英语常见副词用法详解(6)
c)间或用在主要动词(或助动词)前面：
He at one time told me the same thing you are telling me.
We formerly did it，but we nowadays forget the custom.I temporarily，but not permanently，love her.
He recently has behaved better than he formerly did.
Peter，a long time ago，had vanguished the giant.He already has seen it.She so far(or this far)hasn't spoken with me.
d)大多数都放在谓语后面。用在这个位置的有a)第一段所列的副词及early，late，already，yet，shortly，briefly，awhile，long这类词。能这样用的短语很多，包括a)中提到的介词短语。
表示某一时刻(时)的副词(短语)：
He came yesterday.He left at the last act.They divided the property on the death of their father.I came(or will come)on Sunday(=last or next Sunday).
He came(or will come) on a(or the) Sunday(= another Sunday than last or next).He expressed surprise at see-ing me.I felt envy on hearing the news.
表示某段时间的副词(短语)：
I have slept(for)hours.He studies English(for)three years.He has been here many months. He has learned medicine since 1950.He lived here from 1950 till 1958.It exists to this day.I have opposed it all along.I'll live here forever ofter.He died here during the war.He visited many places in the course of(= during)the summer (or the trip).He lived in this village all his life and never left it a day.
图解：
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注意从属连词directly的图解法。
3)频度副词(短语)
1669 频度副词(短语)可以：
a)用在主语前，表示强调或对比。用在这个位置的词有never，seldom，rarely，occasionally，sometimes，often，repeatedly;once a week，four times，from time to time，again and again，now and then，as a rule：
Sometimes he smokes.Usually he came by himself.
Occasionally he called on me.Never have I been there.
b)间或用在助动词前(用在简短评语、回答及反驳中，这时助动词受到强调)：
“They can find time for amusements.”“They always can.”You have learned Japanese，but I never have learned any foreign language.“I have to cook my own break-fast.”—“But I seldom need do so.”
c)在大多数情况下用在主要动词前面，用于这个位置的大多为单个副词，如：
always，permanently，perpetually，continually，continuously，incessantly(这类表示“不断”的副词不能用在否定词前，不能说 He will always not like it，而要说He will never like it.)
Generally，usually，ordinarily，commonly，normally，habitually，customarily，regularly;ftoen，frequently，repeatedly(这类表示高频度的副词可以用在否定结构后，表示“很少”，如：I don't usually(= rarely)take breakfast.)
Sometimes，periodically，occasionaly(表示中等频度的副词)
Rarely，seldom，hardly(ever)，scarcely(ever)，bare-ly，little，infrequently，unusually，uncommonly(表示低频度的副词)
Never，not，not ever(否定副词)
例句：
He can hardly see me，because he is shortsighted.She has always smoked.He often goes to the library.He never tells lies.I don't usually(=rarely) go to the theatre.
短语用在这个位置时不多：
His family has，time after time，got into trouble.
He would，as a rule，get up at six.
d)上面提到的副词通常放在be后面，但be受到强调时可以放在它前面：
He always is a fool.He never is wise.He seldom is.
They never are.It hardly is.
e)放在谓语后面。可用在这个位置的副词有continually，often， frequently，repeatedly，occasionally;hourly，daily，monthly;once，twice，again：
I have said it repeatedly to him.He called on me occasion-ally.
I take a walk twice daily(不能说 daily twice).
I learn kungfu three times weekly(or a week).
常用在这个位置的短语有：
every four days，each summer，on alternate days as a rule，as usual，most often，often enough，in general，in quick succession
many times，not infrequently，again and again，time after time，time and(time)again
once in a while，once and again，now and again，every now and then，at(odd)times，from time to time，off and on，on several occasions
例句：
This morning we went to work as usual.
I read the poem again and again.
I practise Karate off and on.
I go to the movies once in a long while.
He came daily.He saw her very often.
He did it once in a while.He studies French at odd times.
He taught me four times a week.I learn music every three days
f)c)中所给副词有些可用在谓语后表示强调或作为以后补加的意思：
She went to the pictures sometimes.
He loves her always.
图解：
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4)肯定副词(短语)
1670 表示肯定或不肯定的副词可以：
a)用在主语前面。用在这个位置的副词或短语可以看作是整个句子的修饰语，它们是truly，indeed，really，actually，eventually，surely，obviously，assuredly，undoubtedly，certainly，evidently，apparently，clearly，admittedly，naturally，probably，presumably，perhaps，maybe，possibly，very likely，in truth，in fact，no doubt，of course， as a matter of fact，sure enough，oddly enough，strange enough，rightly or wrongly：
Certainly he can do anything so long as it's profitable.
Surely he divorced her!
In fact，he knows nothing.
b)用作句子的简化形式。这样的副词或短语有yes，certainly，quite，absolutely，decidedly，naturaly，evidently，obviously，precisely，surely，sure(Am.)，willingly，with pleasure，very well，of course，no，never
“Do you know it?”“Yes.”
“Is he a fool?”“Absolutely.”
“Do you love her?”“Of course.”
c)间或用在助动词前(用在简短评语、回答及反驳中，这时助动词受到强调)：
He certainly(or surely，probably，possibly)can.He surely has. He simply can't.You surely are.You simply must give up.
d)在多数情况下用在主要动词前面或助动词后面。能这样用的有a)中所列副词或短语，在用作整句修饰语时，前后常加逗号：
He really understand himself?John probably loves her.
My father of course knows you.(用在主要动词前)
He will actually do what he has threatened to.I have.as a matter of fact，done all I can.He has，at any rate，confessed his fault.(用在助动词后面)
比较：I do not really know(= I know very little).I really do not know(=I know nothing).
e)用在谓语后时很少，除非是表示强调，或作为后来想起的话：
They will get married，perhaps.
John has done something silly—no doubt.
You didn't complain to her，Surely(= I believe or hope).
图解：
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注：句子修饰语in fact的图解法。
5)程度副词(短语)
1671 程度副词(短语)：
a)用在主语或助动词前时很少。
b)常常用在主要动词前面。能这样用的副词及短语有：
almost，nearly，entirely，thoroughly，perfectly，vaguely，slightly，strongly，little，in all likelihood，as much as，not so much as，as good as，sort of，at any rate，at least：
I almost cried.He quite agrees with me.He wholly for- got that.He half smiled and half cried.He rather hates it.I hardly think so.I scarcely understand it.
He has fully understood her. They will，on the whole， agree to my proposal. The business will，in the fullest degree(or in some measure)，depend upon the political situation.(用在助动词后面)
He does not see it.(not必须放在助动词及主要动词之间)
Can't he go?(问句)
Don't talk too much.(禁止)
但not放在being及having前面：
Not being able to go，I stayed at home with Mother.
Not having finished my work， I can't leave.
此外，有时有另一副词(短语)可放在not和主要动词之间：
He does not entirely believe me.
c)常常放在谓语后面：
I like it very much.They need a house badly.I depend upon him fully for advice.I respect him highly(or greatly).He needs money terribly(or awfully， dreadfully).He suffered to such a degree.I love Mary best of all.I know it quite well.He loved her to a ridiculous extent.
I don't care(or care not)a jot(or a button， a bit， a whit，a morsel，a fig，a damn)abut it. I don't mind(or value) it a rush(or a rotten nut).He blamed me no end.She laughed no end.I love my mother a whole big balloon. He thought world of his sweetheart.This accident speaks volumes for the danger of a drunk- en driver.(用作程度副词的名词或名词短语必须放在谓语或动词后面)
图解：
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6)方式副词(短语)
1672 方式副词(短语)可以：
a)放在主语前用来加强语气。可这样用的副词及短语不计其数：
Suddenly the door opened.Slowly he walked down the street.Slowly and impressively he rose from the seat. In a low voice he spoke.With one blow of his are he cut it off.One by one they came out. To his great de- light he saw his home again.Slowly，but with courage， did he accomplish it.All at once did we start.
Bang goes the door Whizz goes the arrow.Snap went the rope.Crash went the glass.Thud went the bag of rice.Crack came the bottle.Pop come the accident. Crash went the disaster of the family.(表示声音的副词常放在动词go或come前面)
如果主语前有well，so， to such straits这样的副词(短语)，它们和主语之间应有一个助动词：
Well can we say that.Well may he do anything he likes.
He has started and so must all of us.If he can go， so can we.
I like art and specially do I like music.
To such straits was I reduced!To such lengths did he go that nobody wanted to talk with him.To such a point (or a degree) will the war go on that all will be destroyed.
