教你突破托福阅读推理题
推理题是托福阅读的一种题型，下面小编教你如何搞定它。
托福阅读推理题如何解答
阅读推理题一般可以分为三种：
1、一般对比推理：根据两个事情的对比特征，问其中一个事物的特征，只要将与之形成对比的另外一个事情的特征否定掉就可以。
2、时间对比推理：也就是有两个形成对比的时间段，它们所具有的特征一般相反。当题干问一个时间段的特征时，只要将与之相反的时间段的特征否定掉就可以了。
3、集合概念推理：一个大的集合的两个方面形成对比，两者之间存在着互补性关系，也就是一个的增加意味着另一个的减少。反之，相同。这个比较抽象，我们来看一个例子：
例如：Both the number and the percentage of people in the United States involvedinnonagricultural pursuits expanded rapidly during the half century following the civil war，withsome of the most dramatic increases occurring in the domains of transportation，manufacturing， and trade and distribution.
What can be inferred from the passage about the agricultural sector of the economyafterthe Civil War?
(A) New technological developments had little effect on farmers.
(B) The percentage of the total population working in agriculture declined.
(C) Many farms destroyed in the war were rebuilt after the war.
(D) Farmers achieved new prosperity because of better rural transportation.
文中指出：非农业人口的数量和比例都增加了。由此可知农业人口的数量和比例下降，所以(B)为正确答案。
再看完以上的例子后，相信大家可以对推理题目有了大概的认识。建议大家可以在做托福阅读时，对推理题多加留意，加以使用解题方法，看看能否帮助大家来应对题目的完成。
托福阅读：推理题例题解题方法
托福阅读考试是托福考试当中的第一个部分，托福阅读题型包括词汇题，指代题，句子简化题，句子插入题，细节题，否定信息题，推理题，作者目的题，小结题和图表填空题。
本期主要给大家介绍一下托福推理题以及它的解题方法。
托福阅读题型：推理题例题解题方法：
. Inference questions 推理题
推理题的标志是在题干中出现infer/imply/suggest/indicate/most likely 这样的词汇，它和细节题属于同源题目，都需要定位并且根据文中信息来选择答案。与细节题不同的是，推理题在找到原文中定位点之后考察的是学生对于文中信息的总结概括，或者反向推理的能力。我们来看一道例题，
It should be obvious that cetaceans-whales, porpoises, and dolphins-are mammals. They breathe through lungs, not through gills, and give birth to live young. Their streamlined bodies, the absence of hind legs, and the presence of a fluke3 and blowhole4 cannot disguise their affinities with land-dwelling mammals. However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like. Extinct but, already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record. How was the gap between a walking mammal and a swimming whale bridged? Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about early sea otters?
○It is not difficult to imagine what they looked like
○There were great numbers of them.
○They lived in the sea only.
○They did not leave many fossil remains.
首先我们来对题目的出题范围进行定位，题干的blowhole可以作为定位词汇，定位到原文的第四句话：“However, unlike the cases of sea otters and pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, and walruses, whose limbs are functional both on land and at sea), it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.”在这句话里交代了“unlike the casess of sea otters”，即与sea otters不一样的是，whales的陈述是：it is not easy to envision what the first whales looked like.即，不容易看出第一头鲸长什么样子。而sea ottter是和鲸鱼相反，所以选择A选项，即不难看出第一头sea otter长什么样子。所以实际上，这种题目虽然叫做推理题，但是并不需要同学们在做题的时候推的过远，基本考察的还是对原文信息概括和总结的能力。
托福阅读题型之推理题的解题方法你了解了吗?我相信这次举例说明多多少少都能够帮助到你。最后希望大家能够好好的复习托福阅读，做好新托福考试当中的第一部分。
托福阅读推断题总结
推论题(Inference)：文章中有些论点/观点没有明确阐述，但却强烈暗示出来了。例如，文章论述的结果引出了，推论题就可能就造成结果的起因提问。如果文中有比较，推论题就可能问做比较的基础是什么。如果文中有对某一新现象的明确阐述，推论题就可能要求推论旧现象的特征。推论题虽然是传统题型，但难度很大，需要考生花大功夫准备。
例题：Passage：…The nineteenth century brought with it a burst of new discoveries and inventions that revolutionized the candle industry and made lighting available to all. In the early-to-mid-nineteenth century， a process was developed to refine tallow (fat from animals) with alkali and sulfuric acid. The result was a product called stearin. Stearin is harder and burns longer than unrefined tallow. This breakthrough meant that it was possible to make tallow candles that would not produce the usual smoke and rancid odor. Stearins were also derived from palm oils， so vegetable waxes as well as animal fats could be used to make candles…
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about candles before the nineteenth century?
a)They did not smoke when they were burned.
b)They produced a pleasant odor as they burned.
c)They were not available to all.
d)They contained sulfuric acid.
正确答案是C.这一段的第一句就告诉我们：19世纪的一些新发明和发现也对蜡烛工业产生了一次巨大的革命，这次革命使得所有的人都使用上了照明。从这句话中我们可以得到两层信息：19世纪蜡烛工业有了一次革命性的变化;在没有这次变革之前，也就是在19世纪以前，照明并不是所有人都能使用的。因为作者在谈论的是蜡烛的变革，所以这里所说的“lighting照明”一定是与蜡烛有关的照明，其实也就是告诉我们19世纪以前并不是所有人都能够使用到蜡烛带来的照明，这一推论出的信息正好与选项C吻合。
文章第一句同时也是一个时间的分水岭，告诉我们19世纪蜡烛工业的变革是怎么样的。“在19世纪早期到中期，蜡烛处理工艺使用alkali和sulfuric acid来提炼tallow，提炼后的产品就是stearin，stearin比未经提炼的tallow坚硬而且燃烧得更久。这一巨大的变化意味着制造出不产生烟和rancid味道的蜡烛是可能的。”在这里的一个关键词是rancid，意思是(油脂食物，其味道、气味)不新鲜的;腐臭的;正好与选项b的pleasant odor相反。19世纪前的蜡烛产生usual smoke(经常有烟)，这与选项a相反。Sulfuric acid是19世纪用来处理fallow的材料，在19世纪以前是没有使用的，这与选项d相反。
以上是新托福阅读中推论题的全方位解析，考生们在备考托福阅读时要养成“边读边记”的习惯，会让阅读效率大大提高。最后小编祝大家考试顺利!
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