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静脉血管的秘密
Oy Veins!
噢 血管!
Veins are pretty important. After all, they carry blood from various parts of the body to the heart. But for all their significance, veins are modest, too. Yours are probably content to work behind the scenes, tucked away beneath the skin.
血管相当的重要。毕竟，它们从身体的各个部分向心脏运输血液。虽然血管很重要，但是它们也很谦逊。血管甘愿在幕后工作，在皮肤下默默运输血液。
Twisted And Filled
扭曲的并充满的
Sometimes, however, veins take center-stage and become visible as blue lines on the skin, often resembling an unmarked roadmap. If you haven’t guessed by now, we’re talking about varicose veins. Have you ever wondered what are they are and how they form?
然而，有时候血管成为主角，在皮肤上可以看到蓝色的线，很像未被标记的地图。如果你还没有猜到，我们讨论的正是静脉曲张的血管。你是否想知道它们是什么并怎样形成的么?
Basically, a varicose vein is one that is twisted and filled with backed-up blood. Although they most commonly occur in the legs, varicose veins can also happen in the esophagus, testes and the urinary bladder.
通常，静脉曲张的血管充满回流的血液并因此扭曲。它们不仅多见于腿部，也会表现在食管、睾丸、膀胱上。
Varicose veins in the legs occur when the valves in a vein near the surface of the skin malfunction.
当皮肤表面下的血管的阀门不起作用时，腿上的静脉曲张开始显现。
Faulty Valves
受损的瓣膜
Valves usually keep blood from flowing backwards in the vein once it’s been pumped towards the heart. When the valves don’t work properly, blood gets stuck, causing the vein to swell and kink.
阀门的作用是防止有心脏送出的血液回流。当阀门不正常工作时，血液不能流动，导致血管膨胀和扭结。
Although varicose veins are usually associated with senior citizens, not every older person has them. Weak valves are often inherited, and can also be caused by wearing clothing that squeezes the legs and veins too tightly
虽然静脉曲张多发生在老年人身上，但是不是每个老年人都患有这种病。脆弱的阀门通常是遗传的，或者身上的衣服把腿和血管勒的太紧导致的。
Varicose veins may seem unsightly, but they’re not usually a cause for major concern. Still, if you have them and want to do something about it, talk to your doctor. Treatments range from wearing strong support stockings to surgery.
静脉曲张是很难看的，但是它们通常不会引起强烈的关注。然而，如果你有这种病并想要治疗，和你的医生聊聊。治疗方法包括从穿修复性的长筒袜到做外科手术。
为什么我们想要吃零食
Why Does My Body Want To Snack?
为什么我们想要吃零食?
Sometimes a snack quiets your growling stomach. But sometimes you just feel like munching, even though you’re not really hungry. French researchers recently found that this second type of snack attack is harder on your waistline.
有时，吃点零食能让你的肚子不再咕咕叫。但有些时候，你只是想要吃点东西，尽管你并不饿。法国研究人员最近发现，第二种情况很容易让你发胖。
That’s because when you eat without being hungry, blood sugar and insulin work differently than when you are hungry.
这是因为当你不饿的状态下吃东西时，血糖和胰岛素的变化与你饥饿的时候是不同的。
First, let’s see what happens when you’re hungry. Low blood sugar can trigger that hungry feeling. When you eat, your blood sugar rises, satisfying your hunger and prompting your pancreas to secrete insulin. Insulin’s job is to transport sugar from the bloodstream into your body cells. Hours later, after insulin has moved enough sugar into the cells and leveled off, your blood sugar dips and you feel hungry again.
首先，让我们看看当你饥饿时的情况。这时，低血糖会让你产生饥饿的感觉。在你吃东西的时候，你的血糖会上升，消除你的饥饿感并促使胰脏分泌胰岛素。胰岛素 的作用是把血液中的糖分运送到你体细胞中。几小时后，当胰岛素把足够多的糖分送入细胞内并趋于稳定时，你的血糖量就会降下来，然后你又会开始感到饥饿。
But let’s say you snack before you feel hungry again. What happens to your blood sugar then? The French study found that if people snacked without being hungry, their blood sugar stayed the same as if they hadn’t snacked at all. Why? Since the pancreas is still secreting insulin to transport blood sugar from the previous meal, it’s easily stimulated to secrete a little more insulin.
让我们再来说一说当你不饿时吃零食的情况吧。你的血糖会怎样变化呢?法国研究表明，如果人们在不饿的情况下吃零食，他们的血糖会保持不变，就像自己从没吃 过零食一样。为什么会这样呢?这是由于胰脏仍在分泌胰岛素来输送上一顿饭中的血糖，这时候吃零食很容易刺激胰脏分泌更多的胰岛素。
People’s insulin levels rose, but their blood sugar stayed the same. So, they got hungry at about their usual time, and ate just as much as when they didn’t snack.
人体的胰岛素含量会上升，但是血糖浓度却保持不变。因此，人们仍然会在平常吃饭的时间感到饥饿，饭量与他们不吃零食时一样多。
If you’re like the folks in the study, snacking when you’re hungry is okay. But when you’re not hungry, snacking probably won’t satisfy you or make you eat less later. Instead, it’ll prompt you to loosen that belt a bit.
如果你和研究里的人一样，在饿的时候才吃零食，那是可以的。但如果你不饿，吃零食可能不会给你饱足感或者让你随后少吃点。相反，它会让你松松裤带，吃得更多。
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