雅思阅读和托福阅读哪个难

楚薇分享 2020-07-15 17:33:04

雅思和托福考试中，都有听说读写的考试科目。那么对于阅读部分而言，到底是雅思阅读难，还是托福阅读难呢?具体的两部分的考察有什么区别呢?到底哪部分的难度更大呢?下面小编为大家整理了详细的内容，供大家参考!

雅思阅读和托福阅读哪个难?

雅思阅读词汇量要求6000，主要有8种题型：matching、multiple choice、list of headings、T/F/NG、summary、sentence completion、short answer、table。这8种题型我是按照由难至简的顺序排列的，matching不仅对词汇量要求是最高的，关键需要很强的语言理解能力和定位能力，而最简单的table题属于送分题，只要抓住定位词和考点词的同义替换，答案很明显。雅思阅读的文章长度平均每篇是900字以上，最多可至1500字左右，但是雅思阅读考查的核心并非让学生去阅读全文，没有那个时间，也没有必要，所有题目的本质就是同义替换，再加上一些基本的做题技巧，教授雅思阅读高分学员比托福阅读高分学员容易。

托福阅读词汇量要求8000，题型官方指南上是给出了十种：细节题、词汇题、指代题、反面信息题、句子插入题、句子简化题、推理题、修饰目的题、文章内容小结题和表格分类题。通过研究TPO真题1-19套，可以发现，托福阅读还包括作者观点题和段落结构题。从题型上看托福阅读比雅思阅读多出4种，但是托福阅读全部都是选择题，这一点中国学生更能适应，只要掌握最基本的一些做题技巧加上考点词汇的记忆，抓住文章主旨，按照8大考点(转折、比较、因果、对比、例证、列举、定义、特殊符号)分析句子逻辑，结合原文定位，排除干扰选项，不难得出答案。但是在实际的教学中，尤其是2010年，托福阅读比雅思阅读难出高分(25分以上)，原因在于两点：1)词汇量，尤其是考点词汇的同义替换。托福词汇考点有三种，一种是你认识的单词，选项也正好有跟该单词接近含义的选项，这种是最简单的;第二种是你不认识的单词，但是可以回原文根据5种猜词技巧猜该单词的大致含义，排除错误选项得出答案;第三种是你认识的单词，但是选项中没有接近含义的选项，实际上考察的是“熟悉的陌生人”，如project做动词表示预测，推断。例：TPO3 passage2 Depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer

It is projected that the remaining Ogallala water will,by the year 2030,support only 35 to 40 percent of the irrigated acreage in Texas that is supported in 1980.

这种词汇题学生的错误率会比较高，不过多做几遍，掌握规律了也不会特别难。2)粗心，托福阅读考察的主要是细节，一个转折词，一个否定，都可以改变答案的方向，在我的教学中，发现很多学生非常不善于抓住这些做题的细节，导致一些不该丢掉分丢掉了。

综上，如果词汇量不大不够善于抓细节的学生可以选择雅思，反之，选择托福会比较合适。

托福阅读TPO32第1篇:Plant Colonization

【1】Colonization is one way in which plants can change the ecology of a site. Colonization is a process with two components: invasion and survival. The rate at which a site is colonized by plants depends on both the rate at which individual organisms (seeds, spores, immature or mature individuals) arrive at the site and their success at becoming established and surviving. Success in colonization depends to a great extent on there being a site available for colonization—a safe site where disturbance by fire or by cutting down of trees has either removed competing species or reduced levels of competition and other negative interactions to a level at which the invading species can become established. For a given rate of invasion, colonization of a moist, fertile site is likely to be much more rapid than that of a dry, infertile site because of poor survival on the latter. A fertile, plowed field is rapidly invaded by a large variety of weeds, whereas a neighboring construction site from which the soil has beencompacted or removed to expose a coarse, infertile parent material may remain virtually free of vegetation for many months or even years despite receiving the same input of seeds as the plowed field.

【2】Both the rate of invasion and the rate of extinction vary greatly among different plant species. Pioneer species—those that occur only in the earliest stages of colonization—tend to have high rates of invasion because they produce very large numbers of reproductive propagules (seeds, spores, and so on) and because they have an efficient means of dispersal (normally, wind).

【3】If colonizers produce short-lived reproductive propagules, then they must produce very large numbers unless they have an efficient means of dispersal to suitable new habitats. Many plants depend on wind for dispersal and produce abundant quantities of small, relatively short-lived seeds to compensate for the fact that wind is not always a reliable means of reaching the appropriate type of habitat. Alternative strategies have evolved in some plants, such as those that produce fewer but larger seeds that are dispersed to suitable sites by birds or small mammals or those that produce long-lived seeds. Many forest plants seem to exhibit the latter adaptation, and viable seeds of pioneer species can be found in large numbers on some forest floors. For example, as many as 1,125 viable seeds per square meter were found in a 100-year-old Douglas fir/western hemlock forest in coastal British Columbia. Nearly all the seeds that had germinated from this seed bank were from pioneer species. The rapid colonization ofsuch sites after disturbance is undoubtedly in part a reflection of the large seed bank on the forest floor.

【4】An adaptation that is well developed in colonizing species is a high degree of variation in germination (the beginning of a seed's growth). Seeds of a given species exhibit a wide range of germination dates, increasing the probability that at least some of the seeds will germinate during a period of favorable environmental conditions. This is particularly important for species that colonize an environment where there is no existing vegetation to ameliorate climatic extremes and in which there may be great climatic diversity.

【5】Species succession in plant communities, i.e., the temporal sequence of appearance and disappearance of species is dependent on events occurring at different stages in the life history of a species. Variation in rates of invasion and growth plays an important role in determining patterns of succession, especially secondary succession. The species that are first to colonize a site are those that produce abundant seed that is distributed successfully to new sites. Such species generally grow rapidly and quickly dominate new sites, excluding other species with lower invasion and growth rates. The first community that occupies a disturbed area therefore may be composed of species with the highest rate of invasion, whereas the community of the subsequent stage may consist of plants with similar survival rates but lower invasion rates.

托福阅读TPO32题目第1篇:Plant Colonization

1.According to paragraph 1, how does disturbance of a site influence its colonization by a plant species?

A.Disturbance reduces or eliminates competition by other species.

B.Disturbance increases negative interactions with other organisms on the site.

C.Disturbance prevents a plant species from colonizing a new site.

D.Disturbance reduces the fertility of a site.

2.The word "virtually" in the passage (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to

A.almost totally.

B.unusually.

C.consistently.

D.unnaturally.

3.Why does the author mention a plowed field and a construction site in the passage?

A.To argue that sites that have been affected by human activity tend to be colonized slowly.

B.To illustrate the kind of sites that may be invaded by weeds.

C.To contrast sites in terms of their suitability for colonization.

D.To explain that exposing or compacting the soil results in successful colonization.

4.The word "despite"(paragraph 1) in the passage is closest in meaning to

A.without.

B.almost never.

C.even though.

D.perhaps.

5.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage (paragraph 2)? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A.The seeds of pioneer species are usually carried by the wind to fertile sites, where they reproduce very efficiently.

B.Pioneer species are successful invaders because they produce lots of seeds that are dispersed effectively.

C.Pioneer species produce their largest numbers of propagules during the earliest stages of their colonization.

D.Pioneer species reproduce very quickly and efficiently because they produce very large number of seeds.

6.What can be inferred from paragraph 3 about the reason that large seeds are dispersed by birds or small animals rather than by wind?

A.Large seeds are easier for birds and animals to see than are the small seeds dispersed by the wind.

B.Large seeds are too heavy for the wind to disperse.

C.Large seeds cannot be eaten by birds and animals.

D.Large seeds are short-lived and thus require a more efficient means of dispersal than small seeds do.

7.The phrase "the latter adaptation" in the passage (paragraph 3) refers to

A.producing fewer seeds.

B.producing larger seeds.

C.dispersal by birds and small mammals.

D.producing long-lived seeds.

8.The word "viable" in the passage (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to

A.able to survive.

B.individual.

C.large.

D.remaining.

9.The example of the 100-year-old Douglas fir/western hemlock forest in paragraph to illustrates which of the following ideas?

A.It is uncommon for older seed to germinate.

B.Pioneer species tend to prefer forest floors for colonization purposes.

C.Long-lived seeds of pioneer species can successfully germinate over long periods of time.

D.Coastal British Columbia is particularly suited for pioneer species to develop.

10.According to paragraph 4, how do plants manage to germinate in areas with great climatic diversity and climatic extremes?

A.By producing seeds only during favorable climatic conditions.

B.By generating large numbers of seeds.

C.By colonizing only those areas where other plants have survived.

D.By producing seeds that have a wide range of germination dates.

11.The word "abundant〃 in the passage (paragraph 5) is closest in meaning to

A.new.

B.improved.

C.suitable.

D.plentiful.

12.According to paragraph 5, which of the following determines the sequence in which plant species will colonize a site?

A.The extent of growth of a species on a prior site before it begins to colonize a secondary site.

B.The differences in invasion and growth rates across species.

C.The degree of fertility of a site.

D.The kind of disturbance that the site has undergone.

13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where does the sentence best fit? They require relatively little protection or nutrients.

Species succession in plant communities, i.e., the temporal sequence of appearance and disappearance of species is dependent on events occurring at different stages in the life history of a species.■【A】Variation in rates of invasion and growth plays an important role in determining patterns of succession, especially secondary succession.■【B】The species that are first to colonize a site are those that produce abundant seed that is distributed successfully to new sites.■【C】Such species generally grow rapidly and quickly dominate new sites, excluding other species with lower invasion and growth rates. The first community that occupies a disturbed area therefore may be composed of species with the highest rate of invasion, whereas the community of the subsequent stage may consist of plants with similar survival rates but lower invasion rates.■【D】

14. Prose Summary

The ecology of a site is changed through its colonization by new plants that arrive and grow there.

A.The species that first colonize a disturbed site are typically ones that produce a large number of efficiently dispersed seeds.

B.Plants that cannot successfully compete with other species can invade and colonize a site only if it is fertile and moist, such as a plowed field.

C.Pioneer species arrive at a site first but have lower survival rates than do species that arrive later.

D.Producing seeds that germinate at various times over long periods allows some plants to colonize sites that only occasionally present the right conditions for growth.

E.Large, long-lived seeds tend to result in large seed banks with short germination periods requiring favorable environmental conditions for development.

F.The successive appearance and disappearance of species on a site is a result of variation in species' rates of invasion, growth, and survival.

托福阅读TPO32答案第1篇:Plant Colonization

1.第1段第4句话，通过火灾和砍伐的干涉要么消除竞争对手要么降低竞争的强度。

2.virtually表示"实际上，几乎", 程度上对应almost totally。

3.第一段第5、6句话，肥沃的土地植物入侵的速度快，反之亦然。

4.despite 尽管，对应even though 尽管/即使。

5.原句强调了先锋物种入侵速度快的两个原因，一是能够产生大量可繁殖的种子，二是拥有有效的传播途径。原句和fertile sites没有关系，A错;C没有提到种子的繁殖力; D没有提到传播途径，只有B满足原句的条件。

6.第3段第2，3句：小种子通常靠风传播，大种子由鸟和动物实现传播。

7.the latter adaptation，后一种适应性，段落开头讲的是短命种子，所以后一种适应性是指长命种子。

8.viable，有生命力的，对应A。

9.该例子的前一句话为观点句, 例子是为了说明观点，即长命种子在森林地面上很繁荣。

10.该段的第1句话，发芽时间的变化。