This与Here的用法及区别
This的意思是pron.这，这个; 这事，这人; 这时; 下面所说的事;his与Here的用法及区别有哪些呢?本文是学习啦小编整理his与Here的用法及区别的资料，仅供参考。
This与Here的用法及区别
This 指代词，Here 一般指地点，或者广义的范围
This is the place I like to go ; Here is the place I like to go 这里应该同指地点
This is the girl ; Here is a girl 这里的this就是指girl ,而这里的Here指的就不是girl，而是指的女孩所在的位置或范围
here的用法
“here”是表示“处所”的副词, 表示“在这里”。但它的用法却不仅如此, 现作简单归纳。
1. 常用在动词be之后, 作表语, 表示“在/到这里”。主语可以是表特指的名词、代词、不定代词„„等, 有时也可用泛指性的名词词组。如:
Ann is not here.
— Where is my shirt?
— It's here.
— Where are they?
— They are here.
Is everyone here today?
Are we all here?
肯定陈述句中, 这种“here”有时也可提前置于句首。主语若为名词, 应引起倒装; 主语若为人称代词, 则“主谓”要用正常语序。这种提前主要是为了强调。如:
— Where's my watch?
— Is it in your bag?
— No, it isn't. Oh, here it is. (— It is here. )It's in my pencil-box.
若主语为泛指性名词, 还原正常语序时, 应用“There be +主语+here”句型。
Here is an English book. (=There is an English book here. An English book is here. )
2. 用在其他行为动词之后或句末, 作状语, 表示运动的方向, 行为发生的处所, 放置东西的处所„„等。如:
Come here, please.
Please sit down here.
Put them here.
还常用在“there be..."结构末作状语:
There are some books here.
There aren't any cats here.
here和there用法
here/there是也是我们生活中最常用的单词，它的用法主要有哪些呢?还有，上学时老师说，它们是副词，前面不能加介词in，这种说法对吗?要解决这些问题，我们从它的词性来分析，从名著中找到例句。
一、here/there 作为 副词
这个词性是我们最常用的，主要在句中主要作状语、定语和表语(主要在be动词之后，也有人说be动词后here/there为形容词)，例：
1. At that moment he felt him stop moving but the weight was still there. 《老人与海》
2. “I wish the boy was here,” he said aloud and…《老人与海》
3. And so we have come here today to dramatize a shameful condition. 《我有一个梦》
3. ''for Mrs. Long has just been here, and she told me all about it.'' 《傲慢与偏见》
2. I had to sit there and listen to that crap. 《麦田里的守望者》
3. “No, don’t let’s go there. They’ll be in a stew getting ready for the barbecue tomorrow and besides—” 《飘》
二、here/there 作为 感叹词
作为感叹词，主要常见于口语中，例：
1. Hi, there! 你好! 《走遍美国》
2. Here, I'll hold this for you. 《阿甘正传》
三、here/there作为 名词(也有的人和书上把这种用法说成是代词。)
这种用法本也是常见的，但是我们却很少去分析，尤其在讨论到其前是否可加介词in时，很多人都说不行，因为here/there是副词，特别是老师在上课上多数这样说，一直导至对许多英语学习者认为in here和in there是错误的用法;其实这是一种非常错误的说法，in here和in there 在英语作品中是非常常用的。下面分别计论一前面加介词的常见情况：
(一)around here/there, from here/there, over here/there
这些词组是我们英语中非常常见的，但是很多人却很少思考和分析;他们并没有意思到around, from, over 都是介词，所以其后的here/there应该是名词。
1. And their intermarrying has made them different from other folks around here.《飘》
2. "I can't turn around here, Mac. This here's a one-way. 《麦田》
3. The dolphin look greener from there and …《老人与海》
4. Just compare me with those rag-tags over there and you’ll appreciate me more.《飘》
(二)out of here/there
这个用法也是我们在英语作品中非常常见的，out of 为介词，所以些外的here/there也是名词，例：
1. You may be getting the hell out of here, but I have to stick around long enough to graduate.麦田
2. You crossed the line. Wheel this meat out of here. 《阿凡达》
3. Fall back now, get out of there. 《阿凡达》
(三)in here 和 in there
每当说到here/there之间能否加介词in时，很多人，尤其是一些教师总会这样说：here/there是副词，前而不能加介词，所以不能加in，例如go there, come here。这样的错误的说法一直影响着人们，所以第当出现in here或in there时，多数人认为是错误的，都说应该去掉in。实际上，in here和in there不但是正确的，而且在英语作品中是很常见的，例如：
1. "Phoebe, have you been smoking a cigarette in here? Tell me the truth, please, young lady." 《麦田》
2. He will fool them again this morning, in there, in the midst …《独身男子》
既然这样，in here/there和here/there的用法有什么区别呢?in here 指“在这里面”，here 仅表示“在这儿”，换言之，in here表达的“在这儿，这里”比here表达的范围更小、更具体。同样，in there与 in here 的用法差不多，意思指“在那儿里面”，表达的意思比there更小、更具体。例：
3. It’s cold here. 这儿很冷。(指一个较大的范围。)
4. It’s cold in here. 这里面很冷。(指一个较小、更具体的范围，比如一个房间内。)
英语文学作品中的例子更是举不胜举：
5. The field-folk shut in there traded northward and westward… 《德伯家的苔丝》
6. He's in there now with his law books finding out the law of libel. 《尤里西斯》
7. Mrs. Reed said calmly，'Take her away to the red room and lock her in there.'And so I was carried upstairs，arms waving and legs kicking.《简爱》
8. "And stop worrying, Crookshanks will be sleeping in my dormitory and Scabbers in yours, what's the problem? Poor Crookshanks, that witch said he'd been in there for ages; no one wanted him." 《哈利波特与阿兹卡班的囚徒》
9. "Huck, you just wait till we get in there... "《汤姆·索亚历险记》
10. “Dad, did you start the wash?” I shouted out my door.
“Um, no,” he shouted back, sounding guilty. “Did you want me to?”
“No, I got it. Were you looking for something in my room?”
“No. Why?”
“I can’t find . . . a shirt. . . .”
“I haven’t been in there.” 《暮光之城3-月食》
注：除了习惯上可以和以上的这些介词连用外，一般是不能和at 连用的。
所以，由上可以得出：there 除了副词，还有名词的词性，若笼统地说前面不能加介词绝对是错的，例如 around there/here, over there/here，就像home 一样，前面也是可以加介词的，如at home,或in home; 我们平常说的前面不能加介词，是说它作为副词时，前面不能加介词to，如go to there(错)。
this,that和it用法
一，this，that和it用法
(1)this和that是指示代词，it是人称代词。
(2)距离说话人近的人或物用this, 距离说话人远的人或物用that。如： This is a flower. 这是一朵花。(近处) That is a tree. 那是一棵树。(远处)
(3)放在一起的两样东西，先说this, 后说that。如：
This is a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。
(4)向别人介绍某人时说This is„, 不说That is„。如：
This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom. 这是海伦，海伦，这是汤姆。
(5)This is 不能缩写, 而That is可以缩写。如：
This is a bike. That’s a car. 这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。
(6)打电话时，介绍自己用this, 询问对方用that。如： —Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂，是格林小姐吗? —Yes, this is. Who’s that? 是的，我是，你是谁?
注意：虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你”，但英语中打电话时绝不可以说：I am„, Are you„?/Who are you?
(7)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时, 要用it代替this或that。如：
①—Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗? —Yes, it is. 是的，它是。
②—What’s that? 那是什么? —It’s a kite. 是只风筝。
二.these和those用法
this, that, these和those是指示代词，these是this的复数形式,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。 ①This is my bed. That is Lily’s bed. 这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。 ②These pictures are good. 这些画很好。 ③ Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗?
在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时，通常用they代替these或those以避免
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重复。如：
④Are these/those your apples? 这些(那些)是你的苹果吗? Yes, they are. 是的，他们是。 一填空
1. I like _____ pants. _______ pants are red.(这些) 2. I don’t like ____ shoes. ____shoes are too small.(那些)
3. I want _____(这个) sweater. I don’t want________(那个) sweater._____ (那个)is too big. 二、英汉互译。
1. 这支钢笔 2. 那些英语书 3. these erasers 4. that car 三、选择。
( )
1. __________ pen is red. ________ pencil is green. A. this, that B. These, Those C. That, Those
D. This, That ( )2. Is _____ a panda over there? A. this B. that C. those D. these ( )
3. ________two boys are Mr. Green’s sons. A. This B. These C. That D. those
( )4. __________ two girls are Mary and Linda. A. This B. They C. That D. Those
5. _______is Mr. White and _____ is my father. A. This,those B. That,these C. These,these D. This,this
三，There be句型
(1) There be句型主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物)。” 下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记there be句型结构：
There be放句首，主语跟在后。地、时放句末，强调置前头。如： There is a book on the desk. 有时为了强调地点，也可把介词短语放在句首。如： On the desk there is a book.
(2)There be句型中的be动词如何确定呢?请先看看下面这首歌诀：
Be动词，有三个，am，is还有are。“There be”真特别，不留am只留俩，那就是is还有are。要用is还是are，须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is，否则就用are。如 ①There is a tree behind the house.
②There is some water(水)in the bottle(瓶子). ③There are some pears in the box.
(3)注意：如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词，那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说，“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is，是复数就用are。如：
①There is a book and some pens on the floor. ②There are some pens and a book on the floor. 练习1：用is或are填空
1. There________many monkeys in the mountain. 2. There_______a beautiful garden in our school. 3. There _________some water in the glass. 4. There __________some bread on the table.
5. _________there any maps on the wall?
6. There __________twenty desks in our classroom.
四，have/has
五.区别except/besides和except for：
except：指“(不包括本身在内的)除„„之外”，“-” E.g. He gets up early every day except Sunday. besides：指“(包括本身在内的)除„„之外”，“+” E.g. Five others were late besides me. except for：指前后比较范围是不同类型的 E.g. Except for one old man, the bus was empty.
语法易错点归纳总结
[第一类] 名词类
1. 这些女老师们在干什么?
[误] What are the woman teachers doing? [正] What are the women teachers doing?
[析] 在英语中，当一名词作定语修饰另一名词(单或复数形式)时，作定语的名词一般要用其单数形式;但当man，woman作定语修饰可数名词复数形式时，要用其复数形式men，women.
2. 房间里有多少人?
[误] How many peoples are there in the room? [正] How many people are there in the room?
[析] people作“人、人们”解时，是个集合名词，其单复数同形。 3. 我想为我儿子买两瓶牛奶。
[误] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son.
7. There__________a bird in the tree. 8. There __________some trees near the house. 9. ________there a cup of tea on the table? 10. There_________some apple juice in the glass. 11. There_____a bed and two chairs in Betty's room. 12. There __________some milk in the bottle. 13. There __________some children in the park.
14. There __________an ice cream in the boy’s hand.
15. There__________a teacher and many students in our classroom.
16. There_______many birds and a lion in the forest. 17. There__________an orange on the table. 18. There__________many things over there
19. There__________an eraser in the pencil-case.
20. There__________a football match on television this evening
[正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.
[析] 表示不可数名词的数量时，常用“a / an或数词 +表量的可数名词 + of + 不可数名词”这一结构， 其中当数词大于1时，表量的可数名词要用其复数形式。
[第二类] 动词类
4. 你妹妹通常什么时候去上学?
[误] What time does your sister usually goes to school? [正] What time does your sister usually go to school?
[析] 借助助动词do(或does)构成疑问句或否定句时，句中的谓语动词用其原形。 5. 琳达晚上经常做作业，但今晚她在看电视。
[误] Linda often do her homework in the evening，but this evening she watching TV. [正] Linda often does her homework in the evening，but this evening she is watching TV.
[析] 在初一英语学习阶段，我们接触到了两种主要时态：一般现在时和现在进行时。一般现在时表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常和often，usually，sometimes 等时间状语连用。在一般现在时的句子中，若主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词要用其第三人称单数形式。现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行或发生的动作，现在进行时由be(am / is / are) + ving形式构成。 6 这双鞋是红色的。 [误] This pair of shoes are red. [正] This pair of shoes is red.
[析] 在shoes，trousers，gloves，glasses等表示成双成对的衣物或工具名词前用pair(表计量)修饰时，谓语动词的形式由pair的单复数形式来决定。
[第三类] 代词类
7. 这张票是她的，不是我的。 [误] This is hers ticket. It’s not my. [正] This is her ticket. It’s not mine.
[析] 物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。形容词性物主代词之后一定要接名词，而名词性物主代词之后不需接任何词。
8. 吴老师教我们英语。 [误] Miss Wu teaches our English. [正] Miss Wu teaches us English.
[析] teach sb. sth.中的sb.作teach的宾语，因此当sb.为人称代词时要用其宾格形式。
[第四类] 介词类
9. 你能找到这个问题的答案吗?
[误] Can you find the answer of this question? [正] Can you find the answer to this question?
[析] 英语中用“the answer to „”表示“„„的答案”。类似结构还有the key to the door，the way to the zoo
10. 格林先生星期六上午来这里。
[误] Mr Green will come here in Sunday evening. [正] Mr Green will come here on Sunday evening.
[析] 表示在上午、下午等时，介词要用in;而表示在具体的某天上午、下午时，介词要用on.
11. 那个穿着红裙子的小女孩是我们老师的女儿。 [误] That little girl on a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter. [正] That little girl in a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.
[析] 用介词表示“穿戴衣物”时，只能用in，其他介词没有此用法。
[第五类] 副词类
12. 莉莉，你为什么不回家呢? [误] Lily，why don’t you go to home? [正] Lily，why don’t you go home?
[析] come，go 等后接here，there，home等地点副词时，地点副词前不加to。
[第六类] 连词类
13. 我喜欢语文和英语，但我不喜欢体育和历史。
[误] I like Chinese and English，but I don’t like P.E.and history. [正] I like Chinese and English，but I don’t like P.E.or history.
[析] 在肯定句中并列成分之间用and来连接;而在否定句中，并列成分之间的连接需用or。
[第七类] 冠词类
14. 乘飞机去北京花了史密斯一家人一个小时。 [误] It takes Smiths a hour to go to Beijing by a plane. [正] It takes the Smiths an hour to go to Beijing by plane. [析] 1.表示“„„一家人”用结构“the + 姓氏复数”;
2.our 一词的第一个字母不发音，它是以元音音素开头的，所以“一小时”要用 an hour; 3.用介词by表示“乘坐”某种交通工具时，交通工具名词前不加任何冠词。
[第八类] 句法类
15. ――你不是学生吗? ――不，我是学生。 [误] ――Aren’t you a student? ――No， I am.
[正] ――Aren’t you a student? ――Yes， I am.
[析] 对否定疑问句的回答是用Yes还是用No，这取决于实际情况：如果事实是肯定的，就用Yes表“不”;如果事实是否定的，就用No表“是的”。
中考真题练习
1. — What about Mr. Black\'s speech?
—Wonderful! There were ____________ people there.
A. a large number of B. much C. a great deal of D. lots 2. My uncle went to Australia last year. We haven\'t seen him_______.
A. since almost a year B. from almost a year on C. after almost a year
D. since almost a year ago
3. — What would you like for _______ breakfast, Mr. Scott? —Three pieces of bread with_______ cup of black tea, please.
A. a; a B.不填; the C. a; the D.不填;a
4. — What are you looking for, Michelle?
—My cousin's MP3 player. It _______ right here, and now it's_______.
A. has been; gone B .was; gone C. was; going D. is; going 5. — Can your brother make model airplane? —Yes, this week he ______ a new model.
A. builds B. is built Chad built D. is building
6. Mr. White is of great help; you ______ let him go.
A .had not better B. had better don\' t C. had better not
D. had no better 7. My grandfather wants ______ around the world because he enjoys ______ new places. A. travelling; seeing B. to travel; to see C. to travel; seeing
D. travelling; to see 8. Mr. Watson won’t be here next week, and______.
A. neither his wife will B. neither his wife won\' t C. his wife won\' t neither
D. his wife won\' t either
