托福阅读考试中需要做笔记吗
大家都知道托福阅读考试篇幅很长，因为篇幅过长，导致有些同学在看文章的时候看到后面已经忘记了前面的内容。那么，托福阅读是否可以像托福听力考试那样边听边记笔记呢?这样做是否有助于提高做题的正确率呢?其实托福阅读考试中是不建议大家记笔记的。下面，小编来给大家分析下托福阅读考试不记笔记的原因。
托福阅读考试中需不需要做笔记
一. 托福阅读出题顺序和文章顺序一致
我们首先从托福阅读的出题顺序上来讲讲为何托福阅读不需要做笔记。托福阅读篇幅确实比较长，平均字数达到700-750字，想要读完，并且记住文章内容确实比较苦难。但是大家在做题中会发现，其实托福阅读的出题顺序和文章的顺序是一致的(主旨题除外)，前2-3道题都是针对第一段提问，然后接下来的问题是针对第二段提问……所以，从出题的顺序上看，是没有必要在做阅读题的时候做笔记的，边做题边看阅读文章完全可行。
二. 托福阅读考试时间紧，没有时间做笔记
接下来，我们来从托福阅读考试时间上分析下为何不需要做阅读笔记。托福阅读每篇考试时间为20分钟，具体分配到每一道题的时间也就一分钟多一点，所以总的来看，托福阅读的考试时间是非常紧张的，如果大家再在读文章的时候记笔记，那么势必会导致做题时间不足。
三. 记不住文章内容是理解力的问题
其实，文章前后内容连贯不起来，究其根本还是理解力有欠缺，通过记笔记是解决不了问题的。如果大家对文章的理解尚有欠缺，那么建议还是从根本上去做提升，首先过词汇关，然后分析长难句，如果语法不过关的话，也要去补习一下语法知识。基础打好以后，可以看一些托福阅读的做题技巧，对于提升做题速度也是帮助的。最后，要回归到阅读练习上来，多刷题多做练习。做阅读练习时不建议做题前通读全文，直接从题目开始返回文中找答案即可。
所以，从上文中我们可以看到，托福阅读笔记是没有必要做的，阅读考试时间非常紧张，根本没有做阅读笔记的时间，而且阅读题的出题顺序和文章一直，也没有必要做笔记帮助理解。希望大家在托福阅读练习的时候能掌握正确方法，避开误区。
托福阅读考试的细节题和插入题
一.词汇
Cordgrass，marsh, deciduous, perennial, gulf, coast, Atlantic, dominant, flora，intertidal,component,estuarine,sediment,stabilizer,substrate,estuary,nursery温床,a standof,elevation,brackish,deterioration,restoration,wetland,erosion腐蚀,channel,oyster,transplant,landscape,drastically,tidal,mudflat,interfere,waterfront,modify,inhospital,reclamation,fringe,meadow,extensive,fishery,germinate,silt,gracel,gland,cobble,sap树叶,toxic，take up, convert, sulfur ,colonize殖民地 ,sulfide二氧化物，sulfate硫酸盐，dioxide
二.具体题目解析
1. According to the paragraph , each of the following is true of Spartina alrerniflora
A. It rarely flowers in salt marshes.
B. It grows well in intertidal zones.
C. It is commonly referred to as cordgrass.
D. It occurs naturally along the Gulf Coast and the Atlantic coast of the United States.
这个题目是否定事实信息题，A中的flower是开花的意思，即这种植物在salt marshes中几乎不开花。B它在潮间地区长得很好。C它被称作带状植物。D它是沿着美国的墨西哥湾和大西洋的沿岸所生长的。
定位到原文Spartina alterniflora, known as cordgrass, is a deciduous, perennial flowering plant native to the Atlantic coast (是常年生的开花的植物)and the Gulf Coast of the United States. It is the dominant native species of the lower salt marshes along these coasts(它是占主导性的一种植物), where it grows in the intertidal zone(在潮间地区生长) (the area covered by water some parts of the day and exposed others).所以A选项是本题的正确选项，此植物是开花的。
2. The paragraph suggests that where Spartina occurs naturally, an established stand of it will eventually
A .create conditions in which it can no longer survive
B. get washed away by water flowing through the deep, channels that form around it
C. become adapted to brackish water
D. take over other grass species growing in the area
A自己创造环境，自己就不会生存B.会被冲走C.适应比较咸的水，D代替其它的草类
3. . According to this paragraph, in its natural habitats, Spartina helps estuaries by
A. controlling marshland decline
B. decreasing the substrate elevation
C. reducing the brackishness of the water
D. increasing the flow of water into the estuary
A.能够控制沼泽地的减少。B降低基带的减少C减少水的盐分D.增加在河口中水的流动
以上两题定位到原文中，These characteristics make Spartina a valuable component of the estuaries (河口处的植物)where it occurs naturally. The plant functions as a stabilizer and a sediment trap and as a nursery area for estuarine fish and shellfish. (适合鱼类和贝类生存的地方)Once established, a stand of Spartina begins to trap sediment,(沉淀) changing the substrate elevation,(改变基质的海拔) and eventually the stand evolves into a high marsh system (高浓度的沼泽系统)where Spartina is gradually displaced by higher-elevation, brackish-water species. (被高海拔的耐盐的物种所替代了)
As elevation increases, narrow, deep channels of water form throughout the marsh. Along the east coast(东部沿海地区) Spartina is considered valuable for its ability to prevent erosion and marshland deterioration(阻止腐蚀和沼泽地的蜕化); it is also used for coastal restoration projects and the creation of new wetland sites.(被用来开拓新的沼泽地)
因此第二题中的A是对的，B和C未提到，D不符合文章内容;第三题中的A选项正确，B选项中和文章主要内容相反，错误，C和D文章中没有提到。
4. According to this paragraph, Spartina negatively affects wildlife in estuaries by
A. trapping fish and waterfowl in sediment
B. preventing oysters from transplanting successfully
C. turning mudflats into high marshes and salt meadows
D. expanding the marshy fringes of salt meadows
A使得鱼类和水鸟陷到沉淀当中，B阻止了牡蛎成功的移植浅析，D扩大盐滩沼泽化的边缘。
定位到原文中，Spartina was transported to Washington State in packing materials for oysters transplanted from the cast coast (牡蛎从东海岸移出)in 1894. Leaving its insect predators behind(缺少捕食性的昆虫), the cordgrass has been spreading slowly and steadily along Washington's tidal estuaries (潮间河口)on the west coast, crowding out the native plants and drastically altering the landscape(改变了当地的景观) by trapping sediment.
Spartina modifies tidal mudflats, turning them into high marshes inhospitable(不适合生存) to the many fish and waterfowl that depend on the mudflats. It is already hampering (慢慢的阻止了)the oyster harvest and the Dungeness crab fishery, and it interferes with the recreational use of beaches(干扰了渔业和海边休息区) and waterfronts. Spartina has been transplanted to England and to New Zealand for land reclamation(土地的重新开垦利用) and shoreline stabilization.(稳定海岸线)
In New Zealand the plant has spread rapidly, changing mudflats with marshy fringes to extensive salt meadows(盐滩) and reducing the number and kinds of birds and animals that use the marsh.(减少了用沼泽地地区的动物的数量)
所以第四题中的C选项正确
5. 插入句子题Spartina is particularly able to tolerate high salinities because salt glands on the surface of the leaves remove the salt from the plant sap.可以放到哪里
Spartina is an exceedingly competition plant. (很有竞争性的植物)A It spreads primarily by underground stems(通过地下的根去繁殖); colonies form when pieces of the root system or whole plants float into an area and take root (植根于)or when seeds float into a suitable area (种子适合生长的地方)and germinate. B Spartina establishes itself on substrates ranging from sand and silt to gravel and cobble and is tolerant of salinities (盐分比较高的地方)ranging from that of near freshwater (0.05 percent) to that of salt water (3.5 percent).C (与前后文联系之后，此选项最合适)Because they lack oxygen, marsh sediments are high in sulfides that are toxic to most plants. D Spartina has the ability to take up sulfides and convert them to sulfate, a form of sulfur that the plant can use; this ability makes it easier for the grass to colonize marsh environments. Another adaptive advantage is Spartina‘s ability to use carbon dioxide more efficiently than most other plants.
托福阅读逻辑关系词背诵
Women could and did play a part in this process of settlement. Iceland, for instance, was uninhabited, and a permanent population could only be established if women also made the journey there. (后一句的具体事例为前一句提供说明与解释)
People borrowed more and more money so that they could buy these shares. Because of this, the American people started to believe that share prices could only go up further. (“because of”明显的因果关系)
Astronomy is a science that deals with all the celestial bodies in the universe. Astronomy includes the study of planets and their satellites, comets and meteors, stars and interstellar matter, star systems and clusters. (后一句是对前一句celestial bodies 的进一步解释)
Previously it was believed that due to the Archaeopteryx’s (始祖鸟) underdeveloped anatomy, it would not have been able to fly. However, research by the London Natural History Museum into its brain developed and that it had good vision and a good sense of balance — all the requirements for a creature to be able to fly. (“However”转折对比)
阅读时，我们可以根据段落中出现的一些信号词(Signal Words)来判断句子与句子之间的关系，掌握段落发展线索，来调整阅读速度，提高阅读质量。
1.显示相同信息的信号词
There has been an upsurge of interest in chamber music. Likewise opera is receiving a boost from increased record sales.
“likewise”这一信号词显示了前面所提到的idea后面还要再一次出现。因此，阅读时见到这样的信号词无须放慢阅读速度。这样的信号词还包括：
and, furthermore, more, than, that, also, likewise, moreover, in addition, what is more, for instance, for example
2.显示思路转折的信号词
I’d like to go but I’m too busy.
“but”前后是完全不同的信息描述，它向读者显示了作者的思路在这里有了转折。阅读时，碰到这样的信号词我们需放慢阅读速度，以准确获取作者真正想要说明的意思。这类信号词还有：
although, however, on the contrary, but, in spite of, otherwise, despite, nevertheless, yet
3.显示因果关系的信号词
As a result of the pilots’ strike, all flights have had to be cancelled.
All flights have had to be cancelled as a result of the pilots’ strike.
所有航班被取消的原因是因为飞行员们的罢工;飞行员们的罢工导致了所有的航班不得不被取消。显示因果关系的信号词还有：
for, thus, because, for this reason, so, therefore, as, since, consequently
4.显示顺序的信号词：
Internet speeds communication between companies, among co-workers through video-conferences, and among other individuals. First, media companies use the Internet for online news, or to broadcast audio and video, including live radio and television programs, while individuals use the Internet for communication, entertainment, finding information, buying and selling goods and services. Second, the notion of distance disappears thanks to the Internet. People also enjoy instant messaging to exchange text messages or pictures in real time, with real-time video and sound. Finally, scientists and scholars use the Internet to perform research, distribute lecture notes or course materials to students, they communicate with colleagues, and can also publish papers and articles.
抓住了这样的信号词就把握住了作者叙述的顺序，也就分清了相对独立的论据。这样的信号词包括：
first, second, third, and so on, then, after, before, next, last, afterward, finally
5.表示结论/总结的信号词
In conclusion, I would like to say how much I have enjoyed myself today.
词组“in conclusion”前面所提到的一些信息将在这里被归纳总结。读到带有这样的信号词或短语的句子时，应格外留心注意，它们往往会向我们提示相关段落的核心信息。表示结论或总结的信号词和短语还有：
as a result, finally, therefore, accordingly, in short, thus, consequently, in conclusion, so, in brief, in a word
托福阅读怎么快速提分
1、主题——增加背景知识
有部分学生反映做阅读时很难投入进去，有一点原因就是对于文章所述内容太过陌生，如果你对其略知一二，相信定会有所不同。比如TPO中有篇文章讲到化学元素周期表，对于高中生来说再熟悉不过了，阅读的时候半读半猜，估计也可以理解的八九不离十了。
若考试准备时间充足，可以多加涉猎，扩充自己的知识背景;若时间紧张，则需搞定TPO套题。根据文章记忆单词，并不是文章中出现的每一个“陌生的面孔”都要去熟悉，比如一些繁琐的专有名词跳过即可。主要记忆的当然是一些动词、名词及形容词，尤其是出现在句子主干中，与解题有关的词汇。
除了词汇，应学会分析题干及题目，比如题干中出现了effect，conclusion之类的词，其实已经界定了我们寻找的范围——段落靠后的部分，还有就是观点性和总结性的句子永远会是考察的重点所在。做题的时候学会分析原文和选项，进行对比，比如句子简化题，做一题需要看五个长句，似乎很花费时间，但并不需要每个句子都要细看，而是先明确原句的逻辑及主干，抓住选项中的关键点与原句进行比较。
例如：As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting, the Strait of Gibraltar, where the Mediterranean now connects to the Atlantic, opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean.A. The strait of Gibraltar reopened when the Mediterranean and the Atlantic became connected and the cascades of water from one sea to the other caused crustal adjustments and faulting.B. The Mediterranean was dramatically refilled by water from the Atlantic when crustal adjustments and faulting opened the Strait of Gibraltar, the place where the two seas are joined.C. The cascades of water from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean were not as spectacular as the crustal adjustments and faulting that occurred when the Strait of Gibraltar was connected to those seas.D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faultin;g and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar, the Atlantic and Mediterranean were connected and became a single sea with spectacular cascades of water between them。
原句是因果逻辑的句子，先找出其因： crustal adjustments and faulting，果：the Strait opened, and water cascaded spectacularly back into the Mediterranean。接着来看选项：A…. caused crustal adjustments and faulting 显然是因果倒置了，毫不犹豫地灭掉;C. 因为此选项中出现比较not as spectacular as, 非常惹眼的一个核心词，而原文中是修饰动词的副词spectacularly，并未进行比较，二话不说也排除掉;D. As a result of crustal adjustments and faulting and the creation of the Strait of Gibraltar,… 这原因里怎么多出来一项啊，掳袖子撵人吧!
2、题型——注重解题方法
托福阅读10种题型，除最后的小结题外大都属于考查文章细节的题目。根据题干中的关键词定位是至关重要的一步，然后就是理解。此时如果词汇量太小怎么办?事实上做阅读我们永远要牢记的就是找句子主干，考查的信息基本都在主干中体现了，
比如：The deer which once picturesquely dotted the meadows around the fort were gone [in 1832], hunted to extermination in order to protect the crops。
这个句子较长，其中有which引导的定语从句，还有hunted… 这个状语，而解题时我们只需要句子的主干The deer were gone。多数同学在做题时有个习惯就是看到一句话后就开始逐词阅读，甚至试图把它翻译成中文，这可谓“兵家大忌”。
遇到一句话先抓主干，遇到整段记得扫描段落有无显眼的连词，举例信号词等，浏览每段的主题句。
再说一下小结题，大多数考生的切肤之痛。一是做到最后一题时时间已所剩无几，二是最后一题是对全文的主要内容的总结，相对复杂。
在课堂中，我一再向学生强调把握全文结构及大意的重要性，而如何去把握?
一是做题之前可大概浏览文章的标题及每段首句。作为学术性的阅读文章，首句基本都是主题句。尤其是总分结构的文章，比如TPO6中的Infantile Amnesia, 虽然文章较难理解，但是文中明确提出了三种观点first，second，third… 那么此类文章小结题的选项太显而易见了。再者，文章的每段会对应出2-3道题，那么题目中对应的部分基本都是段落的核心所在。从这两点就可以很快了解文章的主要内容。所以在进行TPO练习时，做题虽不可或缺，但还要注意多加练习快速阅读文章的能力。
托福阅读考试中需不需要做笔记相关文章：
★ 托福阅读考试技巧
★ 托福阅读技巧
