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高中英语语法

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  在高中英语写作中,即使只是掌握一点点的语法,也会对你的英语写作有很大的帮助。下面是学习啦小编给大家整理的高中英语语法的相关知识,供大家参阅!

  高中英语语法:主谓一致

  一.概念:

  主谓一致是指:

  1) 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。

  2) 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。

  3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,

  一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。例如:

  There is much water in the thermos.

  但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:

  Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.

  二.相关知识点精讲

  1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数,例如:

  Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。

  注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如:

  The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。

  典型例题

  The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

  A. is  B. was  C. are  D. were

  答案B. 注: 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C。本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。

  2. 主谓一致中的靠近原则

  1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如:

  There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。

  There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩,二十三个女孩。

  2)当either… or… 与neither… nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如:

  Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。

  Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。

  3.谓语动词与前面的主语一致

  当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组成的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如:

  The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。

  He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。

  4. 谓语需用单数的情况

  1)代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时,或主语中含有each, every时, 谓语需用单数。例如:

  Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每人都有录音机。

  There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。

  2)当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。例如:

  The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。

  3)表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。例如:

  Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三个星期来做准备。

  Ten yuan is enough. 十元够了。

  5.指代意义决定谓语的单复数

  1)代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如:

  All is right. 一切顺利。

  All are present. 人都到齐了。

  2)集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后,谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时强调该集体的整体。例如:

  His family isn't very large. 他家成员不多。

  His family are music lovers. 他家个个都是音乐爱好者。

  但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。例如:

  Are there any police around? 附近有警察吗?

  3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。例如:

  A number of +名词复数+复数动词。

  The number of +名词复数+单数动词。

  A number of books have lent out.

  The majority of the students like English.

  6.与后接名词或代词保持一致的情况

  1)用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主语时,谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如:

  Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的钱化在书上了。

  Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分学生积极参与体育运动

  2)用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如: A series of accidents has been reported. 媒体报道了一连串的事故。

  A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 炉边有一堆木柴。

  3)如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如:

  Many a person has read the novel. 许多人读过这本书。

  More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。

  高中英语语法:动词不定式

  一.相关知识点精讲:1. 不定式作补语

  有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。例如:

  advise

  allow

  cause

  challenge

  command

  compel

  drive 驱使

  enable

  encourage

  forbid

  force

  impel

  induce

  instruct

  invite

  like/love

  order

  permit

  make

  let

  have

  want

  get

  warn

  persuade

  request

  send

  tell

  train

  urge

  例如;

  father will not allow us to play on the street.  父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。

  the officer ordered his men to fire. 长官命令士兵开火。

  注意:有些动词如make,have,get,want等可用不定式作做宾补,也可用分词作宾补。现在分词表达主动,也表达正在进行,过去分词表达被动。

  2) 有些有动词+宾语+不定式的结构,不定式的动词往往是be,不定式一般可以省去。例如:

  consider find

  believe

  think

  declare(声称)

  appoint

  guess

  fancy(设想)

  高中英语语法:动名词

  概念

  动名词由动词原形+ing构成,是一种非谓语动词形式

  相关知识点精讲:

  1.作主语。例如:

  fighting broke out between the south and the north. 南方与北方开战了。

  2.作宾语

  a. 有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如:

  admit 承认 appreciate 感激

  avoid 避免

  complete完成

  consider认为

  delay 耽误

  deny 否认

  detest 讨厌

  endure 忍受

  escape 逃脱

  fancy 想象

  finish 完成

  imagine 想象

  mind 介意

  miss 想念

  postpone推迟

  practice 训练

  recall 回忆

  resent 讨厌

  resume 继续

  resist 抵抗

  risk 冒险

  suggest 建议

  face 面对

  include 包括

  stand 忍受

  understand 理解

  forgive 宽恕

  keep 继续

  例如:would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点,好吗

  the squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很,刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。

  b. 有些结构后面可以用动名词作宾语或其他成分。例如:

  admit to prefer…to

  be used to

  lead to

  devote oneself to


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