托福阅读时间分配和阅读步骤

楚薇分享 2020-06-24 16:35:29

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，学习啦为大家带来托福阅读时间分配以及阅读步骤，希望对大家托福备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注学习啦!

托福阅读时间分配以及阅读步骤

托福阅读包含3篇阅读，每篇阅读的时间为20分钟。建议是每篇文章，无论难易，都用17分钟做完，剩下的9分钟一律补充到较难的文章中去。如何补充呢?大家可以在做题的过程中一边做题一边将难题记录下来，最后的9分钟用来检查或者重做这些难题。

托福阅读这些部分应该详读

刚才建议大家一篇文章用17分钟做完，这个时间包含了全文阅读的时间和做题的时间，比较合理的安排是3-4分钟用来阅读，剩下的时间用来做题。3-4分钟是无法将整篇文章逐字逐句地进行阅读的，所以一定要掌握方法，有些部分要详读，有些部分要略读。而不管详略，主要的目的是为了读出文章的结构和讨论的主要内容。下面讲讲详读的具体步骤。

1 读标题

文章的标题能透露不少的信息，在看到文章的标题后对全文的结构可以进行一个预测。比如说Applied Arts and Fine Arts，这个标题很明显是对比类型的标题，文章中应该会有两个讨论对象，而且是分类进行阐述的。

2 读主题句

有一个很好的技巧就是直接从最后一题中寻找线索，因为最后一道往往是文章小结题或者填表题，最后一题能很快帮助你锁定文章讨论的对象甚至结构。然后还可以从文章的首位句群中寻找主题句，记住，是句群而不是段落。因为有的主题句并不在第一段，具体的寻找方法在课内可以跟学员们分享。

3 读段落的首位句群

我们一般要读的是段落开头的两句和结尾的一句，要特别留心开头部分的转折词。

托福阅读可以略读的部分一览

为了将更多的时间用于详读部分，我们必然要对文章其他部分进行略读。下面这些部分是要略读的部分。

1.重复与进一步解释的内容;

2.完全相反的情形;

3.具体的原理和过程;

4.目的已知的例子和引入;

5.重心在后面，前面略读。

提升阅读效率画逻辑结构图

在进行完前面两步后，对于文章的结构和主要内容都会有比较好的把握，笔者建议学生可以在平时的练习中将文章的逻辑结构画出来，经过这样的练习，阅读的理解能力肯定会有提升。

托福阅读真题练习：岩石

托福阅读文本：

Any rock that has cooled and solidified from a molten state is an igneous rock. Therefore, if the Earth began as a superheated sphere in space, all the rocks making up its crust may well have been igneous and thus the ancestors of all other rocks. Even today, approximately 95 percent of the entire crust is igneous. Periodically, molten material wells out of the Earth's interior to invade the surface layers or to flow onto the surface itself. This material cools into a wide variety of igneous rocks. In the molten state, it is called magma as it pushes into the crust and lava when it runs out onto the surface.

All magma consists basically of a variety of silicate minerals (high in silicon-oxygen compounds), but the chemical composition of any given flow may differ radically from that of any other. The resulting igneous rocks will reflect these differences. Igneous rocks also vary in texture as well as chemistry. Granite, for instance, is a coarse-grained igneous rock whose individual mineral crystals have formed to a size easily seen by the naked eye. A slow rate of cooling has allowed the crystals to reach this size. Normally, slow cooling occurs when the crust is invaded by magma that remains buried well below the surface. Granite may be found on the surface of the contemporary landscape, but from its coarse texture we know that it must have formed through slow cooling at a great depth and later been laid bare by erosion. Igneous rocks with this coarse-grained texture that formed at depth are called plutonic.

On the other hand, if the same magma flows onto the surface and is quickly cooled by the atmosphere, the resulting rock will be fine-grained and appear quite different from granite, although the chemical composition will be identical. This kind of rock is called rhyolite. The most finely grained igneous rock is volcanic glass or obsidian, which has no crystals. Some researchers believe this is because of rapid cooling; others believe it is because of a lack of water vapor and other gases in the lava. The black obsidian cliffs of Yellowstone National Park are the result of a lava flow of basalt running head on into a glacier. Some of the glacier melted on contact, but suddenly there also appeared a huge black mass of glassy stone.

托福阅读题目：

1. In the first paragraph, the author mentions that 95% of the Earth's crust is composed of igneous rock to support the idea that

(A) the Earth began as a molten mass

(B) a thin layer of magma flows beneath the Earth's crust

(D) igneous rock is continually being formed

2. The word "invade" in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) move into

(B) neutralize

(D) deposit

3. The word "contemporary" in line 15 is closest in meaning to

(A) vast

(B) natural

(D) uneven

4. The word "it" in line 16 refers to

(A) granite

(B) surface

(D) texture

5. Granite that has been found above ground has been

(A) pushed up from below the crust by magma

(B) produced during a volcanic explosion

(D) pushed up by the natural shifting of the Earth

6. Which of the following is produced when magma cools rapidly?

(A) granite

(B) plutonic rock

(D) mineral crystals

7. The word "finely" in line 22 is closest in meaning to

(A) minutely

(B) loosely

(D) purely

8. Which of the following is another name for volcanic glass?

(A) Plutonic rock

(B) Crystal

(D) Obsidian

托福阅读答案：

AACAC CAD

托福阅读真题练习：植物生长

托福阅读文本：

Plants are subject to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential colonists. These can be divided into preformed or passive defense mechanisms and inducible or active systems.

Passive plant defense comprises physical and chemical barriers that prevent entry of pathogens,such as bacteria, or render tissues unpalatable or toxic to the invader. The external surfaces of plants, in addition to being covered by an epidermis and a waxy cuticle, often carry spiky hairs known as trichomes, which either prevent feeding by insects or may even puncture and kill insect larvae. Other trichomes are sticky and glandular and effectively trap and immobilize insects.

If the physical barriers of the plant are breached, then preformed chemicals may inhibit or kill the intruder, and plant tissues contain a diverse array of toxic or potentially toxic substances, such as resins, tannins, glycosides, and alkaloids, many of which are highly effective deterrents to insects that feed on plants. The success of the Colorado beetle in infesting potatoes, for example,seems to be correlated with its high tolerance to alkaloids that normally repel potential pests.

Other possible chemical defenses, while not directly toxic to the parasite, may inhibit some essential step in the establishment of a parasitic relationship. For example, glycoproteins in plant cell walls may inactivate enzymes that degrade cell walls. These enzymes are often produced by bacteria and fungi.

Active plant defense mechanisms are comparable to the immune system of vertebrate animals,although the cellular and molecular bases are fundamentally different. Both, however, are triggered in reaction to intrusion, implying that the host has some means of recognizing the presence of a foreign organism. The most dramatic example of an inducible plant defense reaction is the hypersensitive response. In the hypersensitive response, cells undergo rapid necrosis — that is, they become diseased and die — after being penetrated by a parasite; the parasite itself subsequently ceases to grow and is therefore restricted to one or a few cells around the entry site.

Several theories have been put forward to explain the basis of hypersensitive resistance.

托福阅读题目：

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) The success of parasites in resisting plant defense mechanisms

(B) Theories on active plant defense mechanisms

(D) How the immune system of animals and the defense mechanisms of plants differ

2. The phrase "subject to" in line 1 is closest in meaning to

(A) susceptible to

(B) classified by

(D) strengthened by

3. The word "puncture" in line 8 is closest in meaning to

(A) pierce