there be的特殊用法

　　there be 的特殊用法

　　一、there be 结构的非谓语形式

　　There be 结构为非谓语形式时，be可以是不定式(to be)或(being)，there 作逻辑主语。非谓语形式的there to be 和there being 结构可用作主语、宾语、或状语。例如：There being a bus stop near the village is a great advantage .村庄旁边有个汽车站，真是方便极了。(作主语)

　　We expect there to be no argument .我们希望不再出现争吵。(作宾语)There being no buses , we had to walk home .由于没有公共汽车了，我们只好步行回家。(做状语)There not being any water to drink , he fell rather thirsty .因为没有水喝，他感到很渴。(做状语)那么，什么时候用there to be,什么时候用there being呢?

　　1.做主语

　　(1) 有for引导，则用there to be

　　It’s a great pity for there to be much trouble in the class. 太遗憾了，这个班上有多方面的麻烦。 It is common for there to be problems of communication between teachers and students. 老师与学生人之间存在着沟通问题是很常见的。

　　(2) 没有for引导，则用there being

　　There being a public bus service is a great convenience to people. 公交车对人们十分方便。

　　The prison is heavily guarded. There being no hope of escape is certain.

　　2.做动词的宾语

　　(1)跟动名词的动词后用there being。常见的动词有：deny, appreciate, mind, imagine, admit等。

　　(2)跟不定式的动词后用there to be。常见的动词有：want, expect, wish, like , hate, would like, prefer, mean, intend等。She denied there being any misunderstanding between them.她否认他们之间有任何误会。　Teachers don’t want there to be any students lagging behind. 老师不希望有任何学生掉队。They hate there to be long queues everywhere. 他们不愿意处处都要排长队。

　　3.做作状语

　　(1)作独立主格结构，用there being.There being nothing else to do, they went home.没有别的事做，他们回家了。There being nobody else to help me, I had to do by myself.由于没有人帮我，我只得单干了

　　(2)但若置于介词for之后，则用there to be，整个介词短语作程度状语。It was too late for there to be any buses. 太晚了，不会有公共汽车了。It is enough for there to be five minutes. 五分钟就足够了。

　　二、.There be+主语+ doing，其中主语与现在分词存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表示动作正在进行或现在、过去的状态

　　例如：At one time , there were long queues of people waiting outside the CAAC office .

　　曾经人们在中国民航售票处排队等候。There were so many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters couldn’t get close to the building .街上观火的人太多，消防队员无法靠近大楼。

　　2. There be+主语+ done, 其中过去分词与主语存在逻辑上的动宾关系且表示被动意义

　　例如：There were lots of good English language programmers broadcast on TV or on the air in China.有许多很好的英语节目在中国的广播电台或电视台播出。There are also gymnastics performed in China and some other Asian countries . 中国及亚洲其它国家也进行体操表演。

　　3. There be+主语+ to do / to be done ,其中不定式与主语通常有逻辑上的动宾关系或主谓关系，不定式表示尚未发生或将要发生的动作

　　例如：There are a few simple safe measures to follow / to be followed while training . 有一些简单的安全措施，供训练时遵照执行。I hope there will be more people to attend the conference .我希望有更多的人来参加会议。如果强调不定式的动作被别人做时可以用不定式的被动式。例如：There were lots of materials to be sent to the government office next week .有许多材料在下周要送到政府办公室去。

　　巩固练习

　　1. It is not uncommon for ______ problems of communication between old and young.

　　A. there to be B. there being C. there to being D. there be

　　2. — We didn’t find Smith attending the lecture.

　　— No one had told him about ______ a lecture the following day.

　　A. there was B. there to be C. there being D. there be

　　3. ____ nothing more to discuss, the secretary-general got to his feet, said goodbye and left the room.

　　A. There was B. Being C. As there being D. There being

　　4. The students expected there ______ more reviewing classes before the final exams.

　　A.is B. being C. have been D. to be

　　5. We have no objection to___ a meeting here.

　　A. there to be B. there being C. there be D. there is

　　6. I don’t want there _____ misunderstanding.

　　A. was B. being C. been D. to be

　　7. There _____ a big tree here when I was a child.

　　A. is B. used to be C. used to being D. was used to

　　8. There ____ no money left, I can’t buy the book.

　　A. being B. is C. to be D. are

　　9. There has been a car _____.

　　A. stealing B. to steal C. has been stolen D. stolen

　　10. There is going to ____ a meeting tomorrow.

　　A. have B. hold C. having D. be

　　11. _____ to take a taxi.

　　A. There is no necessary B. It’s no necessity

　　C. There is no necessity D. There is not necessity

　　12. There must have been a heavy rain yesterday, _____?

　　A. hasn’t there B. have there C. mustn’t there D. wasn’t there

　　13.There is a river ______around our school.

　　A. To run B. run C. running D. to be running

　　14._______ a certain doubt among the students as to the necessary of the work .

　　A. It existed B. There had C. There existing D. There existed

　　15.__________no bus, we had to walk home.

　　A. There being B. Being C. Having been D. There was

　　16._______no bus, we had to walk home.

　　A. As there being B. As there was C. Being D. There was

　　17.There _____ no buses now , we had to go home on foot .

　　A. is B. were C. are D. being

　　过关练习：用there to be 和there being填空。

　　1.I'd like ________ a swimming pool in the garden.

　　2. There's little hope of ________ a settlement of the dispute.

　　3. For ________ so many mistakes in my homework is impossible

　　4. Sam was counting on ________ another chance.

　　5. It's necessary for ________ more houses built next year.

　　6. ________ no more choice, the old man cried bitterly.

　　7. ________ an index to this dictionary is a great advantage.

　　8. The chairman was surprised at ________ such heated discussion about the problem.

　　9. Jim intended ________ a family reunion during the Christmas.

　　10. I hate ________ stops every stop when I travel by train.

　　参考答案：1.A 2.C 3. D 4. D 5.B 6. D 7.B 8.A 9.D 10.D 11. C 12. D 13.C 14.D 15. A 16. B 17.D (过关练习)1.there to be 2. there being 3. there to be 4. there being 5, there to be 6.there being 7.there being 8. there being 9. there to be 10. there to be