托福写作怎样训练逻辑思维
清晰缜密的逻辑思维是托福写作的加分项，那么我们平时该怎么去训练这种逻辑性呢?下面小编就给大家分享一下!
托福写作怎样训练逻辑思维
经常有学生抱怨说，独立写作很少能找到比较好的范文，去看美国本土的杂志又觉得文体和词句相对托福来说太难了，也不知道美国本土学生遇到托福这样的essay会如何写。其实聪明的学生往往会发现，真正美国人要求的300字以上的独立写作文章往往可以参考综合写作的阅读和听力文章的结构及论证方法，而不用舍近求远。
首先从文章结构上看
阅读文章一共4段，第1段是总的观点，2， 3， 4段都是分论点来论证总观点，ETS一直强调：”structure isfairly important， it's like you see someone in distance what you see is a shapefirst”， 四段式或五段式(加一个结尾段)是理想的文章结构。对于到底几个分论点，ETS说”one is not enough， two is coincidental and three is convincing， four is fine”， 因此对分论点的要求是两个以上为佳。我们不难发现综合作文几乎都是3个分论点。
其次从段落细节上看
第1段是作者事先进行的对文章背景的介绍“教育家们已经意识到高中对于许多同学来说是一个很困难的经历。伴随着学术挑战带来的压力，高中同时也是一个产生社交，情感，甚至是财政压力的地方。”紧接着，作者便很顺当的表明了自己的观点“而减少这些非学术压力的有效方法之一就是通过要求学生穿校服使得学生们都穿相同的衣服。”从首段看出我们想要写好开头段的方法之一便是一定要让读者觉得我们观点的提出不是那么突兀的，而要用一个背景介绍来做很好的引入，背景是这个话题所产生的时间，地点或环境，对于“校服和非学术压力”而言背景的地点应该是在学校，作者定位在了高中，时间是目前很普遍，因此作者用了完成时，而环境则是目前学生的非学术压力有哪些：社交，情感，甚至是财政，这样背景就轻而易举地写好了，独立作文中好的背景介绍是吸引读者眼球，顺水推舟的提出观点的至关重要的一步。紧接着就是表明观点，作者往往会在引入完背景和话题后表明自己的态度，表明观点会有一些提醒读者“我要表达观点了”的信号词，如：the best way to， however/while/but， would benefit/harm; be beneficial/harmful to， be convincing， claim， far more (efficient/trustworthy)， more likely等等，此文章中就用了“one of the effective way of decreasingthis kind of non-academic stress is to require students to wear schooluniforms”让读者很快捕捉到了作者的观点。在独立作文中清晰的表明观点是非常重要的。
第2、3、4段分别是3个分论点，首先分论点句的写法也是有讲究的，综合作文的分论点句往往在每段的开头就写出来了，让读者一目了然这段要写什么，如这篇文章的3个分论点句分别是每段的开头：“穿校服可以使高中花费减少”，“穿校服可以减少青少年的自卑感”，“穿校服会减少学生的欺凌行为”。
写分论点句的5个原则在于：1. 分论点句要有关键词，对于此文章来说关键词是“穿校服”、“减少”，因此分论点句中会重复出现这几个词，但是又不能每句话都用“wearing the same school uniform”和“reduce”， 这时候就要求学生有同义词替换能力，作者用的其他几个同意替换词分别为“such a policy”， “a mandatoryschool-uniform policy”， “eliminate”， “decrease”， 很好地避开了词汇重复。2. 分论点句要能论证总论点，也就是说分论点一定是能减少非学术压力的，那么“花费”、“自卑”、“欺凌”都是非学术压力，减少了这些，自然就证明了减少非学术压力了，因此很好的证明了总论点。3. 分论点句不能太细节，不可太长，要有可拓展性。比如说“减少花费”完全可以问个为什么，如果论点句写“减少花费是由于可以通过穿校服来减少穿贵的流行的衣服来减少花费”这就太细节了，会使得在拓展的时候不知道要写什么了，也就是说你可以接下来用解释法，举例法等来细节展开这个笼统的句子，而不是说完一句分论点句，下面都没有可说的了。4. 分论点句中不能包含2个论点，如把“减少花费和减少自卑感”放在一个论点句里来写就不合适，因为下面的论证就不知道是论证穿校服减少花费还是减少自卑感了，会显得混乱。5. 段与段分论点与分论点之间也要有衔接词，对于这篇关于校服的综合作文，作者在写三个分论点时衔接的非常恰当，用了“one of the most obvious benefits......”，“furthermore.....also”， “finally....”， 使得读者觉得很有层次感。
托福独立写作范文：读小说比看电影更愉快
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Reading fiction (such as novels and short stories) is more enjoyable than watching movies. Use specific reasons and examples to explain your position.
Reading fiction, such as novels and short stories, is more enjoyable than watching a movie. Of course the images in a movie are much more vivid, because you’re seeing them on a large screen in a dark room. The images you “see” in a novel are only as strong as your own imagination. But the more you read, the stronger your imagination becomes. Reading exercise your imaginative powers. Watching a movie dulls them. Imagination like a muscle needs to be used. Otherwise it can disappear.
When you read, you’re an active participant in your own enjoyment. That’s one reason reading develops the imagination. You’re reading the words on the page and translating them into images in your mind. When you’re watching a movie, you’re a passive viewer. The movie is giving you everything. Nothing comes from you except your reaction to what you’re seeing, and even that can be given you by the movie. Some movie plots are so simple, you can predict what’s going to happen before it does.
Reading fiction also develops your storytelling skills. The more reading you do, the better you become at creating plots and characters. The plots and characters in movies are often very simple, because the emphasis is on action rather than on language or character development.
Still, going to the movies is a great community experience. Sitting in a large theater with a lot of other people is fun. You experience the same reactions to what you’re seeing together. Reading is a one-person experience. It’s a chance to go into an imaginary world by yourself. Both experiences can be fun and rewarding, but I think reading fiction is more enjoyable.
托福独立写作范文：年轻人教不了老人什么
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? There is nothing that young people can teach older people. Use specific reasons and details to support your opinion.
Many of us believe that young people have nothing valuable to teach older people. However that is not always the case. Young people can teach older people about technology, young culture, and young-related social issues.
Young people are usually better at using new forms of technology than older people can learn to use computers from young people. This is true of other technology too. For example ,I taught my grandparents how to use a video cassette recorder when I was thirteen years old. They didn’t know what it could do? Showed them. Now they use it regularly.
Older people are usually not familiar with youth culture, and younger people can help here too. This is important because it can help older people live a more enjoyable life. For example, popular music is generally youth oriented, and older people don’t always listen to it. However, when young people teach them about it, they may come to enjoy it. My Grandmother, for example never listened to popular music before I introduces her to it. Note she and I listen and dance all the time. I plan to teach her about another piece of youth culture ---rollerblading----very soon!
Of course, there are more serious issues about which younger people can teach older people. As with computer, today’s children have grown up knowing about AIDS and school violence. That is not true for older generations. Here, again, children can teach older people about things that are important to everyone.
I know there are people who would say “you can’t teach an older dog new tricks.” However, it’s plain to me that the young have plenty to teach the old if they take the time to try. When they do, I think both gain a new appreciation for each other.
托福独立写作范文：人们应该阅读真人真事相关书籍
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should read those books that are about real events, real people, and established facts. Use specific reasons and details to support your opinion.
The Important of Fiction
How could anyone suggest that people should only read about real events, real people, and established facts? For one thing, that means people wouldn’t be reading half of all the great books that have ever been written, not to mention the plays, short stories and poetry. For another, it would mean that people’s imaginations would not develop as children and would remain dulled throughout their lives.
Reading stories as a child helps develop our creativity by reaching us a lot about how to use words to create mental images. It open our world up, exposing us to other times and different ways of living. Reading histories of those times would serve kind of the same purpose, but it probably wouldn’t stick in our minds as sharply. Reading an essay about poverty in Victorian England is not the same thing as reading in Charles Dicken’s Oliver Twist. The images of a small boy being sold are more horrifying than simply reading the statement, “children were sold into labor “because a novel makes that small boy seem real to understanding fiction makes a more lasting impression on our minds and emotions.
Besides, storytelling is an emotional need for human beings. From earliest times, humans have taught their children about life, not by telling them facts and figures, but by telling them stories. Some of these stories show what people are like (human nature),and help us experience a wide range of feelings. Some make us think about how we should act. Telling a child that it’s wrong to lie will make little impression, but telling him the story of a little boy whose grows longer every time be tell a lie will make a big impression.
Fiction is too important to our culture, our minds, and our emotions. How could we ever give it up?
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