托福写作话题之事实类
托福写作考试中，大家针对不同的题目类型，也需要掌握不同的写作技巧。今天我们重点来讲解的是事实类话题的写作。下面就跟随小编一起来学习一下吧!
托福写作事实类和故事类题目解析
举例在托福独立写作中扮演着非常重要的角色，这在最新版《托福考试官方指南》的满分评分标准中有着明确且充分的体现：“Is well organized and well developed, using clearly appropriate explanations, exemplifications, and/or details .”其中exemplifications正是“举例”或“例证”之意;另外，details也即“细节”，而细节通常体现在具体的例子当中——这一点进一步说明了举例的重要性。
事实上，从备考托福独立写作的策略来说，举例有三大好处：
一、真实可信 。没有具体例子，分论点就缺乏论据，缺乏论据，就缺乏可信度，导致论证不充分。
二、生动有趣 。没有具体例子，文章将缺乏“画面感”，大量的“讲道理”只能让文章读起来味同嚼蜡。
三、充实饱满 。有相当一部分托福考生，最开始练习托福独立写作的时候在30分钟内是写不够官方规定的300词的，其中一个重要的原因就是没有具体的例子，光是“假大空”的理论，使文章显得十分干瘪。
因此，备战托福的考生们应当在平时有意识、有针对性地练习举例的思路，并且应当熟练掌握如何用地道、多样的英语句型将这些例子陈述开来。
首先，我们来讨论在描述现象中会用到的举例词汇。描述现象就是罗列客观存在的事实，写出人们所熟知的，经常出现在日常生活中的普遍现象，适合它的举例词汇一般有三种：such as与like，include与range from…to…以及for example与for instance。
为了能更加直观地展现举例的这种方法，现以TPO26的独立写作题目为例，“孩子们选择与父母相同的工作比选择与父母不同的工作要好”，并且选择agree(其实也可选择disagree，但举例方法大同小异，所以在此只讨论agree的情况)，假设孩子与父母一样，都选择教师这个职业，并且提出可以从父母的工作经验中获得“备课经验与恰当的上课方法论”，这就是一个客观存在的事实，也即描述现象：
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
It is better for children to choose jobs that are similar to their parents’ jobs than to choose jobs that are very different from their parents’ jobs.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
其次，我们来讨论在叙述故事中会用到的举例词汇。叙述故事就是写出真实发生的事件，这些事件可以是发生在其他人身上的，也可以是发生在自己身上的，适合它的举例词汇比较多，在此仅讨论相对“高端”的两种：illustrate与exemplify以及…deserves a special mention。为了能更加直观地展现举例的这种方法，现以TPO16的独立写作题目为例，“最佳的旅行方式是跟随有导游的旅游团”，并且选择disagree(其实也可选择agree，但举例方法大同小异，所以在此只讨论disagree的情况)，理由是“导游会把游客带到商品价格极高的纪念品店”，例子是my cousin Joseph的一段亲身经历，这就是一个真实发生的事件，也即叙述故事：
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
The best way to travel is in a group led by a tour guide.
Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
17个托福写作精彩语句 让你托福写作得高分
An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city . However, this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents, who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.
越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用.然而,越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法,他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题,象犯罪和卖淫.
Many city residents complain that it is so few buses in their city that they have to spend much more time waiting for a bus, which is usually crowded with a large number of passengers.
许多市民抱怨城市的公交车太少,以至于他们要花很长时间等一辆公交车,而车上可能已满载乘客.
There is no denying the fact that air pollution is an extremely serious problem :the city authorities should take strong measures to deal with it.
无可否认，空气污染是一个极其严重的问题：城市当局应该采取有力措施来解决它。
An investigation shows that female workers tend to have a favorable attitude toward retirement.
一项调查显示妇女欢迎退休.
No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.
没有一项发明象互联网同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评.
People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.
Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a person's physical fitness.
许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康.
When it comes to education ,the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.
说到教育,大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习.
The majority of students believe that part-time job will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job markets.
大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力,而这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的.
It is indisputable that there are millions of people who still have a miserable life and have to fact the dangers of starvation and exposure.
无可争辩,现在有成千上万的人仍过着挨饿受冬的痛苦生活.
Although this view is widely held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.
尽管这一观点被广泛接受,很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点任何年龄进行.
Nowadays, many students always go into raptures at the mere mention of the coming life of high school or college they will begin. Unfortunately ,for most young people, it is not pleasant experience on their first day on campus.
当前,一提到即将开始的学校生活,许多学生都会兴高采烈.然而,对多数年轻人来说,校园刚开始的日子并不是什么愉快的经历.
In view of the seriousness of this problem ,effective measures should be taken before things get worse.
考虑到问题的严重性,在事态进一步恶化之前,必须采取有效的措施.
Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.
应该采取适当的措施限制外国旅游者的数量,努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响.
A proper part-time job does not occupy student's too much time .In fact, it is unhealthy for them to spend all of time on their study. As an old saying goes: All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy
一份适当的业余工作并不会占用学生太多的时间,事实上,把全部的时间都用到学习上并不健康,正如那句老话:只工作,不玩耍,聪明的孩子会变傻.
Any government which is blind to this point may pay a heavy price.
任何政府忽视这一点都将付出巨大的代价.
An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.
越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束.
【实例讲解】如何把握好托福写作结构安排
“Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? ”这是新托福独立写作的典型提问方式，正是因为相对较统一的提问法，她降低了不少应对难度。至少考生在完成独立写作前是可以有针对性的练习和研究的;然而，要想取得5分的好成绩，单纯知道题目的提问方式是远远不够的，考官如何评分等一系列基本问题也是必须被考生所了解的，这其中就包括一个重要的信息：结构安排。
新托福独立写作一共有3个评分标准：如何展开论点，如何组织结构以及如何运用语言表达观点。语言的表达是项相对较耗时的任务，不是一朝一夕即可掌握的，因此急需考生的长期酝酿;而如何展开论点，相对应其实与如何运用语言是相辅相成的，同样是需要时间。中国考生写作分数不高并不是因为不知道说什么理由，而是不知道如何用英语恰当的表达自己的中文思路。因此这3个评分标准中最有技巧最易提升的便是第二个：如何组织结构。
因此，有了以上的大致信息后，考生就应该多思考如何能在30分钟内缔造出完美的文章结构，来获得考官的青睐?一篇好的结构不仅包括必备的连接词和过渡句，自然也离不开永恒的内在统一。
任何形式的英语文章中都应该具备一定量的连接词(路标词)，因为它们是有助于读者顺利阅读的“导航坐标”;大多数考生在备考时也的确会准备一系列此类连接词，用于文章每个段落的段首;包括有表示“第一，第二，第三”等的连接词。但是单纯有段首连接词还不足以支撑全文的结构，因此考生应该同时准备段中连接词，包括“比如说，因为，但是，相对比而言”等，粗略估计，全文完成下来可以达到15个以上的路标词，不仅承接了全文，结构清晰明了，而且也为时间紧张下的写作减轻了不少字数压力。
以下为常用连接词：
1， 第一：in the first place/ first and foremost/ to start with/ to begin with/ first of all/ first/ firstly
2， 第二：in the second place/ secondly and equal importantly/ to continue/ second/ secondly
3， 第三：in the third place/ last but not least/ third/ thirdly
4， 一方面、另一方面：on one hand/ on the other hand; for one thing/ for another
5， 表原因：because/ because of/ since/ due to/ as/ thanks to/ for/ owing to
6， 表结果：so/ therefore/ as a result/ consequently/ as a consequence
7， 表举例：for example/ for instance/ such as/ take…as an example/ to illustrate
8， 表承接：besides/ furthermore/ moreover/ what’s more/ in addition/ additionally
9， 表转折：but/ while/ however/ nevertheless/ nonetheless
10，表比较对比: to compare with/ compared with/ in comparison with/ by contrast/ on the contrary
…
当然，仅仅依靠连接词是不足以表明全文的连贯性的，适当的添加过渡句也是很好的承接手段，如Official Guide To The New TOEFL P263中有一篇关于DISHONESTY KILLS RELIABILITY 的5分范文中就有出现多处明显的段落过渡句，如第三段首“After stating that everyone’s opinion can be different about this, for me honesty, in other words, always telling…”用来承接上下两段，以引出自己的观点看法;第五段首“Although I would like to see altruistic, understanding, thoughtful and loyal behavior from people, an instance of the opposite…”等都明显具备良好的过渡功能，让全文更加流畅舒服，朗朗上口。
托福写作模板 4大开篇方法教你如何起头
一、可以先表明自己的立场，再阐述原因
Businesses are as likely as are governments to establish large bureaucracies， but bureaucracy is far more damaging to a business than it is to a government.
Contrary to the statement’s premise， my view is that businesses are less likely than government to establish large bureaucracies， because businesses know that they are more vulnerable than government to damage resulting from bureaucratic inefficiencies. My position is well supported by common sense and by observation.
二、比较新颖、有创意的开头
“As technologies and the demand for certain services change， many workers will lose their jobs. The responsibility for those people to adjust to such change should belong to the individual worker， not to government or to business.
As a saying goes， “God helps those help themselves”， which is true in most cases. But as far as the large numbers of laid-off workers caused by the technological and market changes are concerned， I believe the government and the business certainly have an unshakable responsibility to take.
三、可以适当的复述一下题目，然后稍作让步，再表达自己的观点和立场
“Work greatly influences people’s personal lives—their special interests， their leisure activities， even their appearance way from the work place.”
The speaker claims that our jobs greatly influence our personal interests， recreational activities and even appearance. While I agree that the personal lives of some people are largely determined by their work， in my view it would be a mistake to draw this conclusion generally. In my observation， the extent to which occupation influences personal life depends on the nature of the work， and how central the work is to one’s sense of self.
“We shape our buildings and afterwards our buildings shape us.”
I believe this statement should be interpreted broadly—to mean that we are influenced by the exterior shape of buildings， as well as by the arrangement of multiple buildings and by a building’s various architectural and aesthetic elements. While I doubt that buildings determine our character or basic personality traits， I agree that they can greatly influence our attitudes， moods， and even life styles.
四、新托福写作可以以提问方式开头，阐述自己的观点，再表明自己的立场
“As technologies and the demand for certain services change， many workers will lose their jobs. The responsibility for those people to adjust to such change should belong to the individual worker， not to government or to business.”
As technology and changing social needs render more and more jobs obsolete， who is responsible for helping displaced workers adjustWhile individuals have primary responsibility for learning new skills and finding work， both industry and government have some obligation to provide them the means of doing so.
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10.托福词汇分类记忆四
