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初一英语上册期末复习总结汇总(2)

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  Unit4 Hobbies

  1、all的部分否定和全否定:

  肯定句:All the stars are the same. 所有的星星都是一样的。

  部分否定:Not all the stars are the same. = All stars are not the same.

  全否定句:None of the stars are the same. (none /n∧n/ 所有都不)

  2、It’s+ adj. + to do sth. 做什么事情是怎样的。

  It是形式主语,真正的主语是to do sth.

  E.g.It’s important to learn English well. = To learn English well is important. =Learning English well is important.

  3、aswell as连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词用“就远原则”,也就是跟最前边的主语保持一致。

  E.g.The teacher as well as the students wants to see the film.

  4、when从句可放在主句前或后,当位于主句之前时,句中要用逗号隔开。

  5、when时间状语从句中,主句与从句的时态要一致。

  6、区别except/besides和except for:

  except:指“(不包括本身在内的)除……之外”,“-”

  E.g.He gets up early every day except Sunday.

  besides:指“(包括本身在内的)除……之外”,“+”

  E.g.Five others were late besides me.

  exceptfor:指前后比较范围是不同类型的

  E.g.Except for one old man, the bus was empty.

  Unit5 Encyclopaedias

  1、当neither…nor…连接两个主语时,主谓一致采用“就近原则”,即跟后边的那个主语保持人称和数的一致。

  E.g.Neither you nor she is wrong. Neither shenor you are wrong.

  2、anumber of“许多的;大量的”,=many,修饰可数名词复数,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。

  E.g.A number of students are playing on the playground.

  3、Countable& Uncountable Noun 可数与不可数名词:

单数

复数

this 这个

these 这些

that 那个

those 那些

  ●修饰可数名词:不定冠词(a, an),数词many, (a)few, several, a number of

  修饰不可数名词:much, (a)little, a great deal of

  共同的:some, all, a lot of, lots of

  ●可数名词复数的构成方法:

  (1)一般在名词后加-s:dog→dogs

  (2)以s, x, sh, ch结尾的名词加-es:watch→watches

  (3)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词改y为i再加es:country→countries

  (4)以o结尾的名词,加-s或-es:potato→potatoes, tomato→tomatoes

  (5)以f, fe结尾的名词,改f, fe为v加-es:knife→knives

  (6)需要记忆的特殊复数形式

  复合词的复数:改中心词为复数 girl student→girl students

  一张纸 a piece of paper, 一条建议 a piece of advice, 一条新闻 a piece of news,

  一支粉笔 a piece of chalk, 一瓶墨水 a bottle of ink, 一碗米饭 a bowl of rice,

  一杯啤酒 a glass of beer, 一公斤盐 a kilo of salt

  易错知识点归类例析

  [第一类] 名词类

  1.这些女老师们在干什么?

  [误] What are the woman teachers doing?

  [正] What are the women teachers doing?

  [析] 在英语中,当一名词作定语修饰另一名词(单或复数形式)时,作定语的名词一般要用其单数形式;但当man,woman作定语修饰可数名词复数形式时,要用其复数形式men,women.

  2.房间里有多少人?

  [误] How many peoples are there in the room?

  [正] How many people are there in the room?

  [析] people作“人、人们”解时,是个集合名词,其单复数同形。

  3.我想为我儿子买两瓶牛奶。

  [误] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son.

  [正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son.

  [析] 表示不可数名词的数量时,常用“a / an或数词+表量的可数名词+ of + 不可数名词”这一结构,其中当数词大于1时,表量的可数名词要用其复数形式。

  [第二类] 动词类

  4.你妹妹通常什么时候去上学?

  [误] What time does your sister usually goes to school?

  [正] What time does your sister usually go to school?

  [析] 借助助动词do(或does)构成疑问句或否定句时,句中的谓语动词用其原形。

  5.琳达晚上经常做作业,但今晚她在看电视。

  [误] Linda often do her homework in the evening,but this evening she watching TV.

  [正] Linda often does her homework in the evening,but this evening she is watching TV.

  [析] 在初一英语学习阶段,我们接触到了两种主要时态:一般现在时和现在进行时。一般现在时表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常和often,usually,sometimes等时间状语连用。在一般现在时的句子中,若主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词要用其第三人称单数形式。现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行或发生的动作,现在进行时由be(am / is / are)+ving形式构成。

  6这双鞋是红色的。

  [误] This pair of shoes are red.

  [正] This pair of shoes is red.

  [析] 在shoes,trousers,gloves,glasses等表示成双成对的衣物或工具名词前用pair(表计量)修饰时,谓语动词的形式由pair的单复数形式来决定。

  [第三类] 代词类

  7.这张票是她的,不是我的。

  [误] This is hers ticket. It’s not my.

  [正] This is her ticket. It’s not mine.

  [析] 物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。形容词性物主代词之后一定要接名词,而名词性物主代词之后不需接任何词。

  8.吴老师教我们英语。

  [误] Miss Wu teaches our English.

  [正] Miss Wu teaches us English.

  [析] teach sb. sth.中的sb.作teach的宾语,因此当sb.为人称代词时要用其宾格形式。

  [第四类] 介词类

  9.你能找到这个问题的答案吗?

  [误] Can you find the answer of this question?

  [正] Can you find the answer to this question?

  [析] 英语中用“the answer to …”表示“……的答案”。类似结构还有thekey to the door,the way to the zoo等。

  10.格林先生星期六上午来这里。

  [误] Mr Green will come here in Sunday evening.

  [正] Mr Green will come here on Sunday evening.

  [析] 表示在上午、下午等时,介词要用in;而表示在具体的某天上午、下午时,介词要用on.

  11.那个穿着红裙子的小女孩是我们老师的女儿。

  [误] That little girl on a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.

  [正] That little girl in a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter.

  [析] 用介词表示“穿戴衣物”时,只能用in,其他介词没有此用法。

  [第五类] 副词类

  12.莉莉,你为什么不回家呢?

  [误] Lily,why don’t you go to home?

  [正] Lily,why don’t you go home?

  [析] come,go 等后接here,there,home等地点副词时,地点副词前不加to。

  [第六类] 连词类

  13.我喜欢语文和英语,但我不喜欢体育和历史。

  [误] I like Chinese and English,but I don’tlike P.E.and history.

  [正] I like Chinese and English,but I don’tlike P.E.or history.

  [析] 在肯定句中并列成分之间用and来连接;而在否定句中,并列成分之间的连接需用or。

  [第七类] 冠词类

  14.乘飞机去北京花了史密斯一家人一个小时。

  [误] It takes Smiths a hour to go to Beijing by a plane.

  [正] It takes the Smiths an hour to go to Beijing by plane.

  [析] 1.表示“……一家人”用结构“the + 姓氏复数”;

  2.our 一词的第一个字母不发音,它是以元音音素开头的,所以“一小时”要用an hour;

  3.用介词by表示“乘坐”某种交通工具时,交通工具名词前不加任何冠词。

  [第八类] 句法类

  15. ――你不是学生吗? ――不,我是学生。

  [误] ――Aren’t you a student? ――No,I am.

  [正] ――Aren’t you a student? ――Yes,I am.

  [析] 对否定疑问句的回答是用Yes还是用No,这取决于实际情况:如果事实是肯定的,就用Yes表“不”;如果事实是否定的,就用No表“是的”。

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