详细对比托福阅读比雅思阅读

楚薇2分享 2024-01-30 10:13:33

很多人在横向对比这两个考试的时候，认为托福比雅思更难更学术。比如，除了阅读，托福的口语和写作也都包含听力环节，对大家的听力水平提出了更高要求。然鹅!唯有阅读这个部分，有人说雅思比托福难。此话当真?下面我们就来详细对比一下托福和雅思的阅读考试。

托福阅读比雅思阅读简单?详细对比

托福阅读VS雅思阅读
	托福	雅思
时间	54分钟（不含加试的情况）	60分钟
题目数量	3篇文章每篇10题一共30题	3篇文章每篇13-14题一共40题
文章长度	700词左右/篇	800-1000词/篇
题型	单项选择题、多项选择题（6选3、7选5等）	选择题、填空题（形式多样）、判断正误题、标题匹配题、段落匹配题、信息匹配题、简答题等
文章来源	由ETS考试中心根据学术材料撰写改编，市面上没有	选自报刊、杂志、书籍、学术期刊的真实文本
题材	学术文章	题材广泛

根据总结，相比雅思，托福阅读呈现以下特点：

No.1 托福阅读题目考查更直观

托福基本所有题目均为ABCD形式的选择题，只不过题目内部考查的侧重点不同。而雅思阅读的题型较多，不同的题型需要学生有不同的应考策略。

比如，雅思有一类判断正误题，要求考生除了判断某个论述正确、错误还是NOT GIVEN(未提及)。这就很容易让过度推断的人被套路，通过文章的一些蛛丝马迹进行了判断，但其实文章并没有直接的内容证据提供支持。

No.2 托福阅读文章更强调学术性

正如上表所总结的，托福文章都是由出题人从学术研究中总结凝练改编而来，所以文章相对来说比较枯燥，语言很学术化，不生活化。而雅思的文章广度上更大，有杂志文章、书籍文章也有学术期刊文章，可读性明显要高很多。

也正因如此，托福文章的模式化程度更高，比如习惯在首段指明文章大意，每段段首句子写明段落大意。大家在答题时似乎也更有“套路”可寻。

那么，怎么判断托福和雅思哪个考试的阅读更难呢?韩冰老师通过蓝思指数(对文本复杂度进行衡量的工具)对比了雅思剑14的12篇文章和托福TPO59-62的12篇文章。

从结果来看，托福和雅思的阅读文章的蓝思指数综合平均值均为1290左右，相当于美国高中10-11年级(高一高二)的文本阅读难度;平均句长是21个单词;对考生的词汇量要求也十分相近。

唯有在文章长度上，雅思明显难于托福。雅思文章平均达到了862词，而托福稳定在700词左右。但考虑到托福考生是对着屏幕阅读，会降低大家的阅读速度，所以两者的文本阅读难度其实是差不多的。

托福雅思阅读分数换算
托福	雅思
30	9
29	8-8.5
27-28	7.5
24-26	7
19-23 （中国考生平均21）	6.5
13-18	（中国考生平均6.15） 6
8-12	5.5
4-7	5
3	4.5
0-2	0-4

根据ETS发布的《2018全球托福成绩报告》，中国大陆托福考生托福平均分为80分，其中托福阅读为21分。而《2018中国大陆地区雅思考生学术表现白皮书》显示，中国大陆地区雅思考生平均分为5.72分，其中雅思阅读平均分为6.15分。

托福阅读真题练习：篮球制作

托福阅读文本：

The Native Americans of northern California were highly skilled at basketry, using the reeds,grasses, barks, and roots they found around them to fashion articles of all sorts and sizes — not only trays, containers, and cooking pots, but hats, boats, fish traps, baby carriers, and ceremonial objects.

Of all these experts, none excelled the Pomo — a group who lived on or near the coast during the 1800's, and whose descendants continue to live in parts of the same region to this day. They made baskets three feet in diameter and others no bigger than a thimble. The Pomo people were masters of decoration. Some of their baskets were completely covered with shell pendants; others with feathers that made the baskets' surfaces as soft as the breasts of birds. Moreover, the Pomo people made use of more weaving techniques than did their neighbors. Most groups made all their basketwork by twining — the twisting of a flexible horizontal material, called a weft, around stiffer vertical strands of material, the warp. Others depended primarily on coiling — a process in which a continuous coil of stiff material is held in the desired shape with tight wrapping of flexible strands. Only the Pomo people used both processes with equal ease and frequency. In addition, they made use of four distinct variations on the basic twining process, often employing more than one of them in a single article.

Although a wide variety of materials was available, the Pomo people used only a few. The warp was always made of willow, and the most commonly used weft was sedge root, a woody fiber that could easily be separated into strands no thicker than a thread. For color, the Pomo people used the bark of redbud for their twined work and dyed bullrush root for black in coiled work. Though other materials were sometimes used, these four were the staples in their finest basketry.

If the basketry materials used by the Pomo people were limited, the designs were amazingly varied. Every Pomo basketmaker knew how to produce from fifteen to twenty distinct patterns that could be combined in a number of different ways.

托福阅读题目：

1. What best distinguished Pomo baskets

from baskets of other groups?

(A) The range of sizes, shapes, and designs

(B) The unusual geometric

(D) The rare materials used

2. The word "fashion" in line 2 is closest in meaning to

(A) maintain

(B) organize

(D) create

3. The Pomo people used each of the following materials to decorate baskets EXCEPT

(A) shells

(B) feathers

(D) bark

4. What is the author's main point in the second paragraph?

(A) The neighbors of the Pomo people tried to improve on the Pomo basket weaving techniques.

(B) The Pomo people were the most skilled basket weavers in their region.

(D) The Pomo baskets have been handed down for generations.

5. The word "others " in line 9 refers to

(A) masters

(B) baskets

(D) surfaces

6.According to the passage , a weft is a

(A) tool for separating sedge root

(B) process used for coloring baskets

(D) pattern used to decorate baskets

7.According to the passage , what did the Pomo people use as the warp in their baskets?

(A) bullrush

(B) willow

(D) redbud

8. The word "article" in line 17 is close in meaning to

(A) decoration

(B) shape

(D) object

9. According to the passage . The relationship between redbud and twining is most similar to the

relationship between

(A) bullrush and coiling

(B) weft and warp

(D) sedge and weaving

10. The word "staples" in line 23 is closest in meaning to

(A) combinations

(B) limitations

(D) basic elements

11. The word "distinct" in lime 26 is closest in meaning to

(A) systematic

(B) beautiful

(D) compatible

12. Which of the following statements about Pomo baskets can be best inferred from the passage ?

(A) Baskets produced by other Native Americans were less varied in design than those of the

Pomo people.

(B) Baskets produced by Pomo weavers were primarily for ceremonial purposes.

(D) The basketmaking production of the Pomo people has increased over the years.

托福阅读答案：

BDCBB CBDAD CA

托福阅读真题练习：水形成

托福阅读文本：

The geology of the Earth's surface is dominated by the particular properties of water. Present on Earth in solid, liquid, and gaseous states, water is exceptionally reactive. It dissolves, transports,and precipitates many chemical compounds and is constantly modifying the face of the Earth.

Evaporated from the oceans, water vapor forms clouds, some of which are transported by wind over the continents. Condensation from the clouds provides the essential agent of continental erosion: rain. Precipitated onto the ground, the water trickles down to form brooks, streams, and rivers, constituting what are called the hydrographic network. This immense polarized network channels the water toward a single receptacle: an ocean. Gravity dominates this entire step in the cycle because water tends to minimize its potential energy by running from high altitudes toward the reference point, that is, sea level.

The rate at which a molecule of water passes though the cycle is not random but is a measure of the relative size of the various reservoirs. If we define residence time as the average time for a water molecule to pass through one of the three reservoirs — atmosphere, continent, and ocean — we see that the times are very different. A water molecule stays, on average, eleven days in the atmosphere, one hundred years on a continent and forty thousand years in the ocean. This last figure shows the importance of the ocean as the principal reservoir of the hydrosphere but also the rapidity of water transport on the continents.

A vast chemical separation process takes places during the flow of water over the continents. Soluble ions such as calcium, sodium, potassium, and some magnesium are dissolved and transported. Insoluble ions such as aluminum, iron, and silicon stay where they are and form the thin, fertile skin of soil on which vegetation can grow. Sometimes soils are destroyed and transported mechanically during flooding. The erosion of the continents thus results from two closely linked and interdependent processes, chemical erosion and mechanical erosion. Their respective interactions and efficiency depend on different factors.

托福阅读题目：

1. The word "modifying" in line 4 is closest in meaning to

(A) changing

(B) traveling

(D) destroying

2. The word "which" in line 5 refers to

(A) clouds

(B) oceans

(D) compounds

3.According to the passage , clouds are primarily formed by water

(A) precipitating onto the ground

(B) changing from a solid to a liquid state