学习啦>学习英语>英语知识大全>

初中英语语法讲解

玉莲分享

  看不懂初中英语语法,来看看初中英语语法讲解吧。下面是学习啦小编给大家整理的初中英语语法讲解的相关知识,供大家参阅!

  初中英语语法讲解:可数名词与不可数名词

  在可数名词与不可数名词上一般出现这样几类,(1)分辨是哪一类名词,并根据结论做选择。(2)可数名词复数的不规则变化。(3)不可数名词的量化表达。所以,考生首先要能够明确哪些是可数名词,哪些是不可数名词。其次,还要知道可数名词的复数的变化规则。可数名词的变化规则一般是在单词后面加-s 或-es,如:

  1desk---desks bed---beds piano---pianos

  hat---hats bag---bags photo---photos

  2bus---buses box---boxes

  watch---watches brush---brushes

  3tomato---tomatoes potato---potatoes

  hero---heroes Negro---Negroes

  4 leaf---leaves knife---knives

  5baby---babies family---families

  另外,还要记住一些特殊的名词的变化形式,如:

  Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese

  Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen

  Russian---Russians American---Americans

  German --- Germans

  child---children foot---feet

  man---men woman---women

  tooth---teeth goose --- geese

  deer---deer sheep---sheep

  还要掌握不可数名词的量化表达有: a piece of、a bag of、a bottle of、a cup of、a glass of

  另外,大家应注意:单数集合名词作主语时谓语动词“数的”变化:单数集合名词如class, police, family, school, group, team等。尽管形式上是单数,意义上都是复数,因此,一般要与复数谓语动词连用,例如:

  Class Five have a foreign friend.

  五班有一位外国朋友。(这里的五班指五班的同学的。)

  His family are good to me. 他的家人对我很好。(很显然,这里的family指家庭成员。)当上述集合名词着重指“整体”时, 意义上则是单数,因此,要与单数谓语动词连用。例如,

  Our school team often plays well in our city.

  我们的校队经常在我们市踢得很好。(这里的team 指整个队,但意义上仍为单数,故谓语动词用plays.

  初中英语语法讲解:名词所有格

  名词所有格有两种形式:一是加‟s,一种是用of来表示。一般情况下,指某人的某物用‟s表示,而指某物的什么用of 短语来表示。另外,要注意凡是以s结尾的名词或规则名词的复数,不能直接加‟s,而应该加-‟即可。例如,boys

  ‟ clothes girls‟ dresses。 不过,注意例外情况,例如, the boss‟s handwriting,其中the boss‟s 的-‟s不可省略。因为在英语中,如果以-s 或-ss 结尾的名词不是复数复数形式,那么其名词所有格仍加-„s。那么你会说“琼斯的小汽车”吗?对,Jones‟s car。

  下面我们来做一部分习题。

  1. June 1st is ___ Day.

  A. Child‟s B. Childs‟ C. Childrens‟ D. Children‟s

  答案:D

  2. I need ___ paper, Mum. I want to write ___ letter to my English teacher.

  A. any, some B. some, a C. a, some D. some,any

  答案:B

  3. There are two ___ and three ___ on the table.

  A. knifes, forks B. knifes, fork C. knives, forkes D. knives, forks

  答案:D

  4. We have got a lot of___ today.

  A. newspaper to read B. homework to do C. homeworks to do

  D. book to read

  答案:B

  5. We could see __ children and hear ___ noise in the park.

  A. many, many B. much, much C. many, much D. much, many

  答案:C

  6. Will you pass me ___?

  A. a few pieces of chalk B. a few chalks C. a few of chalks

  D. some chalks

  答案:A

  7. ___ has been invited to the dancing party.

  A. A friend of her B. A friend of hers C. Friends of hers

  D. Friends of her

  答案:B

  下面请大家自己练习一下。

  1. September 10th is ___ Day.

  A. the Teacher B. Teachers‟ C. Teacher D. Teacher‟s

  答案:B

  2. ---Can I help you, sir?

  ---I‟d like to have 100___. I want the students to draw pictures on them.

  A. piece of paper B. pieces of paper C. papers D. paper

  答案:B

  3. ---Would you like ___ milk, please?

  ---No, thank you. I still have some.

  A. some more B. an C. a little of D. all

  答案:A

  4. ___ the old woman is in!

  A. What good health B. How a good health C. What a good health D. How good health 答案:A

  ① What + a(n) + 形容词 + 单数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!

  ② What + 形容词 + 复数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!

  ③ What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语!

  ④ How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语!

  ⑤ How + 形容词 + a(n) + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语!

  ⑥ How + 主语 + 谓语!

  5. I’m going to help ___ with ___ English.

  A. a friend of Nancy, hers B. a friend of Nancy’s, her

  C. a friend of Nancy’s, hers D. a friend of Nancy, her

  答案:B

  6. The two desks here are ___. You may use the desk over there.

  A. Mary and Jane B. Marys and Janes C. Mary and Jane’s

  D. Mary’s and Jane’s

  答案:D

  初中英语语法讲解:形容词讲解及练习

  1. 有些表语形容词前不可用very,而要用much,very much等副词,如用much afraid,fast asleep。

  2. alive也可用定语形容词,常后置。He is the oldest man alive。

  3. 名词化的形容词用于指人时,应看作是复数,用于指物时,表示整体抽象概念,应看作是单数,谓语动词用单三:The old like a quiet place。The unusual is not always the best。

  4. 名词化的形容词连在一起使用时可省略冠词:Old and young should hepl each other。

  5. 当有两个以上的形容词用来修饰一名词时,其顺序如下:限定词(冠词,物主代词,指示代词,不定代词)→数词(序数词,基数词)→表性质、状态的描绘形容词(短语在前,长语在后)→表特征的形容词(大小、长短、形状、新旧、年龄、温度)→表颜色的形容词→表属性的形容词(包括国籍等专有名词)→表材料、质地的形容词→名词性定语(包括名词、动名词)+ 名词:the last four beautiful big new blue Spanish wooden citizen houses

  6. good的反义词是bad,而well的反义词是ill。

  7. elder和eldest是用来表示家族关系的长幼顺序,只作定语形容词。而older和oldest是用来表示年龄的比较,以及事物的新旧,既可作定语形容词,也可作表语形容词。

  8. later和latest指时间的先后,但latter和last指顺序的先后。

  9. farther和farthest主要反映“距离”或“时间”的比较,表示“较远的”“最远的”。而further和furthest主要指“程度”,表示“进一步的”和“最大限度的”。

  10. A 两者比较,表示一方高于另一方:比较级+than

  B 两者比较,表示同样的程度:as + 原级 +as

  C 两者比较,表示一方不如另一方:not so(as)+原级+as

  D 两者比较,表示一方程度浅一些:less + 原级 + than

  E 用于三者或三者以上,表示其中一方最„:the + 最高级 + 比较范围

  11. 某人或某物在与同类相比时,这个“某人或物”应排除在被比者之外,常需用到other,else。

  12. 比较级前可用MANY,MUCH,FAR,A BIT, A LITTLE, A GREAT DEAL OF, A LOT等词表示程度或差别。

  13. 同一人或物,比较其两种性质或状态,不管形容词是单音节或多音节,一律用more„than:He is more wise than diligent。

  15. already,yet,still

  already一般用于肯定名,也可用于预料能得到肯定回答的疑问句中,表示某事已发生;yet一般用于否定句或疑问句中位于句末,意为“还,已经”;still一般用于肯定句,也可用于疑问句,意为“仍然,还”。

  I have already read the book./ We haven’t made speeches yet./ Is my skirt dry yet?/ I still hope to get some advice from you on my studies.

  16. too,also,as well,either

  前三者意思相近,一般不用于否定句中,否定句中用either。Too常位于名末,也紧接在主语后面;also一般用于肯定句和疑问句中,位于be动词、情态动词、助动词之后,实义动词之前;as well一般位于句末;either也一般位于句末。 They grow cotton, too./ He his also interested in computers./ He is a teacher, and a poet as well./ You didn’t go and she didn’t go, either.

  17. faily,rather,quite

  A三者都可以修饰形容词和副词,都有“相当”的意思,但failry词义最弱,quite稍强,rather最强。Fairly一般表示肯定、褒义,rather有时表示否定、贬义。It is fairly cool today. It is rather cold today.

  B quite和rather可以修饰动词,而fairly不能。

  I don’t quite understand what you said./ I rather like the song.

  18. so,neither,nor

  so可用在“so+助动词+主语”的倒装结构中,表示“也”,位置在助动词前,so的这种用法只能在肯定句里名胜;在否定句中用neither或nor,结构相同,表示“也不”。

  He has seen the film. So have I .

  Jim doesn’t like the novel. Neither (Nor) does Linda.

  19. ago, before

  A “时间段+ago”表示从现在往前推算的“一段时间以前”,而“时间段+before”表示从过去某时刻再往前推算的“一段时间以前”。因此,前者常与一般过去时连用,后者常与过去完成时连用。He bought a violin a week ago. From his letter I knew that he had bought a violin a week before

  B before可表示不确定的过去,而ago则不能: Have you been there before?

  20. very, much, very much

  very可修饰形容词及副词,不能直接修饰动词,修饰动词时,要用much或very much;much除了修饰动词外,还可修饰形容词或副词的比较级及过去分词;very much也可修饰过去分词:

  The novel is very good./ This novel is much better than that one. / Her Japanese is improved very much.

  21. 像afraid, alive, awake, asleep, alone以“a”开头的形容词,一般不能用very修饰。

  22. deep与deeply都可作副词,但意义不同:deep指的是深浅的“深”,如:dig deep。Deeply的意思是“涂地、深刻地、深厚地”,有引申含义。如:We are deeply moved by his deeds.

  阅读: 1375次 大小: 69KB(共12页)

  23. high与highly都可作副词,但意义不同。High指的是高低的“高”,如:jump high;highly的意思是“高度地,高贵地”,有引申含义。如:She is highly praised.

  24. not是副词,不能直接修饰名词,no是形容词,能位于名词前作定语,有时no=not any。如: I have no brothers=I have no any brothers

  25. 某人或某物在与同类比较时,某人或某物应排除在被比者之外:Shanghai is larger than any other city in China. Shanghai is larger than any of the other cities in China.

  26. 用最高级时,主语本身应包括在最高级所指的范围之中。He is the oldest of all the classmates.

  看过初中英语语法讲解的相关知识的人还看了:

  

看过初中英语语法讲解的人还看了:

1.初中英语语法教学技巧

2.初中英语语法教学方法

3.初中英语语法学习方法

4.英语语法如何去学习 初中英语语法学习方法

5.初中英语语法教学技巧(2)

    2406366