托福阅读插入题解题技巧分析插入题如何做的又快又对

楚薇分享 2020-07-18 14:36:12

托福阅读插入题，也叫托福阅读句子插入题，出题位置为每篇阅读的倒数第二题。托福阅读插入题为阅读必考题，每篇阅读固定一题。大家一定要保证插入题的正确率，尽量不要在这道题上失分。一起来学习一下!

托福阅读插入题解题技巧分析插入题如何做的又快又对?

一. 弄懂文章段落

托福阅读插入题通常会给出一句话，让大家选择它在文章中的位置。所以，做好这类题目的前提是要将文章段落弄懂。如果文章理解上仍有困难，建议大家先返回去背单词。托福阅读涉及的生词要比其他三个版块多，所以大家在一开始接触托福阅读时往往会觉得不知所云，读完文章完全不理解文章的意思。这样的状态即便是熟练掌握了做题技巧也没有什么用，因为没有基础的技巧是没有用武之地的。

二. 句子代入文章

大家做托福阅读时，能在有限的时间内将文章理解的很透彻，做句子插入题就非常简单了。建议大家先读完文章段落，然后将给出的句子分别代入文章中四个空出的地方，然后看文章的意思是否连贯，行文结构是否通畅。如果插入句子之后发现将文章原本连贯的意思被拆散，或者显得十分突兀，肯定是不行的。句子插入后，阅读文章应该变的更为完整连贯，前后衔接更为恰当合理。所以，代入法做这类题目是最为基本也是最能确保正确率的方法。

三. 掌握做题技巧

上文中提到做这里题目一般都会使用代入法，但是在使用代入法的时候也有一些解题技巧，这些技巧可以帮助大家更快地找到句子插入的最佳位置。如果插入题有一个空格在段落的结尾，要优先考虑代入，因为在断尾插入一句话对整段文章不会产生很大影响。相反，如果空格出现在段首，这个空格要留到最后代入，因为段首一般是整段的中心，如果缺失一句话，文章本身会显得奇怪，所以这里缺失句子的可能性最低。这两类是大家在做题的时候一定要注意的，其他还有一些稍欠实用的技巧，比如空格后出现代词，不优先考虑，空格后出现转折因果或递进，不优先选择……这类题目的做题技巧有很多，但是这些技巧的实用性仍有待考证。大家在平时做题的时候也可以自己总结规律，根据规律多做尝试，多刷题，以后遇到此类题目就能做的又快又对。

托福阅读文章这类题材怎么应对

在托福阅读学术性文章中，一般需要具备三个组成部分：

(1)Topic 话题：即文章的主角是什么。比如讲解某个科学理论、研究某种社会现象，探讨某个历史事件;

在托福文章中，这种导入性信息往往出现在篇首位置。考生可以根据篇首段信息对整篇文章所要讨论的核心内容有所了解;

(2)Aspects 方面：即将篇首的话题延伸拓展为若干个方面进行阐述说明。若话题为某个科学论点，则方面可能分为若干个支持论据;若话题为某种自然现象，则方面可能分为若干个内外成因;若话题为某个历史事件，则方面为几段发展时期;

在这种托福阅读题材中，往往依照各个方面之间的层次关系，将各个方面拆分为若干个独立的自然段落，共同组成行文主体;

(3)Attitude态度：即文章的作者对于所讨论话题持怎样的态度。或是积极肯定，或是消极否定，或是保持中立。

在托福文章中，态度往往是被较多的淡化甚至有可能省略不提。

Topic话题 + Aspects方面 + Attitude态度，这三要素加起来就是标准学术论文体的"T+A+A篇章结构"。托福文章大都遵循这种结构，考生通过篇首段落信息来把控整个文章话题及大致讨论方向，再抓住文章的各个段落主旨，便可洞悉整个文章脉络和逻辑结构。

托福阅读学术性文章的段落结构

托福阅读学术性文章的自然段落，一般需要具备两个组成部分：

(1) Topic Sentence 主旨句：表达段落的主旨，即本段想要表达的核心内容是什么;

(2) Detail 细节：为了详细说明段落中心含义，所罗列的相关支持内容，即本段通过哪些例证来阐明主旨句。

Topic Sentence主旨句 + Detail细节，这两个要素加起来就是标准学术论文体的"TS+D段落结构"。托福文章段落大都遵循这种结构，考生通过段落主旨句就可以把握该段的中心含义。

总结：当考生们了解了这种TAA篇章结构和TS+D段落结构的行文规律后，对文章框架的把握就会做到心里有数，更有利于提高托福阅读速度和定位有效信息的准确度。

托福阅读真题1

Biological diversity has become widely recognized as a critical conservation issue only in the past two decades. The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests, which are the ecosystems with the highest known species diversity on Earth, has awakened people to the importance and fragility of biological diversity. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is jolting, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems. As the human population continues to expand, it will negatively affect one after another of Earth's ecosystems. In terrestrial ecosystems and in fringe marine ecosystems (such as wetlands), the most common problem is habitat destruction. In most situations, the result is irreversible. Now humans are beginning to destroy marine ecosystems through other types of activities, such as disposal and run off of poisonous waste; in less than two centuries, by significantly reducing the variety of species on Earth, they have unraveled cons of evolution and irrevocably redirected its course.

Certainly, there have been periods in Earth's history when mass extinctions have occurred. The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by some physical event, either climatic or cosmic. There have also been less dramatic extinctions, as when natural competition between species reached an extreme conclusion. Only .01 percent of the species that have lived on Earth have survived to the present, and it was largely chance that determined which species survived and which died out.

However, nothing has ever equaled the magnitude and speed with which the human species is altering the physical and chemical world and demolishing the environment. In fact, there is wide agreement that it is the rate of change humans are inflicting, even more than the changes themselves, that will lead to biological devastation. Life on Earth has continually been in flux as slow physical and chemical changes have occurred on Earth, but life needs time to adapt — time for migration and genetic adaptation within existing species and time for the proliferation of new genetic material and new species that may be able to survive in new environments.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The causes of the extinction of the dinosaur

(B) The variety of species found in tropical rain forests.

(D) The time required for species to adapt to new environments

2. The word critical in line 1 is closest in meaning to

(A) negative

(B) essential

(D) complicated

3. The word jolting in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) predicted

(B) shocking

(D) illuminating

4. The author mentions the reduction of the variety of species on Earth in line 12 to suggest that

(A) new habitats can be created for species

(B) humans are often made ill by polluted water

(D) an understanding of evolution can prevent certain species from disappearing

5. The author mentions all of the following as examples of the effect of humans oil the world's

ecosystems EXCEPT

(A) destruction of the tropical rain forests

(B) habitat destruction in wetlands

(D) the introduction of new varieties of plant species

6. The author mentions the extinction of the dinosaurs in the second paragraph to emphasize

that

(A) the cause of the dinosaurs extinction is unknown

(B) Earth's climate has changed significantly since the dinosaurs' extinction,

(D) actions by humans could not stop the irreversible process of a species' extinction

7. The word magnitude in line 20 is closest in meaning to

(A) concern

(B) determination

(D) extent

8. According to the passage , natural evolutionary change is different from changes caused by

humans in that changes caused by humans

(A) are occurring at a much faster rate

(B) are less devastating to most species

(D) are reversible

9. With which of the following statements would the author be most likely to agree?

(A) Human influence on ecosystems should not be a factor in determining public policy.

(B) The extinction of a few species is an acceptable consequence of human progress.

(D) Humans should be more conscious of the influence they have on ecosystems

PASSAGE 41 CBBCD CDAD

托福阅读真题2

Railroads reshaped the North American environment and reoriented North American behavior. In a quarter of a century, claimed the Omaha Daily Republican in 1883, they have made the people of the United States homogeneous, breaking through the peculiarities and provincialisms which marked separate and unmingling sections.

The railroad simultaneously stripped the landscape of the natural resources, made velocity of transport and economy of scale necessary parts of industrial production, and carried consumer goods to households; it dispatched immigrants to unsettled places, drew emigrants away from farms and villages to cities, and sent men and guns to battle. It standardized time and travel, seeking to annihilate distance and space by allowing movement at any time and in any season or type of weather. In its grand and impressive terminals and stations, architects recreated historic Roman temples and public baths, French chateaus and Italian bell towers — edifices that people used as stages for many of everyday life's high emotions: meeting and parting, waiting and worrying, planning new starts or coming home.

Passenger terminals, like the luxury express trains that hurled people over spots, spotlight the romance of railroading. (The twentieth-Century Limited sped between Chicago and New York in twenty hours by 1915). Equally important to everyday life were the slow freight trans chugging through industrial zones, the morning and evening commuter locals shuttling back ions and urban terminals, and the incessant comings and goings that occurred in the classifications, or switching, yards. Moreover, in addition to its being a transportation pathway equipped with a mammoth physical plant of tracks signals, crossings, bridges, and junctions, plus telegraph and telephone lines the railroad nurtured factory complexes, coat piles, warehouses, and generating stations, forming along its right-of-way what has aptly been called the metropolitan corridor of the American landscape.

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The influence of ancient architecture on the design of railroad terminals

(B) The importance of natural resources in the development of railroads

(D) Technological improvements in the area of communication in the nineteenth century

2. It can be inferred from the quote from the Omaha Daily Republican (line 2-4) that railroads

(A) made all sections of the nation much wealthier

(B) brought more unity to what had been a fragmented nation

(D) had no effect on the environment of the United States

3. The word it in line 7 refers to

(A) transport

(B) scale

(D) railroad