高考英语真题全国卷1及答案(2)
Section B (24分)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is Followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
It’s nice to have people of like mind around. Agreeable people boost your confidence and allow you to relax and feel comfortable. Unfortunately, that comfort can hinder the very learning that can expand your company and your career.
It’s nice to have people agree, but you need conflicting perspectives to dig out the truth. If everyone around you has similar views, your work will suffer from confirmation bias(偏颇).
Take a look at your own network. Do your contacts share your point of view on most subjects? If yes, it’s time to shake things up. As a leader, it can be challenging to create an environment in which people will freely disagree and argue, but as the saying goes：From confrontation comes brilliance.
It’s not easy for most people to actively seek conflict. Many spend their lives trying to avoid arguments. There’s no need to go out and find people you hate, but you need to do some self-assessment to determine where you have become stale in your thinking. You may need to start by encouraging your current network to help you identify your blind spots.
Passionate, energetic debate does not require anger and hard feelings to be effective. But it does require moral strength. Once you have worthy opponents, set some ground rules so everyone understands responsibilities and boundaries. The objective of this debating game is not to win but to get to the truth that will allow you to move faster, farther, and better.
Fierce debating can hurt feelings, particularly when strong personalities are involved. Make sure you check in with your opponents so that they are not carrying the emotion of the battles beyond the battlefield. Break the tension with smiles and humor to reinforce the idea that this is friendly discourse and that all are working toward a common goal.
Reward all those involved in the debate sufficiently when the goals are reached. Let your sparring partners (拳击陪练) know how much you appreciate their contribution. The more they feel appreciated, the more they’ll be willing to get into the ring next time.
66. What does the author suggest leaders do?
A. Avoid arguments with business partners.
B. Encourage people to disagree and argue.
C. Build a wide and strong business network.
D. Seek advice from their worthy competitors.
67. What is the purpose of holding a debate?
A. To find out the truth about an issue.
B. To remove misunderstandings.
C. To build up people’s moral strength.
D. To look for worthy opponents.
68. What advice does the author give to people engaged in a fierce debate?
A. They listen carefully to their opponents’ views.
B. They show due respect for each other’s beliefs.
C. They present their views clearly and explicitly.
D. They take care not to hurt each other’s feelings.
69. How should we treat our rivals after a successful debate?
A. Try to make peace with them. B. Invite them to the ring next time.
C. Try to make up the differences. D. Acknowledge their contribution.
(B)
Micro-Enterprise Credit for Street Youth
Introduction
Although small-scale business training and credit programs have become more common throughout the world, relatively little attention has been paid to the need to direct such opportunities to youth living on the street or in difficult circumstances. Over the past years, Street Kids International (S.K.I.) has been working with partner organizations in Africa, Latin Africa and India to support the economic lives of street children. The purpose of this paper is to share some of the lessons S.K. I. and our partner organizations have learned.
Background
Typically, children end up on the streets not due to a single cause, but a combination of factors: the lack of adequately funded schools, the demand for income at home and so on. The street may be attractive to children as a place to find adventurous play and money. However, it is also a place where some children are exposed, with little or no protection, to exploitative employment, and urban crime.
Street Business Partnerships
S.K.I. has worked with partner organizations in Latin America, Africa and India to develop innovative opportunities for street children to earn income.
● The S.K.I Bicycle Courier Service first started in the Sudan. Participants in this enterprise were supplied with bicycles, which they used to deliver parcels and messages, but hey were required to pay for it gradually from their wages.
● The Youth Skills Enterprise Initiative in Zambia is a joint program with the Red Cross Society. Street Youths are supported to start their own small business through business training, life skills training and access to credit.
Lessons Learned
The following lessons have emerged from the programs that S.K.I. and partner organizations have created.
● It’s critical for all loans to be linked to training programs that include the development of basic business and life skills.
● Small loans are provided initially for purchasing fixed assets such as bicycles, shoe shining kits.
● All S.K.I. programs have charged interest on the loans, primarily to get the business runners used to the concept of paying interest on borrowing money. Generally the rates have been modest.
Conclusion
There is a need to recognize the importance of access to credit for poor young people seeking to fulfill economic needs.
70. The organization, S.K.I., aims to _________________.
A. provide schools and social support for street children
B. give business training and loans to street children
C. share the lessons S.K. I. learned to help street children
D. draw the attention of the government to street children
71. This passage implies that with the help of S. K. I. street children may _______
A. reject paid employment B. leave their families
C. set up their own business D. employ other children
72. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. The link of all loans to training programs is crucial.
B.The Youth Skills Enterprise Initiative in Zambia works with another organization.
C. Interest is charged for the loans in all S.K.I. programs.
D. The S.K.I Bicycle Courier Service provides the participants with free bicycles.
(C)
“There is one and only one social responsibility of business” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’ money, things may not be absolutely clear-act. New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted (公诉) for corruption.
The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.
Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under American’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations，they could be influenced only by the halo effect.
The study found that，among prosecuted firms，those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm’s political influence, rather than their CSR stance, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.
In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by a company’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labor-rights concern, such as child labor, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials.” says one researcher.
Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.
73. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with ____________.
A. uncertainty B. skepticism
C. approval D. tolerance
74. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by ____________.
A. guarding it against malpractices B. protecting it from consumers
C. winning trust from consumers. D. raising the quality of its products
75. The expression “more lenient” (line 2, Para.4) is closest in meaning to ____________.
A. less controversial B. more lasting
C. more effective D. less severe
76. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record ____________.
A. comes across as reliable evidence
B. has an impact on their decision
C. increases the chance of being penalized
D. constitutes part of the investigation
77. Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?
A. The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown
B. Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated
C. Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked
D. It has brought much benefit to the banking industry
Section C (8分)
Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.
If you start each day desperately wishing for an extra hour in bed, the following is likely to leave you feeling even more ill-tempered.
Scientists have identified a “sleepless elite” who are a small group or class of persons enjoying superior intellectual or social or economic status and, for whom staying in bed a little bit longer is a waste of time. Rather than being tired, bad-tempered under-achievers, they are an energetic, outgoing and optimistic group who can happily and healthily get by on just four or five hours of shut-eye a night. If that were not irritating enough, they tend to be slim, able to hold down two jobs at the same time, and move rapidly through their extra-long days without intense effort, and without needing caffeine drinks or naps.
Working out how the gene cuts sleep without any impact on health could help in the design of drugs that give us all a few extra hours in our days. The bad news is that while many of us get by on a few hours’ sleep a night, just one to three people in 100 qualities to be part of the sleepless elite. The research team is now appealing for members of the lucky group to volunteer to allow their DNA to be studied.
University of California researcher Ying-Hui Fu said: “My long-term goal is to someday learn enough so we can control the sleep pathways skillfully without damaging our health. Everybody can use more waking hours, even if you just watch movies. “Many of those who have already volunteered share fascinating characteristics. They are thinner than average, and seem to have a high tolerance for physical pain and psychological set-backs.”
Researcher Dr Christopher Jones told the Wall Street Journal: “Typically, at the end of a long-structured phone interview, they will admit they have been testing messages and surfing the Internet and doing crossword puzzles at the same time, all on less than six hours of sleep.”
Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TWELVE WORDS
78. What kind of person can be called a “sleepless elite” according to the author?
_________________________________________________________________________.
79. How long do the “sleepless elite” usually sleep every night?
_________________________________________________________________________.
80. __________________________________ are the sleepless elite’s fascinating characteristics.
81. We can infer from what Researcher Dr Christopher Jones said in the last paragraph that _________________________________________________________________________.
第Ⅱ卷(47分)
I. Translation (22分)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
1. 他们之间的关系是基于相互尊重和共同的爱好。(base)
2. 制定任何计划时我们要深思熟虑，权衡利弊。(weigh)
3. 为了提高服务标准，家具店确认常客将享受15%的折扣。(confirm)
4. 近来研究表明狗也能体验很多诸如愤怒、悲伤这样的情感，这很让科学家振奋。(wide)
5. 尽管他还是个孩子，却已经知道越早接触到财务问题，就越有可能成为一个有责任心、有前瞻性的成年人，能自信有效地处理财务问题。(as)
II. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the picture and the instructions given below.
学校马上就要扩建。作为一名学生，你最希望校方在扩建过程中开辟出什么样的学习、或锻炼场所。请给校长写一封信，内容包括以下两个方面：
1. 描述你希望的学习或锻炼场所;
2. 联系自身经历，说明你希望有这样一个场所的原因。
高考英语真题全国卷1参考答案
I. Listening Comprehension
1-10 CCABD ABCBB 11-16 CBD ACB
17. 120,000 18. vacation 19. insurance 20. Retirement
21. housing fees 22. her academic adviser/advisor.
23. Wildlife science 24. live out
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
25. why 26. had seen 27.that 28. As
29. that 30. shocked 31. than 32. which/that
33. can 34. increasing 35. To reduce 36. an
37.that 38. more attractive 39. are taken 40. by
Section B 41-50 H C A K F D B J G E
III. Reading
Section A 51-55 CBACA 56-60 DCBD A 61-65 DBCDA
Section B 66-69 BADD 70-72 BCD 73-77 ACDBA
Section C
78. Those who don’t sleep much but are energetic, outgoing and optimistic./Those who enjoy superior intellectual or social economic status but sleep less.
79. They usually sleep (for) four or five hours a night.
80. Being thin and able to tolerate physical pain and psychological set-backs
81. the “sleepless elite” can do several things at the same time
I. Translation:
1. Their relationship is based on mutual respect and common interests.
2. When making any plan, we need to think carefully and weigh up the pros and cons. /weigh advantages against disadvantages.
3. To raise the service standard, the furniture shop confirms that the regular customers will gain 15 percent discount
4. Recent studies have indicated/shown that dogs can experience a wide range of emotions such as /like anger and grief/sorrow, which really excites the scientists.
5. Child as he is, he has known that the earlier he is exposed to financial issues, the more likely he is to become a responsible, forward-planning adult who can manage his finances confidently and effectively.
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