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怎么解决托福阅读来不及做题

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托福阅读大家面临的问题不少,尤其是初次接触托福阅读文章和托福阅读试题的同学,那么这些问题该怎么解决呢?其实有时候多练多总结就可以了,下面针对几个新手常出现的毛病和问题做一个介绍。

怎么解决托福阅读来不及做题

很多托福阅读文章我都读不懂

一般来说,托福阅读文章读不懂主要是词汇不过关引起的,还是要多背,反复背,直到考试结束才停止。词汇书上,王玉梅的《TOEFL词汇》和张红岩的新作《词以类记》两本都背下来,应该足够。同时也可以考虑降低材料难度,基础不牢者可以用Longman综合,北极星学生用书入门,实在还不行就用《阅读特训》练习。

我做托福阅读试题老来不及

其实对速度影响最大的一般还是词汇量,而且还要对词汇很熟悉,看到单词不是先想起中文解释,再想起具体形象,而是直接“蹦出”具体形象。另外,长难句也会对阅读速度造成影响,解决办法上文(“新托福相对旧托福变化”中)。

当然,考试时也没有必要对每个句子甚至每个单词都读懂,所以结合“出题原则”以及对OG、北极星等材料中出题点的把握,就能培养对易考内容的感觉,从而实现有重点的阅读(不过这个感觉培养也不是很容易,要多练多看),可以节省一些时间。实在来不及,就用“读文章各段首句,然后看题目,再找文章内相应部分做题”的办法。

托福阅读要不要做笔记?

阅读部分时间本来就很紧,而且做题时文章是有显示的,不像听力听过的信息不会再出现(除了listen again题型会重复两句),所以阅读一般都不用记录笔记。

其实这些问题不光是托福阅读的新手,很多复习过一段托福阅读试题的人也有同样的疑惑,面对托福阅读文章一定要掌握好方法才能有更大的进步。

托福阅读怎么掌握词汇

首先,托福阅读确实是需要六级以上的词汇量才能得到相对较高的分数。为什么?

第一是因为托福阅读中有一种题目叫做词汇题,词汇题是这样的一种题:你认识这个单词就肯定能做对,而且能很快地做对。你不认识这个单词就是经过层层推断,耗费了很多时间还很容易得到错误的结果,所以说解决词汇题的王道就是认识这个单词。那么词汇题在托福阅读中究竟有多重要呢?是占了25%以上的比例的。OG上说,每篇阅读题有3-6个单词题(每篇托福阅读总共只有13个题呀),可见词汇题的重要性--只要把词汇题解决了,就能轻松拿下托福阅读中的一大块分数,还为做其它题节省了宝贵的时间。托福阅读的词汇题中考到的词汇是什么难度呢?大概是6级的词汇,也有稍难一些的。所以为了保险起见,单词的水平要达到6级以上,这样就可以把阅读中单词题的分数拿满。第二是阅读速度的问题。对于中国考生,托福阅读的一大障碍在于时间不够用,读文章的速度太慢了。不是说认识单词就能快速读懂文章,而是说单词量太小阅读速度必然大打折扣!

第二,托福阅读需要知道一点专业词汇这不假,但绝非很难很专的词汇。第一是托福阅读考察的词汇是偏于专业性质的,原因是这样:托福考试是为了看考生的英语水平能否保证其在大学中顺利学习专业知识,因此考察的内容是偏重学术的方面的,而阅读文章也多从大学课本的简易内容中选取。所以在背单词的时候对于学术词汇给予一定程度的重视是合理的。第二是托福阅读考察的专业词汇难度有限。这点也是很自然的,因为托福毕竟是一门英语水平考试,又不是专业考试。难度较大的专业词汇在阅读中确实会出现,但根本不是考察的内容,而且其意思可以很容易地猜出来。举个例子:It should be obvious that cetaceans--whales, porpoises, and dolphins--are mammals,这是OG阅读题中的一个原句。这句话中的cetacean就是一个过分专业而无需背的单词,你只要认识了whales,dolphins,mammals就知道了cetacean是生活在水里(海里的)动物,而且是哺乳动物,这就相当于知道了cetacean的意思了。需要记忆的是mammal,whale,dolphin这种比较常用的专业词汇,而不是cetacean这种生僻的类型,把精力放在背这种艰涩的单词上是很不值得的。

托福阅读解析词汇内容

如何识别此类问题

词汇类问题很容易辨认,在文章中被考到的单词或短语会被用阴影标识出来,问题的提问形式通常为:

☆ In the case of a word, the question might be :

The word X in the passage is closest in meaning to

☆ In the case of a phrase, the question might be :

In stating X, the author means that

The phrase X in the passage is closest in meaning to

其中,以第一种形式,也就是考察考生某单词在文章上下文中意思的问题类型最为常见。

如何答题

1. 在文章中定位到阴影标识的单词或短语。

2. 仔细阅读该词或短语所在句子。

3. 在句子中寻找可以帮助理解阴影标识的单词或短语的具体意思的线索。

4. 选择答案,并将所选择的单词或短语放入原文进行检验,以确认这个句子在全文中仍是有意义的。

提醒考生注意,选择答案时,不要仅仅因为某个选项符合该单词的某一个正确意思就将其作为正确选项;题目考察的是作者在文章上下文中使用了那一个词义。

如何利用各种线索

☆ 结构线索(即指明句子中各成分之间关系的特定单词、短语和语法结构)

1. 对比

Example: OG Practice Set 5, question 6

Passage 5: In this newly emerging economic order, workers sometimes organized to protect their rights and traditional ways of life. Craftworkers such as carpenters and tailors formed unions and in 1834 individual unions came together in the National Trades’ Union. The labor movement gathered some momentum in the decade before the Panic of 1837, but in the depression that followed, labor’s strength collapsed…

The phrase gathered some momentum in the passage is closest in meaning to

○ made progress

○ became active

○ caused changes

○ combined forces

解析:单词readily所在的文章句子中出现转折词but,根据文章中but后面的内容我们可以得出短语gathered some momentum在此句中的的意思为made progress。

2. 例子

Example: OG Practice Set 4, question 10

Passage 8: One cognitive theory suggests that aggravating and painful events trigger unpleasant feelings. These feelings in turn, can lead to aggressive action, but not automatically. Cognitive factors intervene. People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on other people’s motives. Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other people’s motives. For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.

The word distort in the passage is closest in meaning to

○ mistrust

○ misinterpret

○ criticize

○ resent

解析:distort所在的文章句子后出现“ for example”, 根据for example 中的内容,我们可以得出distort在此句中的意思为misinterpret。

3. 并列信息

Example: OG Practice Set 5, question 3

Passage 3: …Absenteeism and lateness hurt productivity and since work was specialized, disrupted the regular factory routine. Industrialization not only produced a fundamental change in the way work was organized; it transformed the very nature of work.

The word disrupted in the passage is closest in meaning to

○ prolonged

○ established

○ followed

○ upset

解析:disrupt 在的文章句子中出现and连接的并列信息hurt,根据这一并列信息,我们可以得出disrupt在此句中的意思为upset。

4. 因果关系

Example: OG Practice Set 6, question 1

Passage 1: …Feeding, courtship, preproduction, and even “rest” are carried out while in constant motion. As a result, practically every aspect of the body form and function of these swimming “machines” is adapted to enhance their ability to swim.

The word enhance in the passage is closest in meaning to

○ use

○ improve

○ counteract

○ balance

解析:enhance 在的文章句子中出现表示因果关系的短语as a result,根据前一句中的原因,我们可以得出enhance在此句中的意思为improve。

5. 连词or

Example: OG The EXPRESSION OF EMOTIONS question 1

Passage 1: Joy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent? It turns out that the expression of many emotions may e universal…

The word despondent in the passage is closest in meaning to

○ curious

○ unhappy

○ thoughtful

○ uncertain

解析:despondent 所在的文章句子中出现疑问句,疑问句中的连词or 表示选择,因此我们可以得出despondent在此句中的意思为unhappy?

☆ 数字/时间

Example: OG Practice Set 3, question 11

Passage 6: With the advent of projection, the viewer’s relationship with the image was no longer private, as it had been with earlier peepshow devices such as the Kinetoscope and the Mutoscope, which was a similar machine that reproduced motion by means of successive images on individual photographic cards instead of strips of celluloid. It suddenly became public –an experience that the viewer shared with dozens, score, and even hundreds of others. At the same time, the image that the spectator looked at expanded from the minuscule peepshow dimensions of 1 or 2 inches (in height) to the life-size proportions of 6 or 9 feet.

The word expanded in the passage is closest in meaning to

○ was enlarged

○ was improved

○ was varied

○ was rejected

解析:expanded所在的文章句子中出现从“1 or 2 inches”到“6 or 9 feet”,因此我们可以轻而易举得出expanded在文章中上下文意思为 was enlarged。

☆ 标点线索

Example: OG Practice Set 3, question 4

Passage 3: Exhibitors, however, wanted to maximize their profits, which they could do more readily by projecting a handful of films to hundreds of customers at a time (rather than one at a time) and by charging 25 to 50 cents admission…

The word readily in the passage is closest in meaning to

○ frequently

○ easily

○ intelligently

○ obviously

解析:readily 在的文章句子中出现表示附加或补充信息的圆括号(),根据圆括号中的内容,我们可以得出readily在此句中的意思为easily。

☆ 构词法

根据构词法,单词的结构有三部分:前缀(prefixes),词干(stems)和后缀(suffixes)。词干是单词的构成基础,前缀和后缀则分别加在词干的前面和后面,从而改变单词的词性和含义。而前缀、后缀和词干都有其固定含义,因此根据构词法,我们就可以利用其固定含义来判断生词的意思。

Example: OG NINETEENTH-CENTURY POLITICS IN THE UNITED STATES

Passage 1: …During his administration he immeasurably enlarged the power of the presidency…

The word immeasurably in the passage is closest in meaning to

○ frequently

○ greatly

○ rapidly

○ reportedly

解析:immeasurably一词的词根为measure(测量、度量),词缀分别为im-(不),-able(能…的),-ly(由形容词变为副词)。因此我们可以判断immeasurably一词在此句中的意思为greatly?


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