英语常见副词用法详解(7)
副词前若有how与它构成感叹句，则副词必须放在主语前面：
How beautifully she sings!How quickly he runs!
下面这些副词称为连接副词，通常放在主语前，可以看作一种并列连词：besides， also， then， likewise， moreover， again，in addition，nap，what is more;only，still，all the same，however，nevertheless，and yet，howbeit，con versely，on the contrary，on the other hand;therefore， hence，so，thus，consequently，accordingly，then，in consequence，as a result;otherwise， else(可参阅 1668a))：
It may sound strange;however，it is true.He always wears a red shirt;hence he is so nicknamed. He is poor; besides，he has a large family.Now he cried;then he laughed.He liked gambling;as a result he became a good- for-nothing.
下面这些词，特别是放在主语前面时，修饰整个句子：fortunately，luckily，unluckily(for him)，happily， tragically;clearly，indisputable;essentially，characteristically;similarly;incidently，inevitably，naturally， normally;curiously，interestingly，miraculously，ironically，surprisingly，unexpectedly;personally，honestly， frankly;geographically，militarily，politically，culturally;namely;firstly，finally，lastly;as for me，as to your proposal;by the way;for instance，for example; first of all，in the first place;to my thinking;at any rate，in any case，in short， in brief， in fine，in conclusion，in a word，in one word，in other words; in plain English，in plain words;oddly enough.
Interestingly，the eye is like a camera. Hands manipulate tools;more important，they create civilization.Unfortunately he dies of tuberculosis.Personally，I do not like his manner of speaking.Geographically，Laos is a small country.As for my school，English is the main subject.In a word，this is not an easy job.
b)用在主要动词前或助动词后。a)中所列连接副词及修饰整个句子的副词及短语可用在口语中，前后有停顿，在书面语中前后有逗号，当这种副词及短语较不重要时，可用于这个位置：
My brother，besides，knows five languages.Most people， naturally，like peace.Japan and China，historically， belong to the same group.John and Mary，likewise， can help us.This，however，will simplify matters.
This will，however，simplify matters.They must，accordingly，inspect the spot of the murder.Most people will，of course，see through his trick.Many passengers have，luckily，been saved.
可用在主要动词前或助动词后，特别是认为这个主要动词比副词(短语)更重要，或是后面跟有一个较长的修饰语或宾语时。这种副词很多，如 bravely，quietly，凡所有以-ly结尾的副词都可以这样用，这种短语也很多：
He ardently desired it.He deeply regretted his past.
He slowly walked down the street with his son.He promptly answered the letter.He has anxiously inquired for his brother，who suddenly disappeared years ago.
The clown，with no warning，jumped from behind the sofa.John，like every other child，is fond of sweets and fruit.The woman，with tears in her eyes，left her husband.(这种短语前后都要加逗号)
He had，by mistake，thrown it away.It may，for convenience，be left here.Any boy can，under a suit- able condition， grow into a great man. He has，in a fit of anger，killed a steadfast and trusted friend.
c)在多数情况下都用在谓语后面。大多数方式副词及短语都可以或必须放在这个位置：
He spoke naturally(= unaffectedly). [Cf.Naturally (=Of course)he knows.]He looked in curiously.He looked at the boy smilingly.He ran away fearfully.
The work has been done carefully(or，has been carefully done).Please hold it tightly.
They revolted against the unjust measure.You can do it at your pleasure.He sold it for seven dollars.He distributed the property among his sons.He would have gone out but for rain.The engine goes by steam.We drank liquor by the gallon.Prepare for the worst.He translates the article word by word.We started for Hong Kong.We cannot refrain from tears.He was taken aback on being told about this.
He stood there，hat in hand(or cigar in mouth， gun on shoulder). He came home with face clouded( or with smiling face，with beating heart，with bent head).(这种短语中的名词前不加冠词)
He looked my way.He travelled third-class.(用名词作状语)
It costs ten dollars， weighs 30 kilograms.I bought it (for)five dollars，(at)five dollars a pound.(表示数量的名词可以用作状语)
His heart went thump.The door went bang.The house fell crash down.She hit him smack in the face.(可和a)类句子比较)
d)下面例句表明了一类方式副词(短语)的用法及位置，这类副词(短语)表示说话人的评语，修饰整个句子：
Dennis suffered，very unjustly，for a fault not his own.
They rose in revolt，ungratefully， against their leader.
He remained，wisely，single until thirty.
图解：
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7)疑问副词(短语)
1673 疑问副词(短语)必须用在助动词及主语前面：
When do you start?How can you do it? Where does your brother study English?Why should they resign?
In what way did he get it?For what reason could he speak ill of me?In which paper did you read the news? Of whom are you thinking(口语中多说 Who are you thinking of)?What time did you come?
图解：
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b.关于副词(短语)位置的19条一般规则
1674 1)除了on，away，up，down这样的地点副词，没有其他副词(短语)可以放在及物动词及其宾语之间。下面例句中的副词(短语)都放在错误位置，应当放到宾语后面去：
He speaks fluently English.He likes very much my suggestion.He understands very clearly your viewpoint.He reviews again and again his lessons.
但如果a)宾语比副词(短语)长得多，b)宾语被认为比较重要，或c)宾语是一个从句，则这个副词(短语)必须放宾语、动词或主语的前面：
a) He brought to school so many books，pictures， magazines etc.I copied from him the lecture notes concerning the structure of the atom. Please return before Sunday all the books you have borrowed from the library.He put into execution the plan he made years ago.She took to heart what I had told him.(放在宾语前，主要动词后面)
We have，with great difficulty，defended this village of our fathers and sons.The enemy has many times at- tacked the people inhabiting this area.(放在主要动词前面)
Here they study chemistry，physics，biology and mathematics.With incredible speed，he conquered all his opponents who had looked down upon him.(放在主语前面)
b) He received from his friends many precious gifts.He emphasized from time to time the importance of love and duty. John is reading very carefully a letter from his wife.
c)After a moment I said that I could do nothing for her.I asked out of curiosity with which boy she dined yesterday evening.
1675 2)肯定、程度及频度副词绝大多数放在主要动词前或助动词后：
He certainly loves his parents.
He will probably come tomorrow.
I very well know the value of his assistance.
He little understands what he himself says.
He seldom goes to the movies.
John has sometimes written to Mary.
I shall always remember what you have done for me.
1676 3)如果动词为be，则副词(短语)通常都放在be和补语之间：
He is，no doubt，a good doctor.
The amount is，in all probability，the same as before.
He is，to some extent(or in a way)， a famous musician.
He is rarely sick.
He is always late.
