BEC阅读全真试题：ProblemsintheITindustry
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BEC阅读全真试题：Problems in the IT industry
Problems in the IT industry
In the information technology industry, it is widelyacknowledged that how well IT departments of the future canfulfil their business goals will depend not on the regular updatingof technology, which is essential for them to do, but on how wellthey can hold on to the people skilled at manipulating thenewest technology. This is becoming more difficult. Bestestimates of the current shortfall in IT staff in the UK arebetween 30,000 and 50,000, and growing. And there is no end to the problem in sight. A severe industry-wide lack of investment intraining means the long-term skills base is both ageing and shrinking. Employers are chasingexperienced staff in ever-decreasing circles, and, according to a recent government report, 250,000 new IT jobs will be created over the next decade.
Most employers are confining themselves to dealing with the immediate problems. There is littleevidence, for example, that they are stepping up their intake of raw recruits for in-house training,or retraining existing staff from other functions. This is the course of action recommended by theComputer Software Services Association, but research shows its members are adopting the short-term measure of bringing in more and more consultants on a contract basis. However, thisapproach is becoming less and less acceptable as the general shortage of skills, coupled with highdemand, sends contractor rates soaring. An experienced contract programmer, for example, cannow earn at least double the current permanent salary.
With IT professionals increasingly attracted to the financial rewards and flexibility ofconsultancy work, average staff turnover rates are estimated to be around 15%. While manycompanies in the financial services sector are managing to contain their losses by offering skilled ITstaff 'golden handcuffs' - deferred loyalty bonuses that tie them in until a certain date - otherorganisations, like local governments, are unable to
match the competitive salaries and perks onoffer in the private sector and contractor market, and are suffering turnover rates of up to 60% ayear.
But while loyalty bonuses have grabbed the headlines, there are other means of holding on tostaff. Some companies are doing additional IT pay reviews in the year and paying marketpremiums. But such measures can create serious employee relations problems among thoseexcluded, both within and outside IT departments. Many industry experts advise employers to linkbonuses to performance wherever possible. However, employers are realising that bonuses will onlysucceed if they are accompanied by other incentives such as attractive career prospects, training,and challenging work that meets the individual's long-term ambitions.
This means managers need to allocate assignments more strategically and think aboutadvancing their staff as well as their business. Some employers advocate giving key employeesprojects that would normally be handled by people with slightly more experience or capability. Formany employers, however, the urgency of the problem demands a more immediate solution, suchas recruiting skilled workers from overseas. But even this is not easy, with strict quotas on thenumber of work permits issued. In addition, opposition to the recruitment of IT people from othercountries is growing, as many professionals believe it will lead to even less investment in trainingand thus a long-term weakening of the UK skills base.
13 According to the first paragraph, the success of iT departments will depend on
A their success at retaining their skilled staff.
B the extent to which they invest in new technology.
C their attempts to recruit staff with the necessary skills.
D the ability of employees to keep up with the latest developments.
14 A problem referred to in the second paragraph is that
A the government needs to create thousands of new IT posts.
B the pool of skilled IT people will get even smaller in the future.
C company budgets for IT training have been decreasing steadily.
D older IT professionals have not had adequate training.
15 What possible solution to the long-term problems in the IT industry is referred to inthe third paragraph?
A ensure that permanent staff earn the same as contract staff
B expand company training programmes for new and old employees
C conduct more research into the reasons for staff leaving
D offer top rates to attract the best specialist consultants
16 In some businesses in the financial services sector, the IT staffing problem has led to
A cash promises for skilled staff after a specified period of time.
B more employees seeking alternative employment in the public sector.
C the loss of customers to rival organisations.
D more flexible conditions of work for their staff.
17 Employers accept that IT professionals are more likely to stay in their present post ifthey
A are set more realistic performance targets.
B have a good working relationship with staff in other departments.
C are provided with good opportunities for professional development.
D receive a remuneration package at top market rates.
18 According to the final paragraph, the UK skills base will be weakened by
A changes to managers' strategic thinking.
B insufficient responsibility being given to IT staff.
C the employment of IT staff with too little experience.
D the hiring of IT personnel from abroad.
商务英语中级考试高频词汇集锦1
1、绝对优势(Absolute advantage)
如果一个国家用一单位资源生产的某种产品比另一个国家多，那么，这个国家在这种产品的生产上与另一国相比就具有绝对优势。
2、逆向选择(Adversechoice)
在此状况下，保险公司发现它们的客户中有太大的一部分来自高风险群体。
3、选择成本(Alternative cost)
如果以最好的另一种方式使用的某种资源，它所能生产的价值就是选择成本，也可以称之为机会成本。
4、需求的弧弹性( Arc elasticityof demand)
如果P1和Q1分别是价格和需求量的初始值，P2 和Q2 为第二组值，那么，弧弹性就等于
-(Q1-Q2)(P1+P2)/(P1-P2)(Q1+Q2)
5、非对称的信息(Asymmetricinformation)
在某些市场中，每个参与者拥有的信息并不相同。例如，在旧车市场上，有关旧车质量的信息，卖者通常要比潜在的买者知道得多。
6、平均成本(Average cost)
平均成本是总成本除以产量。也称为平均总成本。
7、平均固定成本( Average fixed cost)
平均固定成本是总固定成本除以产量。
8、平均产品(Average product)
平均产品是总产量除以投入品的数量。
9、平均可变成本(Average variablecost)
平均可变成本是总可变成本除以产量。
10、投资的β(Beta)
β度量的是与投资相联的不可分散的风险。对于一种股票而言，它表示所有现行股票的收益发生变化时，一种股票的收益会如何敏感地变化。
11、债券收益(Bond yield)
债券收益是债券所获得的利率。
12、收支平衡图(Break-even chart)
收支平衡图表示一种产品所出售的总数量改变时总收益和总成本是如何变化的。收支平衡点是为避免损失而必须卖出的最小数量。
13、预算线(Budget line)
预算线表示消费者所能购买的商品X和商品Y的数量的全部组合。它的斜率等于商品X的价格除以商品Y的价格再乘以一1。
14、捆绑销售(Bundling)
捆绑销售指这样一种市场营销手段，出售两种产品的厂商，要求购买其中一种产品的客户，也要购买另一种产品。
商务英语中级考试高频词汇集锦2
compensate v. 补偿。酬报
短语compensate somebody for loss 赔偿某人损失
例Management compensated us for the time we worked.
资方补偿我们工作时间的报酬。
The company compensates her for extra work.
公司因她的额外工作而给她报酬。
compensation n. ①补偿，赔偿 ②酬金
短语in compensation for 以……为报酬/赔偿
make compensation for 补偿/赔偿……
compensation trade 补偿贸易
make compensation for somebody's losses 补偿某人的损失
例Equal compensation should be given to men and women for equal work.
男女应同工同酬。
The airline passenger demanded compensation for the loss of all her luggage.
该飞机乘客要求赔偿她所丢失的全部行李。
She was given $3,000- in compensation.
她获得3,00美元的赔偿金。
compete v. 比赛，竞争
短语compete with/against sb. for sth. 与某人竞争而获得某物
例Japan competed with other countries for world market.
日本与其他国家竞争国际市场。
competition n. 比赛，竞争
短语keep trade competition between 在……之间保持剧烈的贸易竞争
fair competition 公平竞争
horizontal competition 同业竞争
例The competition has cornered the market.
竞争对手已垄断了市场。
competitor n. 竞争者，对手
例Competitors in the book trade did their best to undercut each other's prices.
图书市场的竞争者们竞相压价。
This firm is one of our biggest competitors.
这家商行是我们最强的竞争对手之一。
商务英语中级考试高频词汇集锦3
1、自由资源(Free resource)
自由资源是指特别富裕以致在零价格就可以获得的资源。
2、一般均衡分析(General equilibrium analysis)
一般均衡分析是指(与局部均衡分析相反)把各种市场和价格的相互作用都考虑进去的分析。
3、吉芬反论(Giffen`s paradox)
吉芬反论是指商品的需求量与价格成正向关系这样一种状况。当劣质商品价格的替代效应并不足以抵消收人效应时就会发生这样的情况。
4、隐成本(Implicit cost)
使用企业所有者拥有的资源(诸如他的时间与资本)的选择成本就是隐成本。
5、收入补偿的需求曲线(Income-compensated demand curve)
收入补偿的需求曲线表示，当消费者的收入调整到不论价格如何都可以购买最初的市场篮子，这时在每一种价格下消费者所需求的商品的数量有多少。
6、收入--消费曲线(Income-consumption curve)
收入一消费曲线是把代表与全部可能的消费者货币收入相应的均衡市场篮子的点连接而成的一条曲线。这种曲线可以用于推导恩格尔曲线。
7、收入效应(Income effect)
收入效应是指，所有价格不变时完全由于消费者满足水平的变化所引起的商品X的需求量的改变。
8、需求的收入弹性(income elasticity of demand)
需求的收入弹性是指，当价格保持不变时消费者收入发生1%的变化时，所引起的需求数量变化的百分比。
9、成本递增的产业(Increasing-cost industry)
成本递增的行业是指具有向上倾斜的长期供给曲线的行业，它的扩大会引起投入品价格的上升。
10、规模收益递增(increasing returns to scale)
如果所有投入品的数量都以相同的百分数增加，并导致产量增加的百分数大于该百分数，就是规模收益递增的。
11、无差异曲线(Indifference curve)
无差异曲线表示对消费者没有区别的市场篮子的点的轨迹。
12、劣质商品(Inferior good)
劣质商品是指其收入效应使得实际收人增加导致需求量减少的商品。
13、创新(Innovation)
当一项发明第一次使用时，我们称之为创新。
14、投入品(Input)
生产过程中所使用的任何资源都是投入品。
15、利率(lnterest rate)
如果他借出1美元一年，一年后借出者收到的贴水为利率。如果利率为r，他一年后将收到(1+r)美元。
16、中间品(Intermediate good)
中间品是指用于生产其他商品和服务的产品。
17、内部收益率(Internal rate of return)
内部收益率是使一项投资项目的净现金流的现值等于项目投资支出的利率。
18、投资(Investment)
投资是指创造新资产的过程。
19、投资需求曲线(Investment demand curve)
投资需求曲线表示投资的总数量与额外1美元投资的收益率之间的关系。
20、等成本曲线(Isocost curve)
等成本曲线表示一个固定的总支出所能得到的各种投入品组合。
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