2020高考英语必考语法知识点汇总
英语高考本身就不仅仅是背背单词那么简单的,高考英语涉及到很多语法知识,是一次非常全面正式的考试。下面小编给大家整理了关于高考英语必考语法知识点汇总,希望对你有帮助!
高考英语必考语法知识点汇总
1语态和时态
— Do you see those people on the little sandy island?
— Yes, they _______ handkerchiefs for the last half hour. I wonder why.
A. were waving B. waved
C. had waved D. have been waving
【正确答案】D
【高考考点】考查现在完成进行时。
【详细解析】这个挥手帕的动作是在半小时前开始的,然后一直在挥,一直挥到了说话的这个时候,所以我们用现在完成进行时强调一个动作的持续。A选项为过去进行时,B选项为一般过去时,C选项为过去完成时,这三个时态都是和过去有关,和现在无关。题干中出现last或者是last half hour,recent等这类词的话,我们一般都会选择现在完成进行时。故本题正确答案是D。
2名词性从句
The information could be helpful to ____ will take over the job.
A. those B. who
C. whoever D. anyone
【正确答案】C
【高考考点】考查名词性从句。
【详细解析】名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。此题考的就是介词to后的宾语从句,whoever在从句中作主语。A、D两个选项需要在后面加上who;B选项是who在名词性从句中表示疑问,e.g. Who will take over the job has not been decided yet. 故本题正确答案是C。
3虚拟语气和情态动词
— David, we went to Lake Geneva for the weekend.
— That _______ a very nice change. I wish I had gone there.
A. must be B. must have been
C. could be D. could have been
【正确答案】B
【高考考点】考查情态动词。
【详细解析】must表推测,“肯定……”,must be表示对现在和将来事实的推测;must have been表示对过去事实的推测。这里表示一个肯定的推测,又因为是上个周末的事情,说明这件事情已经发生了,故选B;C选项could“可能”,表示轻微的怀疑或委婉的陈述看法,e.g. His story could be true, but I hardly think it is.他所说的这个故事可能是真的,但是我基本上不相信;D选项could have done是虚拟语气,表示“过去本能够做某事却未做”,e.g. You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best.你原本是可以做的更好的,但是你并没有尽自己最大的努力。
4代词
Knowledge begins to increase as soon as one individual communicates his ideas to _______ by means of speech.
A. other B. another
C. the other D. an other
【正确答案】B
【高考考点】考查代词。
【详细解析】other用作代词时,意为“另一个;其他的人(东西)”,不单独使用:the other,the others,others;another用作代词时,表示没有具体所指的“另外一个”。e.g. One person may like fishing, while another may prefer hunting.一个人可能是喜欢钓鱼,而另一个可能喜欢打猎;the other表示“两者中的另一个”,表示特指;D选项没有这种用法。故本题正确答案是B。
5非谓语动词
Almost everyone of the graduates wants to deliver the keynote speech at the graduation ceremony. For the speaker, _______ is an honour.
A. invited B. being invited
C. be invited D. inviting
【正确答案】B
【高考考点】考查非谓语动词。
【详细解析】A选项invited是过去分词不能充当主语;C选项be invited不是非谓语形式;D选项语态错误,应该用被动。故本题正确答案是B。遇到动词要考虑四点:① 先判断是谓语还是非谓语;② 主语;③ 主语和非谓语动词的主/被动关系;④ 非谓语动词与谓语动词的时间关系。e.g. Being exposed to the sun for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.在太阳下暴露太久对皮肤有害。e.g. The girl’s being educated in a good environment is what her parents have expected.这个女孩在一个良好的环境中受到教育是她父母所期望的。
6定语从句
Today’s college is appropriate as a setting for a society _____ its members must acquire and manage knowledge from a wide variety of sources.
A. which B. so that
C. where D. of which
【正确答案】C
【高考考点】考查定语从句。
【详细解析】本题考查关系副词where引导的定语从句,修饰先行词college,where在定语从句中作地点状语。A选项which是一个关系代词,只能充当主语或宾语;B选项so that“为了……”,引导目的状语从句,在这里逻辑不对;D选项of which是“介词+关系代词”结构,先行词college放到定语从句中,应该是说“in the college”,所以这个介词应该用in。故正确答案为C。
7动词
When problems such as energy crisis, pollution and population explosion _____, people are asked to share the bitterness and endure the hardship.
A. are arisen B. arise
C. arising D. arisen
【正确答案】B
【高考考点】考查动词。
【详细解析】从题干可知when引导的时间状语从句中缺少谓语动词,故排除C、D两项;arise“出现、发生”,是不及物动词,无被动语态。故正确答案为B。
8状语从句
They didn’t want to admit to any shortage of food _____ it might reveal a weakness to be exploited by their enemies.
A. in order that B. or else
C. but for D. for fear that
【正确答案】D
【高考考点】考查状语从句的连词。
【详细解析】A项in order that引导目的状语从句;B项or else“否则”在此处用句意不通;C项but for表示“如果没有,要不是”,它往往用在虚拟语气中;D项for fear that也引导目的状语从句,但它表示“生怕某种不好的事会发生”。e.g. Shut the window for fear that it may rain.把窗关起来,以防下雨。根据句意可知,他们不愿意承认食物短缺,是因为他们害怕被敌人知道,然后利用他们的这个缺点。故正确答案为D。
9固定搭配
Without solutions _____ the gap between the rich and the poor, there can be no “harmonious society”.
A. of B. for
C. to D. on
【正确答案】C
【高考考点】介词的用法。
【详细解析】solution to…“解决……的方法”,为固定搭配,故正确答案为C。接下来我们就来看一下还有哪些名词后面跟介词to。
【access】have access to有通道/有使用/有见到(某人/某物的机会或权利)
【answer】answer to对……的回答
【approach】approach to sth./ approach to doing sth.做某件事情的方法
【attitude】attitude to sth.对待……的态度
【contribution】make contributions to sth.对……做出贡献
【damage】do damage to sth.对……造成损坏、破坏
【devotion】devotion to sth.对……的奉献
【entrance】entrance to某地方的一个入口
【introduction】introduction to sth.对……的介绍
【limit】the limit to sth.对……的一个限度/限制
【objection】the objection to对……的反对
【reaction】reaction to sth.对……东西的反应
【response】response to sb./sth.对……人(或物)的回答/回复
10主谓一致
— _____ five hundred dollars a big sum to a Chinese family?
— I’m afraid not.
A. Is B. Are C. Were D. Will be
【正确答案】A
【高考考点】主谓一致。
【详细解析】表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等复数名词、词组作主语时,一般被看作是一个整体,谓语动词常用单数形式;另外题中说到a big sum“一大笔钱”,说明它把500美金这个复数的概念是当作一个整体去理解的,这也给了我们启示。故正确答案为A。
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