托福独立写作丨如何写好独立写作结尾段
托福独立写作是托福写作考试中的最后一项，大家需要根据给出题目选择自己的观点并加以论述。独立写作不仅要写好开头和内容，写好结尾也很重要。下面小编给大家带来托福独立写作丨如何写好独立写作结尾段，希望对大家有所帮助。
托福独立写作丨如何写好独立写作结尾段?
一.托福独立写作之建议性结尾
如果说“如此结论”是结尾最没用的废话，那么“如此建议”应该是最有价值的废话了，因为这里虽然也是废话，但是却用了一个很经典的虚拟语气的句型。
Obviously, it is high time that we took some measures to solve theproblem.Toefl
这里的虚拟语气用得很经典，因为考官本来经常考这个句型，而如果我们自己写出来，你说考官会怎么想呢?
更多句型：
Accordingly, I recommend that some measures be taken.
Consequently, to solve the problem, some measures should be taken.
二.托福独立写作之结论性结尾
说完了，毕竟要归纳一番，相信各位都有这样的经历，领导长篇大论，到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话，我们马上停止开小差，等待领导说结束语。也就是说，开头很好，也必然要有一个精彩的结尾，让读者眼前一亮，你就可以拿高分了，比如下面的例子：
Obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise frompoliteness and respect for others.
更多过渡短语：
to sum up, in conclusion, in brief, on account of this, thus
更多句型：
Thus, it can be concluded that…, Therefore, we canfind that…
托福写作审题和布局方法
一、审题的“精确性”
在上篇中，笔者已经介绍了部分考题中的“绝对性”的应对措施，而根据专家对于过去2年独立写作考题的分析，发现有90%以上的题目属于“支持/反对”型：
2011.01.30
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?
Because the change of the society is so rapidly, people are less happy or less satisfied with their life than people did in the past time.
而剩下的则是由“对比论述型”构成的：
2011.03.13
Some people think children should spend most of their time in studying and playing while others think they should help their parents with the household chores. What’s your opinion?
在审题时，考生必须首先把题目通读1-3遍，彻底把握题目主旨后，方可进行段落布局。在这里，笔者结合自己的经验给考生们一些建议：首先，判断题目是否包含“绝对”含义的词，若有，则按照上篇讲过的建议布局，若没有，则对于同意或者反对的理由进行快速的brain storming, 然后根据分论点的数量及论点的可延展性来敲定立场：
Some people think that human needs for farmland, housing, and industry are more important than saving land for endangered animals. Do you agree or disagree with this point of view? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
Disagree:
1) Endangered animals are valuable because of their limited quantities
2) Environment balance
3) Endangered animals sometimes stand for the country, so they are more valuable than farmlands
Agree:
1) life quality is the top priority
2) endangered animals can be raised in the zoos
经过一番考量，假如考生得出了上述的一些分论点及想法，这时候，主体段的布局基本就可以敲定大方向了。第一种就是完全反对题目的说法，采用五段式结构布局，每个主体段论证上述三个分论点中的一个;第二种也是反对题目的说法，采用五段式结构布局，但是前2个主体段从三个分论点中选二个去论证，而第三个主体段从“同意”的二个分论点里去选一个，最后的结论还是倾向于反对的。第三种是采用四段式结构布局，即第一个主体段从三个反对意见中选择二到三个分论点去写，而第二个主体段则从赞同的分论点里去选择，数量上比前一段少一个即可，最后结论还是倾向于反对多一点。这样说是不是有些同学看了会有点“晕”呢?那下面笔者就再举个简单点的例子吧：
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television, newspapers, magazines, and other media pay too much attention to the personal lives of famous people such as public figures and celebrities. Use specific reasons and details to explain your opinion.
Disagree:
1) Most people are common, so they want to know something about famous ones
2) Famous people stand for some fashion
3) Constrain the public figures
4) Celebrities can improve the national cohesion and unity
又经过了几分钟思考，我们得出了上述的四个分论点，但是一时半会赞同的理由实在是想不出。若考试的时候遇到这种情况，千万别犹豫不决，马上从已经想好的观点里面进行挑选。于是，这个题目我们就采用完全反对的立场，以五段式结构布局全文，主体段的分论点从上述四点中挑选三个展开论述即可。这样一来，大家是不是明白一点了呢?
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents or other adult relatives should make important decisions for their older (15 to 18 year-old) teenage children. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.
Agree: Parents make decision for children.
1) Parents have more experience
2) 15-18 years old children are not adults, so they can't take responsibility
还有一种情况就是我们只能想出两个分论点，这时候考生应该果断采用四段式布局，而这一次，两个主体段都分别论述一个同意的理由，而在结尾时，可以顺便提一些反对的理由，这样也不失为一种灵活的方法，希望考生们可以借鉴。
二、分论点的排列原则
专家提醒考生们，在布局的时候我们不是随意编排分论点的先后顺序，而是需要有一定的逻辑性和合理性。一般说来，五段式的三个主体段，若都是同意或者都是反对的理由的话，一般这些分论点有两种逻辑顺序，即第一种按照“重要性”来排，将你认为最主要的理由放在第一个主体段中详细论证;第二种是按照“小到大”的原则，即个人方面的理由先写，然后再是家庭，公司，最后再是社会，国家等。倘若所有的论点都是在一个范围内的，比如都是属于个人的论点，则这个时候要看这些分论点后续的论证内容的多少，比如某一个分论点你既举得出例子，又可以进行对比或者因果论述的话那肯定应该先写这个分论点，若某一个分论点后续能够阐述的理由只有一句话的时候那就应该果断地将其排在后面写。若文章是四段式的结构，则在一个主体段中的排列顺序和前面讲的原则是一致的。
详谈提高托福写作逻辑性的方法
托福独立作文最重要的因素是什么?当然是论点和论证。一篇好的作文，论点可以提纲挈领，论证可以丰富文章内容。
由于考试时间的限制，很多英语程度好的学生也会出现一些问题。比如说一个学生对作文的论点言之凿凿，但就是写不出东西，或是写不出令自己满意的句子。所以，上考场前，脑中一定要装一些东西，好的例子，好的句子等。
这里强调论据的重要性，不是忽视逻辑和论点的重要性。相反，只要你能够掌握一些万能的论据，对你谋划全篇的结构，以及段落发展，是有好处的。
论据的准备也可以称为素材，可以多去亦鸥看看小伙伴们的写作，这种素材可以是一个短语，一个人名，或是一个完整的例子。这种例子能够辅佐你的乱点，能够画龙点睛。
仿写也是提高作文的一大法宝，可以找到亦鸥考友们的高分作文来进行仿写。仿写的目的是提升语言，不求语言华丽，但求语言要地道。
把握好托福独立写作写作思路
怎样发展成为一篇逻辑性很强的文章呢?下面为大家介绍一些实战做法：
1.首先应该审题，尤其关注作文题目中的绝对性词汇。
比如：Improving school is most important factor to sucessful development of country. 看到most ，我们自然想到用他因法。
2.其次用20秒的时间，整理脑中所有能用的素材，让这些素材称为支持你段落的骨架，然后开始确定段落的论点。
3.把握好过渡词的使用，和适当的论述方法完善你的作文，使之成为一个逻辑整体。
论述方法：条件(假设)法，比如：if 我按照论点那样做，就能cause siginificant effects，除了用if，还能有with, when, only through + 方式+倒装等。
4.尽量使你的语言句式丰富一些。
形式主语，主动，被动，动名词To do作主语，倒装句，there be，以及强调句等等。特别强调一点，为了使你文章的逻辑清晰可见，要使用逻辑连接词。
托福写作范文：诚实是否是社团领导者最重要的品质
写作题目
If you are selecting a leader for a student organization, honesty is the most important to consider in deciding whom to vote for. 如果为学生社团选择一位领导者，性格诚实应该是你选择投票给谁时最重要的考虑因素。
写作范文
Honesty is a good quality to lead a student organization. A lot of students vote for a campaign candidate who is loyal and honest as the best one to lead a student organization. As far as I am concerned, being honest is essential in running a students union; however there are other factors that draw the same attention.
Admittedly, telling the truth when dealing with student affairs is helpful for colleagues to improve. In order to fully support other workmate, directly telling them where the problem is and how to correct it are useful. For example, when a colleague who is new to the Office of Student Affairs, makes a mistake in correctly registering student’ names, plainly pointing out his mistake is necessary. In addition to this, it would be also appropriate to tell him that student’ handwritings are normally scratchy, and there would be more typos if he has not paid enough attention to them. In a word, being honest to his mistake would not discourage his working enterprise, but encourage him to work with more cautions. However, on balance, for a leader to manage the team well, being honest is not enough for the absolutely honest to others would hurt their feelings. To avoid this, we have to consider other factors as a leader of a student organization.
To begin with, admitting to personal mistakes is a crucial characteristics for a leader, which sets foundation for self-improvement. If one is unable to acknowledge where he has failed, he will never be able to begin the process of working on the areas of weakness. In order to be a strong leader, one has to make mistakes, and confront them with a desire to do better in the future. This has more to do with improving your competence as a leader, rather than how people perceive you. A leader will constantly be faced with tough decisions. Every leader thus has to take risks, but a good leader takes calculated risks. The only way to get better at this decision-making process is to make mistakes and learn from them. Also, if you are willing to make your mistakes public, the voters and colleagues may be willing to trust you to take bigger risks in the future.
In addition, how to cooperate with other teammates is also worth noticing. In other words, team cooperation is able to improve the efficiency when encountering difficulties. According to a survey conducted by Gallup, after polling hundreds of student leaders from universities in California, a significant percentage of them regard that being cooperative in dealing with problems could get everybody involved when making decisions. During the discussion, suggestions from different members would make the problems comprehensively considered, and hence minimizing the chance to ignoring certain aspects. Meanwhile, letting everyone have an opportunity to express his opinion makes them feel a part of the team, which is essential to build team spirit.
To sum up, there is no denying that honesty could help a student leader to run the organization. However, to consider it as the most important one is too absolute, and there are other factors, such as admitting to errors and teamwork, that are indispensable for a leader to take consideration.
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