高考英语语法学习窍门
语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。这也是高考语法中经常考察的。下面是学习啦小编给大家整理的高考英语语法学习窍门，供大家参阅!
高考英语语法学习窍门：语态
1、含有被动意义的主动动词
sell wash write read
The new type (of ) TV receiver sells well.
This book reads interesting.
The pen writes quite smoothly.
This (kind of) cloth washes very well.
This cloth is washed. (洗好了)
2、常用被动结构的动词
be born be married be obliged be hurt
be caught in the rain be covered with
I was caught in the rain on the way back.
3、主动表示被动的情况
①知觉动词 + adj.
The material feels very soft.
The music sounds too loud.
②非谓语动词
A. need want require be worth
Your coat wants mending ( to be mended).
B. Subj. + be + adj. + to do (vt.)
The chair is comfortable to sit on
★ be to blame (该受责备)
C. There be
There are six letters to write (to be written).
③ prove -vi. (被)证明是
He will prove (to be) the winner.
4、get + p. p.
She got caught in the rain.
From then on, her leg got treated four times a day.
5、(人)+ be + 情感动词-ed
be surprised (astonished, etc. ) at (with ….)
His words astonished everyone in the room.
→ Everyone was astonished at his words.
be delighted at (with); be pleased at (by, with );
be tired of (from); be satisfied with;
be worried about; be interested in;
be frightened ( terrified) at
6、自动和它动
很多动词既可以用vt. 又可以用vi, 但要注意：
The door opened ( by itself). The door was opened.
The village since we last visited it.
A. has changed
B. has been changed (A)
The planned has been changed.
7、被动语态 + by (with) + 行为主体
by 后接人或物做某事
with 后接手段、方式、工具
He was killed by a falling stone
He was killed with a knife.
8、注意下列被动形式
①be being done
② have been done
③ be going to be
The bridge is said to be being built.
The bridge is said to have been built.
高考英语语法学习窍门：情态动词
1、情态动词 + have done sth
这个结构有着特殊意义：用来表示猜测(设想可能发生过什么事情)或
想象(设想可能出现过什么不同的情况)
①should (ought to) have done sth 本来该做而未做
This wall oughtn’t to have been painted blue.
②need have done sth 本来有必要做而未做
You needn’t have told her the news.
③must have done sth 对过去所做动作的肯定推测
---We went to Paris.
---That must have been nice.
④can have done sth 对过去所做动作的否定或疑问推测
I don’t think he can have heard you. Call again.
Where can John have put the matches?
⑤may (might) have done sth 过去可能发生某事，与could相比，may和 might可能性较小，might 可能性更小;might 也可表示过去可能发生而未发生的事情。
Polly’s very late----she may (might) have missed her etrain.
You were stupid to try climbing there. You might have killed youself
⑥could have done sth
●推测过去”可能“发生某事 (同can, 但can不用肯定句)
She could have gone off with some friends.
●表示过去没有实现的可能性：某事可能发生，但却没有发生
You were stupid to go skiing there----you could have broken your leg.
●表示有能力做而未做(虚拟语气)
You could have helped me !
(You were able to help me, but you didn’t.)
2、can could be able to 表示”能力“
●can 通常表示现在的或”一般的能力“---即你无论什么时候想做就能
做到的能力, 指单纯的表示一个人有某种能力。
You can certainly cook, even if you can’t do anything else.
●be able to表示某人通过努力、克服困难做成某事。
will be able to 表示将来的能力
I’ll be able to speak German in another few months.
●could 表达 ”一般的能力“---即你过去想干什么就可以干什么
She could sing like an angel when she was a kid.
但could 不能表达过去某种具体的能力，此时用was able to, managed to 或 succeeded in 等
How many eggs were you able to get ?
3、can, could, may和might 表示”可能性“
●可用来表示：①理论上的可能性(不涉及是否真发生);②提出建议
(提出解决某个问题的可能办法或者采取的行动);③在问句或否定句中表达现在的可能性)
Anybody who wants to can become a prison visitor.
①---What shall we do ?
---We can try asking Lucy for help. ②
Who can that be at the door ? Can it be Polly? ③
●may 可用来表达：①将来的可能性;②说话时某事可能是真实的
We may go climbing this summer. ①
You may be right. ②
●could / might 可用来表示： ①说话时某事可能是真实的;②将来
某事有可能发生，但不表示特别可能发生。
You could be right, but I don’t think you are. ①
It could rain later on this evening. ②
4、can, could, may 和might表示“允许”
①请求允许：它们都可以表示请求允许做某事,could 和 might并不是表示过去
Can (May, Could) I borrow your umbrella ?
②允许：当我们允许某人做某事时，我们用can和may来表达，而不能使用could和might
You may / can watch TV for as long as you like. (不用could, might; mustn’t 有“拒绝”的意思)
---Could I use your phone?
---Yes, of course you can /may. (No, you can’t / may not.)
高考英语语法学习窍门：省略与替代
Ⅰ、动词不定式中的省略
1.在下列动词see ，watch ，notice ， observe ， look at ， make ， have ，let ， hear ， listen to ， feel等后的不定式做宾补，要省略不定式符号。
2.在...do nothing but / except do ...的结构中，在介词but或except后作宾语时不定式符号要省略。
3.在would rather和had better后不定式符号要省略。
4.在几个不定式并列时，第二个、第三个不定式的不定式符号要省略。
5.在expect ，forget ， like ，want ， wish ， try ， have ， need ， used ， ought ， be able ， be going 等动词和动词词组后接的不定式中，不定式符号后面的动词原形常省略。
Ⅱ、从句中的省略
1.在if ， as if ，while ， when ， where ， although ， unless ， what ， whether等引起的状语从句中可以省略主谓部分。
Mistakes， if any ，should be corrected .( = if there are any mistakes)
Please come again ，if possible.(= if it possible for you to come)
Fill in the proper articles where necessary.(= where they are necessary)
He won’t come ，unless invited .(= unless he is invited)
He opened his lips as if to say something .(= as if he were going to say something)
2. 在if引起的从句中如有等词倒装时，省略if。
Were I you, I would not do it.
Had we known your telephone number, I would have given you a phone call.
3. We have finished our homework, so have they. (= and they have finished their homework , too)
If you don’t go to the concert, neither shall I. (= I shall not go to the concert either)
4.宾语从句中连词that引起的宾语从句和定语从句中的关系代词that、which，whom等
在定语从句中作宾与可以省略that。
Ⅲ、介词的省略
prevent sb (from) doing sth.
stop sb (from) doing sth.
have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth.
spend time / money (in) doing sth.
be busy (in) doing sth.
Ⅳ、替代
省略与代替的作用是什么?
1.so代替前面句子中已经表达过的词,短语或句子(多是宾与从句). 与so 连用的常用动词有：hope , believe, think , be afraid , expect , surprise, imagine等.
2.用not代替so的情况.
3.用不定式符号代替不定式.
4.用do在句子中代替其它动词.
