托福口语Task1如何建立最佳结构

　　对于托福口语的备考来说，无论学生还是老师都会在口语教学、学习中为每道题探寻一套更新、更合理、更有实用价值的答案结构。那么，下面小编就为大家推荐一下托福口语Task1如何建立最佳结构，希望能为大家的托福备考带来帮助。

　　托福口语Task1如何建立最佳结构?点题需简洁明确

　　Task 1作为整个口语部分的第一道题，其意义是十分重要的：Task 1给了我们适应口语部分考试气氛、调整自我状态的机会，如果Task 1答得好，对于我们作答口语部分之后题目的士气和信心也是一个很大的鼓舞。Task 1的准备时间只有15秒钟，这就要求我们一定要在答题之前对于自己“该怎么说”要心里有数，而这个“该怎么说”无疑就来自我们在考前对答案结构的准备，那么在45秒钟的答题时间内，怎么样的结构才是最合理的呢? 想要充分展开答案，小编建议考生可以采取如下的结构：

　　点题：也即用一个词/词组回答题干问题，这一部分的处理要简练干脆，防止因为设计了过于复杂的结构浪费太多时间，影响之后论辩的展开。

　　提出特点一：你选择的事物最大的特点是什么?这里，我们应该选择一个最易于展开的特点，根据不同的题目，最好能够马上提出进一步的论断或者举出例子。这一点是我们论证题目的最重点。

　　特点二：提出一个次要特点，这个特点可以用一句话来说完，比较好的选择是描述性词组或者排比句。注意，三个以上的并列结构才能够称作“排比”，排比结构能够加强论证的气势，并且体现出语言的丰富性，这些描述性结构的积累需要我们在平时积累语汇库方面多下功夫。

　　拔高+总结：作为结尾，我们可以引申或进一步叙述+观点或想法。这点依然是因题而异，如果特点一展得比较开或者举了例子，时间已经比较紧张了，我们甚至可以舍弃这点。

　　这样总结下来，口语考试Task 1的结构是：

　　点题： 特点一 ，举例或展开论断，特点二

　　或者，在特点一展开不充分或者时间比较宽裕的情况下

　　点题 ：特点一 ， 特点二 ，拔高+总结

　　让我们以一道官方真题Official里出现过的题目作为例题来详细讲解一下这种结构的运用：

　　What is the most efficient type of transportation in your country? Explain why you think it is efficient. Include specific reasons and examples. (官方真题Official 12)

　　首先来破题。我们可以看到，这道题目的题干并不是十分难以理解，答案的重点也比较容易抓住。很显然，在题干的疑问句中，限定性的重要信息有三点：

　　Most efficient: 这一点要求我们在答案中必须突出对“最有效率”的解释。题目的要求是specific reasons and examples，那么这些reasons、examples一定是针对most efficient这个属性而提出的;而这一点同时也暗示，在回答这道题的时候，我们应该寻找有普适性的属性，而非出自个人经历的论断。

　　Type of transportation: 这说明答案是一道具体事物题，我们描述的主体必须是一种交通工具，而非其他;

　　In your country: 这一点提醒我们，在回答这个问题时，我们的答案需要符合实际，不能够太过于天马行空、想象力过剩。如果说中国最有效率的交通工具是宇宙飞船的话，那么我们首先在组织语言上肯定会碰到论据不足的困难，其次，虽然说托福考试的评分并不会以考生观点的对错为标准，但这样的答案从一开始就会给考官留下一个不会审题的不好印象。

　　根据上面给出的结构二，我们可以这样考虑解题的思路：

　　点题：The most efficient type of transportation in my country is…

　　特点一：(Why?) 可以是例子、也可以是叙述

　　特点二：(Why else?) 三个形容词，扩展或者不扩展

　　拔高+总结：(What does the future hold?) 展望+再确认

　　以下给出一个Sample Answer供大家参考：

　　The most efficient type of transportation in my country is the railway train. Firstly, in the month before the Spring Festival every year, the railway system mobilizes billions of home-coming people in all parts of the country, and its development is very fast. And also, for most Chinese people, taking a train is cheaper, safer and more convenient, it has always been their first choice when traveling. Now that China’s building Rapid Railway tracks all around the country, the speed of trains would be increased by hundreds of kilometers per hour, which makes train traveling even more efficient.

　　学会托福口语连贯性表达的6大法则助你的托福考试得高分

　　在托福口语的评分过程中，表达的连贯性也是不可或缺的一个重要部分，现在为大家整理了六条原则，让大家在新托福的口语考试中能够连贯的说出自己的答案。

　　1. 运用总分总的结构

　　Your listeners will understand your talk better if you organize what you say in a logical sequence or linear pattern. This means that you tell the listeners what you are going to talk about and then go through the points you want to make. The most common pattern of organization is outlined below:

　　Introductory statement

　　Point 1

　　Point 2

　　Point 3

　　Concluding statement

　　An example of this pattern is shown below:

　　Breeding butterflies has many advantages for the collector.

　　1. way of obtaining specimens

　　2. spares can be released into the wild

　　3. helps survival because butterflies have been protected from natural predators

　　The experience is a learning experience for the collector and a benefit to the species.

　　2. 运用连接词

　　Connecting ideas by using transition words and phrases tells your listeners the relationship of one idea to the next. You can signal to your listener that you are going to put events in a sequence, add information, or make a comparison. You can signal that you want to emphasize or clarify a point. Using transition words and phrases helps your listener follow the flow of your ideas. Read the following example without transitional expressions:

　　In my physics class, we did lots of experiments that helped clarify scientific principles. I understood those principles better by doing those experiments.

　　These sentences would flow better if the speaker used transitional expressions as in the following example:

　　In my physics class, we did lots of experiments that helped clarify scientific principles. As a result, I understood those principles better.

　　3. 解释或定义陌生概念

　　In order to help your listeners understand, you may need to define a term that you use in your response. Read the following example:

　　My hobby is telemark skiing.

　　If the speaker does not define the term and listeners do not know what telemark skiing is, they might not understand the rest of the passage. Sometimes listeners can guess the meaning through the context of the passage, but sometimes they cannot. Here is the definition this speaker gave of telemark skiing:

　　That means skiing using telemark skis.

　　Even though the speaker defined telemark skiing, listeners still may not understand what it means because the speaker defined the term with the same word. To effectively define a word, use a three-part definition:

　　1. State the word or phrase to be defined.

　　2. Give the category that the word or phrase fits into.

　　3. Tell how the word is different from other words that fit the same category.

　　Read this example of an effective definition:

　　Telemark is a type of alpine skiing in which the boots are connected to the skis only at the toes, so traditional skiing techniques have to be modified.

　　4. 正确使用平行结构

　　Your listener can understand the flow of your ideas better if you use parallel structures when you speak. Read the following incorrect example:

　　My teacher gave interesting assignments and motivating the students.

　　The listener may be confused because the speaker has mixed different grammatical structures. Does the speaker mean My teacher gave interesting and motivating assignments to the students'? In this sentence, interesting and motivating are parallel adjectives. Or does the speaker mean My teacher gave interesting assignments and motivated the students? In this sentence, gave and motivated are parallel verbs.

　　5. 对关键词进行替换或同义转换

　　When a speaker keeps repeating a word or phrase, listeners can get confused. Read the following example:

　　My teacher wrote the assignment on the chalkboard. The assignment was on the chalkboard until the teacher erased the assignment after we had all done the assignment.

　　This speaker's ideas would be clearer if the repeated words were replaced with other expressions or with pronouns. Look at the way this example can be improved:

　　My teacher wrote the assignment on the chalkboard. She erased the board after we had all completed the task.

　　The word assignment has been replaced with task; the word teacher with she; and the word chalkboard with board.

　　6. 时态、人称和数量的统一

　　Your listener can get confused if you are not consistent. Look at the following example:

　　My teacher brought five paper bags to school one day. He put us into groups and gave each group a bag. You have to take the objects out of the bags in turn and then a person has to tell a story involving the object from the bag.

　　The listener may get confused by the change from the past tense to the present tense, and the change from us to you and then to a person. The listener might also be confused by the change from the plural form objects and bags to the singular forms object and bag.

　　The listener could follow this speaker's ideas better if the speaker were consistent. Look at the way this example can be improved:

　　One day my teacher put us into five different groups. He gave each group a bag and told us to take turns pulling out an object and telling the other members of the group a story involving that object.