Montage蒙太奇
大家听说过蒙太奇吗?蒙太奇是电影的基本结构手段和叙事方式，是电影艺术的基础。接下来，小编给大家准备了Montage蒙太奇,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
Montage蒙太奇
Montage originates from a French architectural(建筑学的) term， which has been borrowed by the film-making field and refers to the choosing， cutting and combining of separate photographic material so as to make a connected film①. The film artists divide the content into different stages， scenes， etc. and treat them respectively(分别); then based on the theme and the plot， use certain techniques，to edit them， producing the effects of coherence1， echo， contrast， symbolization2， exaggeration， foil and suspense3， resulting in an integrated artistic4 work②. In Charlie Chaplin’s Modern Times， the first scene is of a flock of sheep being put into the fold(羊栏)， and the next is of a group of workers surging into(涌进) the factory. The two different shots， edited and spliced5(接合) together，
imply that the capitalists treat workers as livestock6(牲畜).
Montage can be divided into narrative7(叙述性的) and expressive8 montage. Narrative montage is based on the development of the plot， by which the audience is attracted and enabled to follow the chronological9(按年代顺序排列的) order， to learn the causes and effects easily. If subdivided(细分)，narrative montage consists of consecutive10 montage， paralleled montage， crossing montage and reviewing montage③. But they are not used separately. In film， they merge11 into and supplement one another to manage the subject more freely and thoroughly12④. Expressive montage is a more abstract， general， suggestive and symbolic13 method calling for the audience’s initiative(主动)， meditation(沉思)and analysis(分析). It includes contrastive montage， metaphorical14 montage， psychological montage and rational montage⑤. Unlike narrative montage， expressive montage combines all the shots directly，even without concrete(具体的) images， and probably forces the audience to understand in their own way the internal implications(内涵) carried out by the abstract codes(符号).
【难句解析】
①蒙太奇是电影的基本结构手段和叙事方式，是电影艺术的基础。蒙太奇一词来自法语，本是一个建筑学上的术语，意思是构成和装配。借用到电影艺术中，蒙太奇是指剪辑和组合。
②在影片制作中，艺术家们根据剧本主题的需要、情节的发展将影片所要表现的内容分解为不同的段落、场面、镜头，分别进行拍摄和处理。然后再通过一定的艺术技巧，合乎逻辑而又富有节奏地把它们组合起来，使其相互作用而产生连贯、呼应、对比、暗示、夸张、衬托、悬念等效果，构成一部完整的艺术作品。
③叙事蒙太奇具体可分为连续式蒙太奇、平行式蒙太奇、交叉式蒙太奇和复现式蒙太奇。
④但它们不是孤立的运用，在影片制作过程中往往相辅相成，有机融合，互相衬托和补充，使叙述的内容更加丰富、自由和灵活。
⑤表现蒙太奇具体可分为对比蒙太奇、隐喻蒙太奇、心理蒙太奇和理性蒙太奇。
扩展：破釜沉舟
Break the cooking pots and sink the boats——Cut off all means of retreat(退却)
Toward the end of the third century BC，General Zhang Han of the Qin Dynasty led his army against the State of Chu and defeated(击败)the Chu army.Zhang Han was so carried away with the victory that he neglected(忽略)another Chu army in the south.He led his army north to attack the State of Zhao.The King of Zhao retreated to the city of Julu，present day Xingtai in North China’s Hebei province，and Zhang Han surrounded(包围)the city.
On learning that the King of Zhao was in danger，the King of Chu in the south sent his two
generals Song Yi and Xiang Yu to rescue(解救)the King of Zhao.
The two generals led their troops(军队) north.When they have gone half way，General Song Yi refused to advance before a river.He stayed there for 46 days.Xiang Yu tried to persuade Song Yi to advance further but Song Yi turned a deaf ear.So Xiang Yu killed him and reported it to the King.The King made Xiang Yu the top general.Xiang Yu then sent his officers and 20 thousand soldiers across the river to fight Zhang Han’s troops.But they couldn’t break through， because the enemy troops greatly outnumbered(数量上胜过)them.The officers asked for more soldiers.
At this time，Xiang decided1 to lead all his soldiers across the river to win the battle. He sank the boats after crossing the river，smashed(打碎)his army’s cooking pots and set fire to their huts.He ordered his soldiers to take only three days’food.They had to advance and win the battle，because they couldn’t retreat.Sure enough，the soldiers fought heroically and defeated Zhang Han’s troops and rescued the King of Zhao.
Xiang Yu’s resolute2 actions were later summed up in the idiom Pò Fǔ Chén Zhōu and people use
it to describea person’s resolve(决心)to win.
Questions：
1.What’s the meaning of “carry away”?
2.Which word has the close meaning to“turn a deaf ear”?
3.If you were Xiang Yu，what had you done under that circumstance(情况)?
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