托福阅读陷阱：专有名词不一定是定位信息词

楚薇2分享 2020-07-18 13:30:22

在托福TOEFL阅读中，存在许多致命的陷阱：文章句句都要读句句都要懂吗?常见单词怎么还有这么生僻的意思?题干中的陷阱在哪儿等托福阅读陷阱。下面小编给大家带来托福阅读陷阱：专有名词不一定是定位信息词。

托福阅读陷阱：专有名词不一定是定位信息词

老师们一定告诉过你们，看到专有名词就画出来，以方便定位，但是不分“青红皂白”的画专有名词，只会得到适得其反的效果。

新托福阅读中的题目定位其实不难，但前提是定位信息要选准，也就是定位的点要对。通常情况下我们优先选择作为定位信息的是：专有名词、术语、物质名词、特殊名称等，但在做题过程中要具体情况具体分析，考生们千万不可以一刀切。如OG Practice Test2的第七题中题干为“Paragraph 2 suggests that which of the following is one of the most important factors in determining differences in feeding preferences of East African herbivores?”该题干中有专有名词“EastAfrican”，如果考生们用该词定位，肯定会导致无法定位到该题对应文章内容的准确位置。无法准确定位，必然耗时，而且影响考试心情。实际上考生们在考试时应该注意该篇文章的标题为“FEEDING HABITS OF EASTAFRICAN HERBIVORES”，标题中已经出现“EAST AFRICAN HERBIVORES”，因此我们可以得知该篇文章整篇都是关于EAST AFRICAN HERBIVORES的，如果还是以它为定位词，肯定定位不到所需信息的准确位置。而该题的定位信息应该为“differences in feeding preferences”。

托福阅读备考的四个步骤

第一步，背单词。建议背诵大学4级单词和托福单词。4级单词是为了打好基础，对于基础较为薄弱的考生，这部分的复习是很有必要的。另外就是托福词汇，一般的托福词汇书即可，为了使复习更有针对性。

第二步，语法。新托福虽然不在单独考语法题，但是语法不乱在写作、阅读还是口语甚至听力上都占有举足轻重的地位，因此掌握托福的基础很有必要。在练习中可以通过写作，并在老师的批改指导下不断地练习。

第三步，长难句。英语考试的核心应该是注重应用和理解，分析长难句，其实最关键的目的就是要去让自己快速的理解和整合句意，以达到快速解题的目的。

第四步，看美剧。尤其是要将中文字幕放在屏幕上面，英文字幕放在屏幕下面。这样做的目的就是让我们还原英语是一门语言的这个本质，去多接触英语怎么说，通过量变达到质变。

托福阅读真题解析1

PASSAGE 5

Perhaps the most obvious way artistic creation reflects how people live is by mirroring theenvironment — the materials and technologies available to a culture. Stone, wood, tree bark, clay,and sand are generally available materials. In addition, depending on the locality, other resourcesmay be accessible: shells, horns, gold, copper, and silver. The different uses to which societies putthese materials are of interest to anthropologists who may ask, for example, why people chooseto use clay and not copper when both items are available. Although there are no conclusiveanswers yet, the way in which a society views its environment is sometimes apparent in its choiceand use of artistic materials. The use of certain metals, for example, may be reserved forceremonial objects of special importance. Or the belief in the supernatural powers of a stone ortree may cause a sculptor to be sensitive to that material.

What is particularly meaningful to anthropologist is the realization that although thematerials available to a society may to some extent limit or influence what it can do artistically,the materials by no means determine what is done. Why do the artists in Japanese society rakesand into patterns; and the artists in Roman society melt sand to form glass? Moreover, evenwhen the same material is used in the same way by members of different societies, the form orstyle of the work varies enormously from culture to culture. A society may simply choose torepresent objects or phenomena that are important to its population. An examination of the artof the Middle Ages tells us something about the medieval preoccupation with theologicaldoctrine. In addition to revealing the primary concerns of a society, the content of that society'sart may also reflect the culture's social stratification.

1. According to the passage , gold, copper, and silver are

(A) more difficult to handle than wood and

(B) of their stable social conditions

(D) available only in specific locations

2. The word conclusive in line 7 is closest in meaning to

(A) definitive

(B) controversial

(D) realistic

3. The word apparent in line 8 is closest in meaning to

(A) attractive

(B) logical

(D) distinct

4. Why does the author mention the supernatural powers of a stone or tree in line 10?

(A) to show that some sculptors avoid working with specific materials

(B) to emphasize the unusual properties of certain materials

(D) as an illustration of the impact of the environment on religious beliefs

5. The word it in line 13 refers to

(A) realization

(B) society

(D) influence

6. It can be inferred that the author mentions the Japanese and Roman societies because

(A) they influenced each other stone

(B) commonly used by artists in all societies

(D) they used the same artistic material in very different ways

7. According to the passage , all of the following statements about sand are true EXCEPT

(A) It is used to create glass.

(B) Roman artists mix it into their paints.

(D) Japanese artists use it to create artistic patterns.

8. The word Moreover in line 16 is closest in meaning to

(A) similarly

(B) in addition

(D) frequently

9. The word preoccupation in line 20 is closest in meaning to

(A) involvement

(B) separation

(D) argument

10. The word primary in line 21 is closest in meaning to

(A) discrete

(B) preliminary

(D) fundamental

PASSAGE 5 DACCB DBBAD

托福阅读真题解析2

PASSAGE 6

Potash (the old name for potassium carbonate) is one of the two alkalis (the other being soda,sodium carbonate) that were used from remote antiquity in the making of glass, and from theearly Middle Ages in the making of soap: the former being the product of heating a mixture ofalkali and sand, the latter a product of alkali and vegetable oil. Their importance in thecommunities of colonial North America need hardly be stressed.

Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass- or soap-making eitherwould do. Soda was obtained largely from the ashes of certain Mediterranean sea plants, potashfrom those of inland vegetation. Hence potash was more familiar to the early European settlersof the North American continent.

The settlement at Jamestown in Virginia was in many ways a microcosm of the economy ofcolonial North America, and potash was one of its first concerns. It was required for theglassworks, the first factory in the British colonies, and was produced in sufficient quantity topermit the inclusion of potash in the first cargo shipped out of Jamestown. The second ship toarrive in the settlement from England included among its passengers experts in potash making.

The method of making potash was simple enough. Logs was piled up and burned in the open,and the ashes collected. The ashes were placed in a barrel with holes in the bottom, and waterwas poured over them. The solution draining from the barrel was boiled down in iron kettles. Theresulting mass was further heated to fuse the mass into what was called potash.

In North America, potash making quickly became an adjunct to the clearing of land foragriculture, for it was estimated that as much as half the cost of clearing land could be recoveredby the sale of potash. Some potash was exported from Maine and New Hampshire in theseventeenth century, but the market turned out to be mainly domestic, consisting mostly ofshipments from the northern to the southern colonies. For despite the beginning of the trade atJamestown and such encouragements as a series of acts to encourage the making of potash,beginning in 1707 in South Carolina, the softwoods in the South proved to be poor sources of thesubstance.

1. What aspect of potash does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) How it was made

(B) Its value as a product for export

(D) Its importance in colonial North America

2. All of the following statements are true of both potash and soda EXPECT:

(A) They are alkalis.

(B) They are made from sea plants.

(D) They are used in making glass.

3. They phrase the latter in line 4 refers to

(A) alkali

(B) glass

(D) soap

4. The word stressed in line 6 is closest in meaning to

(A) defined

(B) emphasized

(D) mentioned

5. The word interchangeable in line 7 is closest in meaning to

(A) convenient

(B) identifiable

(D) advantageous

6. It can be inferred from the passage that potash was more common than soda in colonial North

America because

(A) the materials needed for making soda were not readily available

(B) making potash required less time than making soda

(D) the colonial glassworks found soda more difficult to use

7. According to paragraph 4, all of the following were needed for making potash EXCEPT

(A) wood

(B) fire

(D) water

8. The word adjunct in line 22 is closest in meaning to

(A) addition

(B) answer

(D) possibility

9. According to the passage , a major benefit of making potash was that

(A) it could be exported to Europe in exchange for other goods

(B) it helped finance the creation of farms

(D) stimulated the development of new ways of glassmaking

10. According to paragraph 5, the softwoods in the South posed which of the following problems

for southern settles?

(A) The softwoods were not very plentiful.

(B) The softwoods could not be used to build houses.

(D) The softwoods were not very useful for making potash.

PASSAGE 6 DBDBC ACABD

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