托福阅读该读吗
托福阅读该读吗?为了帮助大家备考托福,下面小编就给大家分享一下,希望对大家有所帮助!
托福阅读该读吗
对英语学习而言,没有输入就没有产出。一个人不能通过听和读获得语言知识,他就不能具有说和写的表达能力。因此,对于学习英语的同学而言,英语阅读具有双重功能,它既是我们学习英语希望获得的技能之一,同时又是我们学习英语和发展其他英语技能的重要途径,这就决定了学习英语阅读的复杂性和多层次性。不了解这—点,我们就只能笼统地讲提高阅读能力,而不能够有系统地、有针对性地进行阅读训练。
在我国目前的英语教学环境里,阅读首先是一种最重要、最基本、使用最频繁的英语学习方法。我们大部分人都是通过阅读去学习英语的。在这个层面上,阅读的主要对象是各级英语教材中的课文,阅读方法主要是精读。
所谓精读,就是把阅读的文本作为语言学习对象来研究、分析和记忆。国内外语教学界把这种形式的教学法叫作“精读教学法”,对应翻译成intensive reading。其实,英美国家的intensive reading和我国的精读并不是一回事。在他们看来,把英语文本当作研究对象,研究其词汇、语法、结构、修辞、文体、主题思想,等等,那根本不是普通读者或学生做的事情,那应该是语言学者、文论家、语文专家的工作。对他们来说,认真、仔细地阅读文本,领会其信息和思想内涵,并以批判的眼光(critical attitude)对其观点和思想加以思考和取舍,那就已经是读得很精了(intensive)。因此,我国英语教学上的这种精读法,英美国家是没有的。但是在我国目前的英语教学条件下,精读法的确是一种有效的英语学习方法。
精读法的学习要点是:从词汇学起,首先掌握每一课单词的发音、拼写、词性、词义、搭配、用法等,要反复诵读、记忆,直到烂熟于心;然后是第一遍默读课文,要有一定速度,抓住文章主题和大意,不过分纠缠细节,若有生词或难句,可以在旁边打上问号;再是第二遍默读课文,逐句逐句地读,读懂每一个句子,每一个单词,读懂文章的中心论点和每个细节;分析文章段落的发展模式和文章的整体结构。总之,要从语言和意义两个角度对课文加以理解、分析和记忆。根据老师的讲解和安排,还应该提出问题,参与讨论并完成课外练习。其中一项重要练习任务是大声朗读课文。朗读是加强记忆、培养语感的好方法。能够背诵课文固然是好事情,但背诵一定要达到滚瓜烂熟才有实际意义;结结巴巴的背诵还不如清晰、流畅的朗读对英语学习有帮助。
精读,实际上是一系列阅读方法的集合体,它包括了研读、默读、朗读和诵读。通过研读和默读获取信息,通过朗读和诵读巩固记忆。应该承认,精读对于学习、消化和吸收英语知识是有效的,但它对英语阅读技能的发展与提高是有阻碍的。主要问题是,精读培养了学生一种很特殊的阅读习惯,即在阅读过程中会自发地把文本翻译成汉语或肢解成语法样本。不翻译就读不懂,不分析语法就不放心。这样,阅读速度十分缓慢,既不适应真实的阅读,又不适应标准化水平考试中的阅读理解,因为这两种情况都不可能给学生大量的时间慢慢读。
托福阅读技巧:托福阅读全部题型盘点
1 词汇题
问法:The word/phrase _X is closest inmeaning to____
技巧:
(1)首先看是否认识, 如果在认识, 在选项中找同义或近义词, 并代入原文检验。
(2)如果不认识,将4个选项代入原文, 看上下文是否合理。
(3)看原词所在句子前后2句, 找重复对应。
(4)如果悬想中有2个悬想都在上下文中合理,选择在含义上与原词沾边的词。
(5)选项中不认识的词不轻易去选。
做题顺序:
看单词,看选项,原文验证。
2 指代题
问法:The word they/ their/ it/ its/ some in the passage refers to
技巧:
(1)单复数
it找单数名词或名词性词组。
they找复数名词或名词性词组。
(2)在主从复合句, 并列句中, 后半句的代词主语优先指代前半句主语的核心词(有例外, 要从意义判断)。
(3)简单句中,代词优先指代主语核心词, 次之制代宾语核心词。
(4)代词所在句子找不到合适的指代, 优先指代前一句主语, 次之指代后一句宾语。
(5)一句话中, 相同的代词指代相同。
3 直接事实题
问法:According to the passage, what/ which/ why/ when?
技巧:定位原文, 细读。
4 infer题(需要精确理解)
注意:既然是infer, imply, 就一定不是原文中明确说的。
技巧:
(1)时间前后推理。
(2)排除法。
(3)不要加入自己的观点。
5 举例说明概述题 (例子的作用)
技巧:
(1)重点不是例子本身, 而是举例子的目的及例子的服务对象。
(2)概述的同义改写就是答案。
6 EXCEPT列举题
技巧:重视文中三个或三个以上的列举 (遇到的话就做笔记记下来---Sissi如是说)。
定位:核心关键词 such as n1, n2, n3………A, B, and/ or C.
7 插入句子题
技巧
(1)待插入的句子中, 代词 this, these their, it, such, he, another 这些通常是上一句]提过的,所以才特指。
(2)因果, 转折等过渡词 therefore, so, however, as a result, consequently, on the contrary.
(3)递进扩展词 furthermore, also, as well, too, other, in addition, moreover, besides, even,additionally.
(4)结构配对词on the one hand…. On the other handsome…others.
(5)关键同义词 重复出现的名词、副词、形容词。
8 句子要点题
问法:which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlightedsentence.
错误选项:
(1) 有新内容, 或有相反内容。
(2) 遗漏了原文中重要信息。
9 全文总结题
(1)注意段首句, 注意自己归纳总结。
(2)关注文章结构,特别是先总后分式。
10 信息归类题
特点:
(1)通常文章采用对比写法。
(2)有无用的选项。
关键:排除无用选项。
托福阅读技巧:表格题答题思路
一、表格题分为两大类:总结表格题和对比表格题。
1、总结表格题
相对而言, 总结表格题的出现频率要高于对比表格题,这是由它们自身特点,出题方式和原文是否具备对比对照关系这三方面的因素决定的。
2、题的出题模式有两种:
一种是针对全文内容出题,答案由全文的主题,细节和重点支持段落的概述三部分组成。另外一种是针对文章中的重点支持性段落出题,答案由这些重点支持性段落主题,段落结论,以及重点支持性例子的概述三部分组成。这里我们重点看第一种出题模式。
The Atlantic Cod Fishery
Off the northeastern shore of North America, from the island of Newfoundland in Canadasouth to new England in the United States, there is a series of shallow areas called banks.Several large banks off Newfoundland are together called Grand Banks, huge shoals on theedge of North American continental shelf, where the warm waters of the Gulf Stream meet thecold waters of Labrador Current. As the currents brush each other, they stir up mineral fromthe ocean floor, providing nutrients for plankton and tiny shrimp-like creatures called krill, whichfeed on the plankton. Herring and other small fish rise to the surface to eat the krill.Groundfish, such as the Atlantic cod, live in the ocean’s bottom layer, congregating in theshallow waters where they prey on krill and small fish. This rich environment has producedcod by the millions and once had a greater density of cod than anywhere else on Earth.
Beginning in the eleventh century, boats from the ports of north western Europe arrived tofish the Grand Banks. For the next eight centuries, the entire Newfoundland economy takingfish back to European markets. Cod laid out to dry on wooden “flakes” was a common sight inthe fishing villages dotting the coast. Settlers in the region used to think the only sea creatureworth talking about was cod, and in the local speech the word “fish” became synonymous withcod. Newfoundland’s national dish was a pudding whose main ingredient was cod.
By the nineteenth century, the Newfoundland fishery was largely controlled by merchantsbased in the capital at St. John’s. They marketed the catch supplied by the fishers working outof more than 600 villages around the long coastline. In return, the merchants provided fishingequipment, clothing, and all the food that could not be grown in the island’s thin, rocky soil.This system kept the fishers in a continuous state of debt and dependence on themerchants.
Until the twentieth century, fishers believed in the cod’s ability to replenish itself andthought that overfishing was impossible. However, Newfoundland’s cod fishery began to showsigns of trouble during the 1930s, when cod failed to support the fishers and thousands wereunemployed. The slump lasted for the next few decades. Then when an international agreementdecided to build up the modern Grand Banks fleet and make fishing a viable economic base forNewfoundland again. All of Newfoundland’s seafood companies were merged into oneconglomerate. By the 1980s, the conglomerate was prospering, and cod were commandingexcellent prices in the market. Consequently, there was a significant increase in the number offishers and fish—processing plant workers.
However, while the offshore fishery was prospering, the inshore fishermen found theircatches dropping off. In 1992, the Canadian government responded by closing the Grand Banksto groundfishing. Newfoundland’s cod fishing and processing industries were shut down in a bidto let the vanishing stocks recover. The moratorium was extended in 1994, when all of theAtlantic cod fisheries in Canada were closed, except for one in Nova Scotia, and strict quotaswere placed on other species of groundfish. Canada’s cod fishing industry collapsed, andaround 40,000 fishers and other industry workers were put out of work.
Atlantic cod stocks had once been so plentiful that early explorers joked about walking onthe backs of the teeming fish. Today, cod stocks are at historically low levels and show no signsof imminent recovery, even after drastic conservation measures and severely limited fishing.Fishermen often blame the diminishing stocks on seals, which prey on cod and otherspecies, but scientists believe that decades of overfishing are to blame. Studies on fishpopulations have shown that cod disappeared from Newfoundland at the same time that stocksstarted rebuilding in Norway, raising the possibility that the cod had migrated. Still, no one canpredict whether and when the cod will return to the Grand Banks.
托福阅读技巧:阅读效率如何提升
如何提高托福阅读效率?托福阅读高分至少六级词汇量
第一是因为托福阅读中有一种题目叫做词汇题,词汇题是这样的一种题:你认识这个单词就肯定能做对,而且能很快地做对。你不认识这个单词就是经过层层推断,耗费了很多时间还很容易得到错误的结果,所以说解决词汇题的王道就是认识这个单词。那么词汇题在托福阅读中究竟有多重要呢?是占了25%以上的比例的。OG上说,每篇阅读题有3-6个单词题(每篇托福阅读总共只有13个题呀),可见词汇题的重要性--只要把词汇题解决了,就能轻松拿下托福阅读中的一大块分数,还为做其它题节省了宝贵的时间。托福阅读的词汇题中考到的词汇是什么难度呢?大概是6级的词汇,也有稍难一些的。所以为了保险起见,单词的水平要达到6级以上,这样就可以把阅读中单词题的分数拿满。
第二是阅读速度的问题。对于中国考生,托福阅读的一大障碍在于时间不够用,读文章的速度太慢了。不是说认识单词就能快速读懂文章,而是说单词量太小阅读速度必然大打折扣!
如何提高托福阅读效率?托福词汇需要专业但不偏
第一是托福阅读考察的词汇是偏于专业性质的,原因是这样:托福考试是为了看考生的英语水平能否保证其在大学中顺利学习专业知识,因此考察的内容是偏重学术的方面的,而阅读文章也多从大学课本的简易内容中选取。所以在背单词的时候对于学术词汇给予一定程度的重视是合理的。
第二是托福阅读考察的专业词汇难度有限。这点也是很自然的,因为托福毕竟是一门英语水平考试,又不是专业考试。托福阅读高分技巧? 难度较大的专业词汇在阅读中确实会出现,但根本不是考察的内容,而且其意思可以很容易地猜出来。
举个例子:Itshouldbeobviousthatcetaceans--whales,porpoises,anddolphins--aremammals,这是OG阅读题中的一个原句。这句话中的cetacean就是一个过分专业而无需背的单词,你只要认识了whales,dolphins,mammals就知道了cetacean是生活在水里(海里的)动物,而且是哺乳动物,这就相当于知道了cetacean的意思了。如何提高托福阅读效率?需要记忆的是mammal,whale,dolphin这种比较常用的专业词汇,而不是cetacean这种生僻的类型,把精力放在背这种艰涩的单词上是很不值得的。
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★ 托福阅读技巧