下文内容——"我个人认为，所谓的非实用科学会给投资者带来潜在的回报，但支持这些研究对招募科学家也会有良好的影响。”
首段用英文表述如下：
(引子)At present, the Chinese government has been increasing investment in scientific research annually. (点题)However, it is a legitimate question whether or not impractical scientific research should receive financial support from the government. (观点和铺垫) Personally, I believe the so-called impractical science has potential reward for investors, and supporting it also has a beneficial effect on the overall recruitment of scientists.
2、正文段1
主题句：可以简洁、清晰地提出第一分论点----“首先，政府应该为非实用科学的潜在好处而进行投资。”
扩展句：在原因、推论、解释、对比四种方法中，本段可以尝试从原因分析角度对主题句进行论证——"很多科学研究开始都不盈利，但最后却有很好的回报。”
案例和细节： 飞机的发明。20世纪初，莱特兄弟设计了第一架飞机。当时，很多人认为莱特兄弟的实验是毫无意义的，因为他们不相信这样一只“呆鸟”能对社会有所帮助。现在，全世界都受益于莱特兄弟的发明。飞机不仅成为重要的交通工具，也是一种至关重要的军事武器。例子中提供了时间、人物、飞机绰号以及事件结果等诸多细节，使得论据非常生动可信。
逻辑包装：重申段落主旨，并继续加强案例说服力----“仅仅因为一项研究在当时看起来不实用，就不进行投资，这是很愚蠢的。因此，考虑到潜在的回报和利益，对政府而言，投资非实用科研非常值得尝试。“
正文段1用英文表述如下：
(主题句) First, the government should invest in impractical science for its potential benefits.(扩展句) Many scientific researches have had a non-profitable beginning, but a rewarding ending. (案例和细节)The best example to illustrate this is the invention of airplane. The Wright brothers designed the first airplane in the early 20th century. At the time, most people viewed the brothers' experiment as meaningless since they did not believe such a "rigid bird" could possibly be of benefit to society. Today the whole world benefits greatly from the Wright brothers' invention. The airplane has become not only an important transportation device, but also a vital military weapon. (逻辑包装) It is foolish to ignore investment in research simply because it seems impractical at the time. Accordingly, considering the potential rewards and benefits, it is a worthy attempt for the government to invest on impractical research.
3、正文段2
此段的结构和正文段1类似，但需要站在不同角度思考一个分论点。权衡之下，我们确定以下的分论点-----“投资非实用科研可以进一步发展我国的科研技术。”
以下是参考英文文段：
(主题句)Secondly, the budget for impractical scientific research can further develop scientific research in our country. (扩展句)With the financial investment, the government can improve its reputation and attract talented scientists from all over the world. (案例和细节)For instance, the U.S. government usually spends more than 2.3 billion dollars on impractical research each year, and has an excellent high reputation for valuing all scientific researches. Many scientists from abroad settle down in America because of this, for they believe they can have personal development in the United States. According to a survey on the Internet, more than 30 percent of scientific discoveries in America can be attributed to endeavors made by Chinese and Indian scientists. (逻辑包装) If our country is increasingly devoted to impractical scientific research, we too can attract the best talents from all over the world.
4、让步段
让步句：可以承认自身观点的缺陷，也可以指出对方观点的可取之处。此处笔者选择承认自身观点缺陷——"诚然，非实用科研的经费支出会给人们带来一些经济负担。”
让步论证：为让步句的合理性提出合理证明。在某种意义上，它是一种高风险的投资。“
转折句：否定让步，强化己方观点。本句有四种写作方法，即己方问题可解、双方优势共享、自身优劣对比、行为后果权衡。这里可以采用自身优劣对比的方法，说明政府对科技“高风险的投资“虽有缺陷，但意义更大----”不过，这种投资还是值得的。“
转折论证：此句支持和加强转折句。进一步说明转折句的合理性，并重申段落主旨-----“由于有时能得到非常高的回报，我们的政府应该承担投资的风险。“
让步段用英文表述如下：
(让步句)Admittedly, the expenditure on impractical research will bring some financial burden to the people. (让步论证)In a sense, it is a high-risk investment. (转折句) Nevertheless, this investment is still worthwhile. (转折论证) It is because the reward sometimes is so great that our government should be willing to take the risk of investment.
5、结尾段
结尾段主要的作用是重申观点-----“总之，考虑到巨大的潜在利益和科研的进一步发展，政府确实应该投资非实用科研。“
结尾段用英文表述如下：
In conclusion, considering the huge potential benefits and further development of scientific research, the government indeed should invest in impractical scientific research.
以上，就是本篇独立写作从审题到写作的分步解析。本文在开头段运用了“一引二扣三观四铺”的经典方式，中间两个主题段的论证中综合使用了原因、举例等论证方法，再结合适当的让步逻辑，便形成了一篇中心切题、论证丰富、说理清晰的文章。希望同学们在练习中能学以致用，举一反三，使这些方法服务于自己的写作。
托福独立写作范文：人人都可以改变环境
写作话题
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Because environmental issues are too complicated, individuals can do nothing to solve them.
参考范文
Our current environmental problems grow ever more serious. Sometimes they seem so serious and confusing that it seems an individual could never do anything to help fi x the problems. Personally speaking, I believe that individuals can make a difference. There are at least two areas where the efforts of ordinary individuals can be meaningful in solving environmental issues.
Firstly, individuals can protect environment by changing their ways of waste disposal. If every person would classify his or her garbage before throwing it away, much of it could be recycled and pollution could be reduced. Just take beverage cans as one example. Recent surveys suggest that over 7,000 tons of waste beverage cans go un-recycled each year in America alone. The cost of finding these cans after they have been thrown away, reclassifying them as recyclable and then sending them to be recycled is far higher than simply making new ones. However, if individuals would sort their cans before they discard them, and then discard them into the proper containers, the expense of recycling would decline greatly and there would be reduction in absolute pollution caused by the beverage cans. This is just one area where an individual can make a difference.
Secondly, environmental problems will be somewhat revolved once individuals in society consume less energy. It is because the requirement of natural resources used to produce energy will reduce and as a result, the environmental damage human inflicts will also decline. As an academic survey indicates, if every family in American could reduce their electricity use by 5% a year,1.65 billion units would be saved. It means that the generator motived by coals in the whole country can take a break for more than a month. In fact, not only can it make human’s requirement of natural resources less, but also it can alleviate the air pollution caused by burning coals. Consequently, for winning the battle of protecting environment, individuals’ endeavor, undoubtedly, is a great strength that should not be ignored.
Admittedly, most people do not have the specialized knowledge and skills to tackle many issues related to the environment. Besides, they do not have the influence to change entire systems. Nevertheless, the claim that individuals can do nothing to solve these issues is an obvious overstatement. In fact, the power that individual can exert is much more than we can expect.
In conclusion, I disagree with the idea that individuals can do nothing in solving environmental problems since the issues are too complicated.
参考译文
当前我们面临的环境问题已经越来越严峻了。有时这些问题看起来格外严重，令人不知所措，以至于人们觉得个人在解决环境问题方面已经无能为力了。然而在我看来，即使是个人也可以尽自己的一份努力，来改变这一现状。至少在下面两个方面，普通人也能为之做出有意义的贡献。
首先，人们可以通过改变垃圾丢弃的方式，来保护环境。如果每个人都能在丢掉垃圾之前将其分类，那么这些垃圾中的一大部分就可以被回收，进而减少污染。以饮料罐为例。最近一项调查显示，仅在美国，每年就有超过 7000 吨废饮料罐未能得到回收。如果人们要找回这些已丢弃的饮料罐，并将其重新分类、回收利用，其成本要比制造新罐子高得多。然而，如果人们可以事先分拣出这些废罐子，并将它们扔到相应的垃圾箱里，回收的费用则将大大下降，而由饮料罐引起的污染也会有所减少。以上这不过是个人能够为环保做出贡献的诸多领域之一。
其次，如果每个人能够降低自己对能源的消耗，那么环境问题也将在一定程度上得到解决。这是由于人们不再需要消耗大量的自然资源来制造能源。自然资源消耗的下降及工业生产的缩减，会降低人类对环境造成的损害。一份学术调查表明，如果所有的美国家庭每年能减少 5% 的用电量，那么便可节省 16.5 亿度电，而这意味着全国以燃煤为动力的发电机可以少工作一月有余。事实上， 那不仅能减少人们对自然资源的消耗，同时也能够减轻因烧煤而引起的空气污染。因此，要赢得环保战斗的胜利，个人的努力，毫无疑问，是一个不应被忽视的强大力量。
诚然，大多数人不具备解决诸多环境问题的专业知识和技能。此外，他们也没有足够的影响力以改变整个体系。但即使这样，声称个人在解决这些问题上完全无能为力显然言过其实了。事实上，个人能够发挥出的力量是远远超过我们预期的。
综上所述，我不认同“环境问题太过复杂，因此个人在解决这些问题上无能为力”这个说法。
范文点拨
这篇范文共五段。首段依然是引子、点题、观点、铺垫四个要素。对于本题的话题，即个人是否在应对复杂的环境问题面前无能为力，作者持的是一种否定态度，并在其后的两个正论段中，从垃圾处理和能源节约方面进行了论证。另外，作者在论述以上两段时，也分别给出了具体的数据，作为细节加以佐证。在让步段中，作者使用了“让步句 +让步论证 +转折句 +转折论证”的四句话论证法。值得注意的是，这一次的让步论证中，作者给出了与让步句论点平行的另一观点，来对其做出补充说明。总体上说，整篇文章长度适中，且语言亮点较多，难度适中，非常适合考生模仿研习。
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