英语句子结构类型
英语句子结构类型有很多种，但是并不是很复杂，小编在这里整理了相关知识，希望能帮助到大家。
句子种类详细介绍
祈使句结构
祈使句用以表达命令，要求，请求，劝告等。
1) 祈使句有两种类型，一种是以动词原形开头，在动词原形之前加do (但只限于省略第二人称主语的句子)。
Take this seat.
Do be careful.
否定结构：
Don't move.
Don't be late.
2) 第二种祈使句以let开头。Let 的反意疑问句
a. Let's 包括说话者
Let's have another try，shall we / shan't we?
= Shall we have another try?
b. Let us 不包括说话者
Let us have another try，will you / won't you?
= Will you please let us have another try?
否定结构：
Let's not talk of that matter.
Let us not talk of that matter.
感叹句结构
感叹句通常有what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜 悦、等感情。
what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词，副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种，掌握它的搭配，即掌握了感叹句的重点。
| How +形容词+ a +名词+陈述语序 | How clever a boy he is! |
| How+形容词或副词+陈述语序 | How lovely the baby is! |
| What +名词+陈述语序 | What noise they are making! |
| What+a+形容词+名词+陈述语序 | What a clever boy he is! |
| What+ 形容词+复数名词+陈述语序 | What wonderful ideas (we have)! |
| What+ 形容词+不可数名词+陈述语序 | What cold weather it is! |
| 感叹句的省略形式 | What a clever boy (he is)! |
典型例题
1)___ food you've cooked!
A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice
答案D. 由于How 修饰形容词，副词;what修饰名词。且food为不可数名词，因此A，B 排除。C How + adj. 后面不能再加名词，因此只有D正确，其句型为What + adj. +n. (不可数)
2)___terrible weather we've been having these days!
A. What B. What a C. How D. How a
答案A. weather为不可数名词，B，D排除。C为how + adj. 后面不应有名词。只有A，符合句型What +形容词+不可数名词。
3) _____ I had!--You really suffered a lot.
A. What a time B. What time C. How a time D. how time
答案A. 感叹句分两类：
1：What + n.+主谓部分
2：How + adj. / adv. / v.+主谓部分。本题属第一种，但省略了bad，相对于 What a bad time I had! 这是个习惯用语。
强调句结构
常考的强调句结构是it 引导的句子。
It is (was) 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子其他部分。
此结构强调的成分仅限于主语，宾语和状语。
It is from the sun that we get light and heat.
It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.
典型例题
1) It was last night ___ I see the comet.
A. the time B. when C. that D. which
答案C. 强调句的结构是： It +be +强调部分 + that (who) + 主谓句。 强调句的连词只有两个，that和who。当强调的部分是人，且为句子的主语时，才用 "who"，其余用that。
原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调主语： It was my father who did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening.
强调宾语： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening.
强调时间： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when)
强调地点： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening.
2)It is ten years ___ Miss Green returned to Canada.
A. that B. when C. since D. as
答案C. 考点是连词用法。 本题易误选为A. that. 其实本句不是强调句。若是，去掉It be… that还应是一个完整的句子。而本句去掉 'It is…that'，只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是强调句。
It is /was +时间+ since… 其中is<---> has been was <---> had been.
用助动词进行强调
强调句还有一种类型，就是用助动词do (did，does) 强调谓语。
She does like this horse.
她的确喜欢这匹马。
Please do take care of yourself.
千万保重。
反意疑问句
1) 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't I.
I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?
2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。
The Swede made no answer, did he / she?
Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?
4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
9) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
He must be a doctor, isn't he?
You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?
11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。
What colours, aren't they?
What a smell, isn't it?
12) 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。
Everything is ready, isn't it?
14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：
a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。
Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare you?
当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。
Don't do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won't you ?
注意： Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?
18) 陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
There will not be any trouble, will there?
19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
It is impossible, isn't it?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
20) must在表"推测"时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。
He must be there now, isn't he?
It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?
| 快速记忆表 | |
| 陈述部分的谓语 | 疑问部分 |
| I | aren't I |
| Wish | may +主语 |
no,nothing,nobody,never,few, seldom, hardly,rarely, little等否定含义的词 | 肯定含义 |
| ought to（肯定的） | shouldn't/ oughtn't +主语 |
| have to+v.(had to+v.) | don't +主语(didn't +主语) |
| used to | didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语 |
| had better + v. | hadn't you |
| would rather + v. | wouldn't +主语 |
| you'd like to + v. | wouldn't +主语 |
| must | 根据实际情况而定 |
| 感叹句中 | be +主语 |
| Neither…nor,either…or 连接的根并列主语 | 据其实际逻辑意义而定 |
| 指示代词或不定代词everything ,that,nothing,this | 主语用it |
| 并列复合句 | 谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定 |
| 定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句 | 根据主句的谓语而定 |
| think,believe,expect,suppose,imagine等引导 | 与宾语从句相对应的从句 |
| everybody,anyone,somebody,nobody,no one | 复数they, 单数he |
| 情态动词dare或need | do +主语 |
| 省去主语的祈使句 | will you？ |
| Let's 开头的祈使句 | Shall we? |
| Let us 开头的祈使句 | Will you? |
| there be | 相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词） |
| 否定前缀不能视为否定词 | 仍用否定形式 |
| must表"推测" | 根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句 |
补充阅读
按用途分
种类 | 类型 | 例句 |
陈述句 | 肯定句 | We love our motherland. 我们热爱祖国。 |
否定句 | They don’t go to work on Sundays. 他们星期日不上班。 | |
疑问句 | 一般疑问句 | Are you a worker? 你是个工人吗？ Haven’t you seen the film? 你没看过这部电影吗？ |
特殊疑问句 | Who is the man? 这人是谁？ When do you watch TV? 你什么时间看电视？ What are they doing now? 他们现在正在干什么？ | |
选择疑问句 | Do you want tea or coffee? Either will do. 你要茶水还是要咖啡？哪种都行。 Does he learn Japanese or French? He learns French. 他学日语还是学法语？他学法语。 | |
反意疑问句 | They are going to the airport, aren’t they? 他们要去机场，是吗？ You haven’t finished your homework, have you? 你没做完作业，是吗？ | |
祈使句 | 肯定句 | Be sure to get there at eight. 务必八点钟到那儿。 |
否定句 | Don’t worry. I’ll help you out. 别担心，我会帮助你的。 | |
感叹句 | what + 名词 | What great changes we have had these years! 这几年我们有了多么大的变化啊! What a fine day it is! 多好的天气呀! |
how + 形容词或副词 | How brave he is! 他多么勇敢呀! How hard they are working! 他们工作多努力呀！ | |
how +句子 | How time flies! 时间过得多么快呀! | |
How + adj. + a (an) + n.=What a(an)+adj.+n | How nice a boy (he is) !=What a nice boy (he is)! 多好的孩子啊! |
按结构分
种类 | 类型 | 例句 |
简单句 | 主+谓 | They disappeared. 他们消失了。 |
主+谓+宾 | He likes swimming.他喜欢游泳。 We help each other. 我们互相帮助。 | |
主+谓+间宾+直接宾 | I told my friend the good news. 我把好消息告诉了我的朋友。 They sent us a telegram. 他们给我们拍了电报。 | |
主+谓+宾+宾补 | They named the boy Jack. 他们给孩子起名叫杰克。 I want everything ready by eight o’clock. 我要求一切都要在八点前准备好。 | |
主+系+表 | She is a university student. 她是一名大学生。 He has become a pilot. 他已成为一名飞行员。 | |
并列句 | 并列关系and, not only…but also, neither …nor, both…and, not…but, | Either you do it, or I ask for somebody else to do it. 要么你来做，要么我请其他人来做。 Neither Tom nor Jack has finished the homework. 汤姆和杰克都没有完成作业。 Not couldn’t they complete the task, but the task was too tough. 不是他们完不成任务，而是任务太重了。 |
转折关系but,while（而，尽管） nevertheless(然而；不过) | John likes playing basketball, but he didn’t play it yesterday. 约翰喜欢打篮球，但他昨天没打。 | |
选择关系or, otherwise or else, either…or | We must hurry, or we’ll miss the train. 我们必须快点，否则会赶不上火车。 Either you come to my place or I go to yours. 或者你到我这儿来，或者我到你那去。 | |
因果关系for, so, thus, therefore, and so | We had better stay at home, for it was raining. 我们最好呆在家里，因为天正在下雨。 He didn’t work hard, therefore he failed in the examination. 他学习不努力，因此这次考试不及格。 | |
复合句 | 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体，从句是全句的一个成分，不能独立。 | 从句有：名词性从句（主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和同位语从句） 状语从句 定语从句 |
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