记忆英语词汇的方法
掌握词汇是英语学习的主要内容之一,由于语言环境缺乏,学习者常会感到单词难记易忘,这在一定程度上妨碍了英语学习的进度,影响了学习者的学习成绩。该如何记忆英语单词?接下来,小编给大家准备了记忆英语词汇的方法,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
记忆英语词汇的方法
1、语音记忆
语音记忆就是根据单词的发音规律来记忆单词,具体可分为以下几种:
1.1 外来语。中文中有许多词本身来自英语,因此这类词的发音近似英语,我们只要依据发音便可记忆。如:sofa(沙发),pudding(布丁),caffee(咖啡),curry(咖喱)等。
1.2 字母组合。英语中一定的字母组合形成一定的发音,如:sh发/∫/等,我们只要掌握了它们之间联系的规律,正确发音,记忆单词就方便多了。
1.3 同音异义。英语中有些单词发音相同。但词形和意思不同,平时稍加留意,有助于记忆单词。如:/rait/——write(写),right(对);/beis/——base(基础),bass1(低音部)等。
1.4 同形异音。有的单词形同音不同或重音不同,意思也不同,便于联想记忆。如:live——/liv/(生存),/laiv/(活的,实况转播的)等。
1.5 开音节和闭音节。在英语中有不少重读闭音节单词只要在词尾加-e就可转变成另一个开音节单词。如:bat(球棒),bate(减少);plan(计划),plane(飞机);bit(一点),bite(叮咬);cut(切割),cute(聪明的,漂亮的)等。
1.6 谐音。利用单词发音的谐音记忆单词,生动、有趣,又便于记忆。如:umbrella(因没)伞,俺们不来了;spiderman——蜘蛛人,(是)失败的人。
2、词形圮忆
词形记忆就是根据单词的词形变化规律来记忆单词。主要有以下几种:
2.1 词缀。在我们称为词根的单词前面或后面加上前缀或后缀。通常前缀转变单词的词义,而后缀转变单词的词性和词义。如
tell v.(讲)——retell v.(再讲);known adj.(知晓)——unknown adj.(未知的)
war n.(战争)——prewar n.(战前);way n.(道路)——subway n.(地铁)
care n.(注意,小心)——careful adj.(小心的)——carefully adv.(小心地)
treat v.(对待)——treatment n.(待遇);health n.(健康)——healthy adj.(健康的)
2.2 合成。英语中有不少单词可以合并而成为另一个单词,合成又可分为完全合成和部分合成。
2.2.1 完全合成。即由两个或两个以上的整体单词构成。如:matchgirl(卖火柴的女孩),sleep-walk(梦游),face-to-face(面对面),commander-in-chief(总司令)
2.2.2 部分合成。即由两个单词中一个单词的前半部分与另一单词的后半部分组合而成。如:motor + hotel—— motel(汽车旅馆);television + broadcast——telecast(电视播送);smoke + fog——smog(烟雾); breakfast + lunch——brunch(早中饭)。
有时,也有用两个单词中位置相同部分组合成一个单词的,如:International Police——Interpol(国际警察);American Indian——Amerind(美国印第安人)。
2.3 增减字母。即在一个单词的前后增加或减少某个字母。如:Long(长的)——along(沿着);ward(病房)——award(授与);war(战争)——warm(温暖的); pit(坑、穴)——pity(怜悯)。
2.4 替换字母。即将一个单词中的某个字母替换成另一个字母。如:rice(米、饭)——rise(升起);work(工作)——word(单词);dip(蘸)——kip(千磅)——lip(嘴唇)——tip(尖)——zip(拉上/开……的拉链)
2.5 形象化。即把一个单词结构视为一个物体来记忆。如把单词eye看作是一双眼睛中间加上一只鼻子,这样就不易遗忘。
3、词义记忆
词义记忆就是按照单词相同或不同的含义进行记忆,具体可分为以下几种:
3.1 同、近义词。即按照同义和近义词的分类来记忆单词,如:美丽,漂亮beautiful——pretty——fair——handsome;工资,报酬pay——salary——wage;医生doctor——physician——surgeon;希望,期望wish——hope——expect——want.
不过在记忆这些单词时,有必要了解使用上的区别,以免日后使用不当。
3.2 反义词。即把一个词与其反义词结合起来记忆。如:optimistic(乐观的)——pessimistic(悲观的);maximum(最大量)——minimum(最小量);strong(强壮的)——weak(虚弱的)。
3.3 同类词。即把词义含有相同性质的事物或动作的单词编在―起记忆。如:衣物:clothes,coat,dress,shirt,blouse,skirt,sweater,jacket,uniform,gown,trousers等。文具:stationery,pen,pencil,ball-pen,pencil-box,ruler,eraser,in,inkpot,sharpener,compass等。烹调;cook,boil,fry,bake,braise,smoke,roast,simmer,stew等。
每人记忆单词的方法有所不同,只要适合自己就是好方法。但一般说来,记忆英语单同时应该注意以下几点:
1、切忌贪多、求快。饭要一口一口地吃,词要一个―个地记,要学会以旧带新、循序渐进、巩固旧单词、扩大新词汇。
2、词句结合,词境结合。离开了语句和情境,词就没有生命,因此为记单词而记单词的方法是不可取的。最好的方法是将单词与日常生活语境结合起来,在使用中记忆,这样的单词记忆才具有活力。
3、运用科学方法,增强记忆。根据遗忘先快后慢的规律,要想增强单词的记忆,就得积极应用、大胆实践,不断提高单词的复现率。现代社会给我们提供了十分良好的使用英语的环境,我们应该充分利用一切机会多听、多说、多看英语,使单词经常出现在我们的脑海里,这样自然就不易被遗忘。
扩展:英文新年祝福短信
Best wishes for the year to come!
Good luck in the year ahead!
May you come into a good fortune!
Live long and proper!
May many fortunes find their way to you!
I want to wish you longevity1 and health!
Take good care of yourself in the year ahead.
Wishing you many future successes.
On this special day I send you New Year’s greetings and hope that some day soon we shall be together.
I would like to wish you a joyous2 new year and express my hope for your happiness and good future.
May the New Year bring many good things and rich blessings3 to you and all those you love!
Rich blessings for health and longevity is my special wish for you in the coming year.
Good luck,good health,hood cheer.I wish you a happy New Year.
With best wishes for a happy New Year!
With the compliments of the season.
May the season’s joy fill you all the year round.
Season’s greetings and best wishes for the New Year.
Please accept my season’s greetings.
To wish you joy at this holy season.Wishing every happiness will always be with you.
Good health,good luck and much happiness throughout the year.
Please accept my sincere wishes for the New Year.I hope you will continue to enjoy good health.
May the joy and happiness around you today and always.
Allow me to congratulate you on the arrival of the New Year and to extend to you all my best wishes for your perfect health and lasting4 prosperity.
Best wishes for the holidays and happiness throughout the New Year.
With very best wishes for your happiness in the New Year.
Please accept our wishes for you and yours for a happy New Year.
May the coming New Year bring you joy,love and peace.
Wishing you happiness during the holidays and throughout the New Year.
A happy New Year to you.
Season’s greetings and sincere wishes for a bright and happy New Year!
I give you endless brand-new good wishes.Please accept them as a new remembrance of our lasting friendship.
Good luck and great success in the coming New Year.
On the occasion of the New Year,may my wife and I extend to you and yours our warmest greetings,wishing you a happy New Year,your career greater success and your family happiness.
May everything beautiful and best be condensed into this card.I sincerely wish you happiness,cheerfulness and success.
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