关于在英语写作中易得高分的使役动词语法讲解
今天我们一起来学习一下使役动词吧,英语中具有使役意义的动词较多,跟人们常常说的使役动词不是一个概念。通常我们说使役动词,指的是make, have, let这三个动词,它们在后接不定式作宾语补足语时要省去不定式符号to。但具有使役意义的动词数量上远不止这些,用法也较灵活,今天就为大家详细讲解。
使役动词have, let, make (常用于复合结构)
1. have的用法
1)have +宾语+do(省略to的不定式):表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系。
The rich lady had the singer eat with her servants.
这位富有的女士让这位歌手和她的仆人一起吃饭。
I will have him come and help you.
我会让他来帮助你的。
2)have+宾语+现在分词:表示让某人或物连续进行某动作或处于某状态中,宾语和宾补是一种主动关系。
The two cheats had the lights burning all night long.
这两个骗子让灯整晚亮着。
He had us waiting for him three hours yesterday.
昨天他让我们一直等了他三个小时。
I have them all talking to each other in English.
我鼓励他们用英语交谈。
3)have +宾语+过去分词:表示主语的主观意志,即主语让别人为自己完成某事,宾语和宾补是动宾关系,还可以表示主语遭受到来利或不测的事。
Tom said he had had his TV set repaired.
汤姆修了他的电视机。(别人修的)
Tom had his wallet stolen on the bus yesterday.
昨天汤姆使他的钱包被偷了。(别人偷的)
4)have+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语作宾补
Please have your tickets ready.
请准备好你的票。
The Emperor had nothing on.
这位皇帝什么都没在做。
I am sure I’ll have him in the argument.
2. let的用法
1)let +宾语+do(省to不定式):表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系。
Let them stay in the classroom and do their exercises themselves.
让他们自己待在教室里做练习吧。
Let AB be equal to CD.
假设AB等于CD.
2)let+宾语+副词/介词短语作宾补
Let me in and let them out.
让我进来,让他们出去。
Who let you into the building?
谁让你进到大楼里来的?
3. make的用法
1)make +宾语+do(省to不定式):表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系。此结构常用被动结构。
The teacher made the naughty boy stand there for an hour.
老师让这个调皮的男孩在那里站了一个小时。
The naughty boy was made to stand there for an hour.
这个调皮的男孩被让在那站了一个小时。
2)make+宾语+过去分词,此结构中的宾语指人时常用到反身代词。
He raised his voice to make himself heard.
他提高嗓音让自己被听到。
They will make an important plan known to the public soon.
他们不久就会让公众知道这个计划。
3)make+宾语+形容词,宾语亦可是从句。
The news made her happy.
这个消息使她快乐。
He made it clear that he objected to the proposal.
他明确表明他反对这个建议。
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