用四个步骤拿下雅思英语写作
大部分中国烤鸭在准备雅思写作词汇部分的时候无疑会遇见两个问题：一是背了很多单词用不出来，二是如何用词会得分。在本文中，将从四个步骤来分析雅思写作词汇部分的应用方式，为广大烤鸭们解决这一难题。
1. 常用词或短语的高分替换
整个雅思考试的主线很大程度上都是围绕词汇的替换来进行的，听说读写四门科目都有涉猎到这个要求。那么如何做到词汇的不重复呢，积累一些高频的替换词以及词组是考生在备考过程中的一个必经之路。我们可以先看看雅思写作范文里面的一段话：
In modern society, juvenile delinquency has been soaring in some major cities, the main reason for which, I suppose, is that teenagers nowadays are very likely to be spoiled by their parents. Besides, young people frequently exposed to violence in the mass media are more likely to commit a crime. Finally, the impact from their peers cannot be ignored since youngsters have not developed a sound system of judging what is right and what is wrong.
在论述青少年犯罪的这道题目中，划线部分对青少年的同义词转换就用了四次，来做到词汇尽量避免重复的要求。我们还可以通过以下几个例子来熟悉这个方法：
Eg1: Many companies nowadays use modern communication technology to hold meetings. 在这句话中，划线部分use我们就可以用词组take advantage of来达到替换的效果。
Eg2: When making a decision, people will consider many factors.
同样地，看到consider这个词，马上可以想到take into account/consideration的替换结构。
Eg3: The government should try to make public transportation better.
The authorities are supposed to make great efforts to improve public transportation. 这句话中的替换结构就比较多，从government到authorities, 从should到be supposed to, 从try to do到make great efforts to, 最后从make sth better到improve的替换，都是一些常用的替换结构。
Eg4: Poor students in countryside cannot get good education.
Impoverished students in rural areas cannot afford a decent education.
这个句子中也对poor, countryside, get, good进行了同义词的转换。所以说，如何做到减少重复性，积累一些基本的替换结构是非常必要的，不仅润色语言，而且词汇也不会显得太单一。
2. 精彩合成词
雅思写作中的合成词功力非常大，不仅是考试的一个加分亮点，也可使语言表达更加言简意赅。所以，积累一些合成词也是词汇得分的一大法宝。比如我们在表达playing computers is a waste of time的时候，浪费时间这个词就可以用time-consuming这个合成词来表达。同样地，在环境类考题中，如果想表示节约能源，简单地可以用save energy来表达，如果换成合成词，用energy-saving效果更佳，在此基础上，把节约的save换成conserve就更完美了，节约能源就可以表达为energy-conserving。常见的合成词还有以下几个：
densely-populated region 人口密集的地区
long-term effect 长期影响
exam-oriented education 应试教育
cross-culture communication 跨文化交流
这样的合成词在考试里面的应用还有很多，烤鸭们应做好平时各个话题的积累工作。
3. 副词的妙用
副词的妙用使得含义表达得准确而精炼。使用副词可以让表达不会太中文化。我们先看以下几个例句中的副词使用：
Eg1: Taking physical exercise is beneficial for our physical and mental health.
Taking physical exercise is physically and mentally beneficial for health.
Eg2: The popularization of cross-nation tourism can improve the economy.
The popularization of cross-nation tourism can be economically beneficial.
Eg3: Using fertilizer is unfit for the preservation of ecological environment.
Using fertilizer is ecologically unfit for the preservation of environment.
Eg4: Governments should give financial support to those kids from a poverty-stricken family.
Governments should be financially supportive to those kids from a poverty-stricken family.
通过对比以上划线部分，可以看出，使用副词不仅可以避免一定程度上的重复，也可以让语言更加地道，基本技巧就是将句子的名词变成动词或者形容词，来达到被副词修饰的效果。还值得注意的是在副词的使用过程中，少用very, 多用准确的搭配。例如：
Eg1: The shipping container transformed ocean shipping into a highly efficient, intensively competitive business.
Eg2: They still heavily rely on nature to provide food and clothing.
4. 词性转换
在雅思写作中，通过词性转变来更加灵活地表达常常能达到意想不到的结果。这在小作文中十分常见，如peak at(达到最高点)，bottom out at(达到最低点)，level off(保持水平)，skyrocket(急剧上升)等。例如：
Eg1: Taking an unpaid work enables young people to adapt to the society better.
Taking an unpaid work can strengthen young people’s adaptability.
Eg2: Interactions between team members can not only improve interpersonal skills but also make individuals more accountable.
Interactions between team members can not only improve interpersonal skills but also cultivate individual accountability.
词性转换一般是名词和动词的互换、形容词和副词的互换比较多，也是让单词更丰富的有效方法之一。
总之，词汇部分是雅思作文得高分的重要部分，考生们在积累词汇之后更重要的是学会如何精准的应用，注意语境和考点的差异，切忌词汇的滥用和误用。
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