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英语中比较级than的正确用法是什么(2)

谢君分享

  使用than的常见语法难点

  一、后接人称代词用主格还是宾格

  由于than既可用作连词也可用作介词,所以当后接人称代词时,可用主格也可用宾格。通常认为在正式文体中多用主格,在口语或非正式文体中多用宾语。

  如:

  Everyone here is taller than I [me].

  这儿的每一个人都比我高。

  Her sister swims faster than she [her].

  她姐姐游泳比她快。

  但是,若人称代词之后跟有动词,则只能用主格。

  如:

  Everyone here is taller than I am.

  这儿的每一个人都比我高。

  Her sister swims faster than she does.

  她姐姐游泳比她快。

  注意:有时用主格或宾格会导致意思的变化。

  比较:

  I love you more than he (likes you).

  我比他更爱你。

  I love you more than (he likes) him.

  我爱你胜过爱他。

  二、后接动词用不定式还是动名词

  1. 当连接两个非谓语动词时,通常应使用一样的形式。

  如:

  It is much easier to get into debt than to get out of it.

  借债容易还债难。

  He likes playing chess more than watching TV.

  与看电视相比,他更喜欢下棋。

  比较:

  He thinks it is safer to drive himself than (to) let me drive.

  =He thinks that driving himself is safer than letting me drive.

  他认为他自己开车比让我开车要更安全些。

  2. 若不是连接两个非谓语动词,则其后出现的动词通常用动名词形式(虽然也可用不定式,但不如用动名词普通)。

  如:

  There are worse calamities than failing your driving test.

  比起你驾驶考试不合格来说,更大的灾难还多着呢。

  Nothing gives me more pleasure than listening to Mozart.

  再没有比听莫扎特的乐曲更让我高兴的事了。

  Nothing is more unpleasant than finding [to find] insects in your bath.

  最使人不快的是在浴室里发现有虫子。

  三、引导比较状语从句的时态问题

  若than引导的比较状语从句与主句动作不一致,可以根据情况使用适当的时态形式。

  如:

  He drives faster than he did a year ago.

  他开车比一年以前快了。

  The house is rather bigger than we thought.

  这所房子比我们想的大得多。

  若主句为将来时,than引导的从句可用现在时态表示将来,也可直接使用将来时态。

  如:

  We'll probably drive faster than you do [will].

  我们开车可能会比你们快。

  四、引导比较状语从句的倒装问题

  than引导比较状语从句时,从句语序通常不需倒装,但在正式文体中,有时也可倒装。

  如:

  City dweller have a higher death rate than country people do.

  =City dweller have a higher death rate than do country people.

  城市居民死亡率比农村居民高。

  五、引导比较状语从句且在从句中充当成分

  有时可引导一个从句并在从句中充当句子成分(主语、宾语、表语),为便于理解,有时可视为than后省略了what:

  We don't want to do more than is necessary.

  我们不想做不必要的事情。

  The pain was almost more than he could bear.

  这样的痛苦几乎使他受不了。

  She's not a very good manager she always spends more money than she earns.

  她不大会理财——总是入不敷出。

  Life here is much easier than it used to be.

  如今在此地生活比起从前可舒服多了。

  比较下面一句,than后的expected为省略结构:

  He returned three days earlier than (he was) expected.

  他回来得比预料的要早三天。

  六、后接时间或条件状语从句

  若语义需要,有时其后可接when引导的时间状语从句以及if 引导的条件状语从句。

  如:

  You are a little fatter than when I saw you last.

  你比我上次见你时胖点了。

  Joe carries only nine pounds more than when he was twenty.

  乔比他20岁时只重了九磅。

  They work better together than if they are alone.

  他们一起干比他们单干效果要好。

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