托福写作素材:科技类话题汇总
科技类话题是托福作文常考得内容。本文整理了托福写作话题中关于科技问题的托福写作素材汇总。考生可以参考本文的托福写作必备素材内容，多多积累相关资料。祝大家取得好成绩!
新托福写作万能素材：约网友
We owe much to the development and expansion of the Internet. It has enabled one of the main technological and cultural revolutions in recent history: theemergence of social media. Over the last 10 years, online social media have grown extremely fast and become central to the lives of hundreds of millions of people.Social platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, Pinterest, Instagram, and Google Plus allow us to communicate with family, friends, and people that we would have never had the chance to meet regularly. Some social media such as LinkedIn and Meetup are becoming important tools for our work and business networking.However, although many people spent considerable part of their lives interacting with social media, others refuse to engage with online social networking. Let's dissect some of the benefits and dangers of social networking.
The pros of social networking
Social networks allow us to keep in touch with people that we meet at different points in our lives and reconnect with old friends that we may have not seen in years for various reasons. Online social media help bridge previously insurmountable physical distances. Before Facebook, it was difficult to follow what your friends were doing. You could write emails, and before that letters, but the sense of proximity that people get by reading comments and things friends share and seeing their pictures on the social media is something never achieved before. Instant messaging services, such as Whatsapp, and conference call software, such as Skype, add to this new feeling of proximity with people that may be leaving thousands of miles away.
Social networks offer their users the capacity to get almost immediate access to information about things happening elsewhere. When something important happens in the world people often find out almost immediately through social media. Just by spending five minutes on your Twitter, Facebook or Reddit feed you can learn about global social, cultural and economic events and trends.They even allow to shame the politicians and other people that have done or said something unethical or wrong.
These platforms also allow for global interaction with people from different backgrounds. Before social media, interacting with people from distant places was almost exclusively the privilege of those who could afford travelling. Now through social networking sites we often engage in discussions and can establish friendships with people very different from us. Some social media even facilitate people meeting face-to-face. For instance, networks such as Couchsurfing allow you to live for some time with people you might have otherwise never met. Likewise some social networksspecialized in dating help people meeting others and often establish long term relationships.
Thanks to the social networks some people and small companies cangain visibility for their products and creations without having to invest much in advertising. Social networks can also very effective ways to find a job, a business partner or an employee.
Finally, social platforms, such as netivist, help to promote public participation andcivic engagement. People have new means to express their views and defend causes they find worth fighting for. Protest movements around the world, such as the Arab Spring, the Occupy Movement and the European Indignados employed social media for the mobilization and organization of protesters. At the same time, the use of social media, such as Twitter or Reddit, by Obama during his campaign for the White House is a good example of how politicians and citizens can interact more directly to the benefit of political participation and democratic processes.
The cons of social media
However, social media may also have some negative effects on our lives and the way people interact. First of all, it is argued that social media may insulate us from the people that surround us. Although these platforms make communication easier and more flexible with those far away, they can have the opposite impact on our relationships with the people we live with. Who has not been in a family or friends' reunion, where everyone is just looking at their smartphones or tablets rather than speaking to each other?
Social networks serve to disseminate information, but the validity of this information cannot always be verified. Thus, social media can be used to spread rumors, propaganda, and misleading information. Sometimes this information canhave negative impact on the lives of people. Apologies and rectifications tend not to reach as many people and travel as fast as flashy erroneous information. Harm is not always undone or compensated.
新托福写作万能素材：我为啥要买最新的iPhone7
Why People Adopt Or Wait For New Technology
On the Quora, Alexia Tsotsis asked an interesting question: What are the key differences between “Normals” (normal mainstream users) and tech early adopters?Here’s the answer I posted:
(I’ve been thinking about this question for a while now. Something was bothering me and I think I’ve figure it out.
Instead of thinking about ‘early adopters’ and ‘normals’ as if they are two homogeneous groups, I think it’s better to look at the motivations that triggersomeone to buy into a new technology or solution at various points in the release timeline. Here’s some of our research findings, as we try to understand when people take to new stuff:)
People Who Are First
In our research, we’ve found three main reasons that someone adopts a product or service early on.
获得社会地位：
Being First to Gain Social Status
Many of the answers describing early adopters are talking about a select group of people who are the first to acquire new technologies and solutions — those with the motivation to be amongst the first. In our research, there are common themes of drivers for this motivation.
These individuals tend to drive their social status by knowing the latest-and-greatest in what’s happening in the tech space. The people we’ve interviewed tell us they enjoy the thrill of having something before others, of knowing details about what’s happening, and of partaking in the ‘insider’ community of the tech world.
职业的需要，测评：
For these individuals, it’s a passionate avocation, sometimes professional, to collect and promote their newest items. They don’t need the products for what they do, they just want them to be at the leading edge of use. You can think of it like movie reviewers — they go to practically every movie, to serve as an informed authority for others in their influence circles on how good it is and what the salient features are.
These folks aren’t very loyal customers. In our research, they infrequently use something once another item comes out to replace it. (Plus, if they develop enough of a reputation, they are often given the first version, so they don’t even provide the initial revenue.) They are, in effect, an extension of the marketing machine for the product.
Being First as Product Research
There’s another group we found in our research: those folks who want to be first because they need to keep up for professional reasons. They are almost always in the tech community (or in fringe communities, like financial analysts that study the tech world). They buy the new to understand the core of the innovations that are happening.
Their interest isn’t in use, but in reverse engineering, on some level. They want to see what makes it tick and how to exploit any good ideas for other projects they may have.
These aren’t very loyal customers either. They don’t really care about the product or the company that made it, beyond what salient innovations they can take away.
满足急需的需求：
Being First to Solve An Active Need
Unlike the other two categories above, this group jumps at a new product or service because it promises to solve a need they find very pressing. For these folks, they’re currently feeling pain and the new product or service is a solution.
各种例证：
Recently, we’ve seen this with the Toyota Prius (need: be more environmentally friendly and reduce gas consumption), Apple iPod (need: have more music available), Apple iPhone (need: a better mobile experience), TiVo (need: time-shifted television watching), Dropbox (need: share files across devices and with colleagues), and Cirque du Soleil (need: a grown-up circus).
(What’s interesting is the folks who buy into these products early on don’t typically buy into just any products early. They have a real need and are willing to take the risks of the early product to resolve it.
This group isn’t responsive to brands per se, though a successful outcome willstrengthen brand engagement. They don’t automatically buy other products from the same brand. (For example, most strongly-pleased iPhone customers didn’t purchase Apple TV, even though it’s a sister product.)
In some cases, the active need is because their existing solution is slowly killing them through what we call the “death of a thousand cuts.” They are feeling increasing pain with their existing solution and are looking for any compelling reason to move away.
Of the three groups I’ve mentioned so far, this is the only one who actually uses the product for more than experimentation. Unlike the other groups, the folks in this group’s successes and pain points are similar to what you’ll see with later groups. These are the folks to design for.)
新托福写作万能素材：科技改变我们的生活
How Does Technology Impact Your Daily Life?
Over the last two decades, our lives have been slowly taken over by technology. Take a moment to look around you. How many screens do you see? Did you include the one you’re reading this on?
Our Wi-Fi-enabled gadgets have changed the way we work, play, and even raise our children. Today’s offices would be unrecognizable to workers of the past thanks to the proliferation of emails, video conferencing, tablets, laptop computers, and other relatively recent innovations. Meanwhile, more and more of our personal time is influenced by our gadgets (OK, smart phones) with each passing day.
...
The novelty of constant online connections and instant communication may have begun to wear thin for older generations, but the next wave of Americans have no such qualms. Their tech-dependent lifestyles are already causing huge changes in both the professional and private spheres. The change may be inevitable…unless theWi-Fi cuts out, of course.
Our Digitized Professional Lives
As many as 79% of employees now “work on virtual teams,” be it by email, online collaboration, messaging, video conferences, or some combination of any of the above. A 2013 Pew Research study found “94% of jobholders are Internet users.” This includes full-time, part-time, and freelance workers in technology companies, big corporations, and small businesses, who work in cities, the suburbs, rural America, and everywhere in between.
For most of the last century, communicating professionally meant writing letters, sending faxes, or spending hours on the phone. Not anymore. Email is now theprimary means of communication in the modern workplace. We are communicating more, faster, and better than ever before. And employers have been reaping the benefits. A major report cited by British newspaper The Telegraph found that the incorporation of technology into the workplace has led to an “84% increase in productivity per hour for office workers since the 1970s.” The major influencers? Email, business software, and yes, even cell phones.
Technology Gets Personal
We don’t leave technology at the workplace. In fact, our private lives might beeven more tech-enabled than our professional lives. In the 1980s and 1990s, our televisions were often the height of our home technology. Some people had clunky personal computers, a Nintendo for the kids, and maybe even a telephone in their car(remember those?).
Information from the Census Bureau tells us that 15% of homes had a personal computer in 1989; by 2011 that number climbed to 75%. Now we have desktop computers, laptops, smartphones, tablets, Apple watches, GPS-enabled cars, and more coming every day. Forget unplugging after the 5 or-6 o’clock whistle blows—we plug in instead.
In fact, going without tech might trigger an existential crisis for some (that sound you hear is Albert Camus rolling over in his grave). Our technology helps us learn,date, eat, socialize, and so much more.
The only time we don’t use technology is when we are exercising flying sleeping, well, dead. For now…
A New Generation of Digital Natives
Anyone born before the advent of technology in their daily lives is considered a“digital immigrant.” Older generations invented our tech-enabled society, but thegenerations born in this millennium are the first true “digital natives.”
While the “digital rehab” programs older generations have begun using to push back against the all-consuming digital saturation are gaining traction, these programs may make as much sense to younger generations as getting up from the couch to change the channel on the TV. The genie is out of the bottle, and technology is said to have even changed the way younger generations perceive reality.
We’re assuming they perceive reality as that thing happening just beyond the horizon of their laptop, tablet, or smartphone screen (as long as someone is tweeting about it). Although it’s easy to make fun of the next generation’s digital obsession, it will soon be impossible to ignore it. The digital natives are on pace to outnumber the digital immigrants before long.
The Bottom Line
Technology is now so integrated with our lives that going without it can causesevere anxiety for some. It’s not hard to see why. Technology has taken over.
Both our professional and personal lives are now technology dependent. While older generations are fighting back with unplugged retreats, the next wave of Americans can’t picture their lives without tech. They might not have anything to worry about. The future favors these digital natives.
新托福写作素材：整合学校资源
Reorganize: Resources
Resources of time, money, and facilities must be restructured. The school day should allow for more in-depth project work beyond the 45-minute period, including block scheduling of classes two hours or longer. Schools should not close for a three-month summer vacation, but should remain open for student activities, teacher development, and community use. Through the practice of looping, elementary school teachers stay with a class for two or more years,deepening their relationships with students. More money in school districtsshould be directed to the classroom rather than the bureaucracy.
New school construction and renovation should emphasize school design that supports students and teachers collaborating in teams, with pervasive access to technology. Schools can be redesigned to also serve as community centers that provide health and social services for families, as well as counseling and parenting classes.
Reality Check: The school year at the Alice Carlson Applied Learning Center, in Fort Worth, Texas, consists of four blocks of about nine weeks each. Intersession workshops allow its K-5 students time for hands-on arts, science, and computer projects or sports in addition to language arts and math enrichment.
新托福写作素材重点搭配摘抄:
deepening their relationships with students ： 加深跟学生的关系
be directed to ：转向到
construction and renovation：建设和修缮
托福写作素材适用题目：
A strong ability to be cooperative and work with others is more valuable than a strong ability to lead others.
We should require our young children (5-10) to learn music and art in addition to math, science history and language.
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