英语段落写作技巧学习
段落是构成篇章的基础,学习英文篇章必须从段落写作开始。下面是学习啦小编带来的英语段落写作技巧，欢迎阅读!
英语段落写作技巧精选
主题句与推展句
1. 主题句
主题句(topic sentence)是表达段落主题的句子。它用以概括段落大意，要求全段其他文字都围绕它展开。请看下例：
My mother has passed along to me certain rules for getting along with others. Don't argue with parents; they will think you don't love them. Don't argue with children; they will think themselves victimized. Don't argue with spouses; they will think you are a tiresome mate. Don't argue with strangers; they will think you are not friendly. My mother's rules, in fact, can be summed up in two words: Don't argue.
主题句中提出的 "certain rules" 指的是什么?展开句中通过四个 "Don't argue --" 逐一加以交代。从结构来看，这是一个比较典型的段落，它包括了主题句，推展句和结论句(即本段中的末句)。
1.1 主题句的位置
主题句通常放在段落的开端，其特点是开门见山地摆出问题，然后加以详细说明。其作用是使文章的结构更清晰，更具说服力，便于读者迅速地把握主题和想象全段的内容。主题句可以放在段中起到承上启下的作用，或放在段尾起概括全段的作用。但初学者比较难于掌握，因而在四级考试中，考生应尽量采用将主题句放在段落开头的写作手法。
例1: Our life today depends very much on energy. In towns and in villages, on farms and in factories, machines have made life easier than it used to be. The machines use energy, and energy is needed for heating, lighting, communications, carrying goods -- everything. Factories and industrial plants use a great deal of energy to make the things that we use and buy and sell.
这段文字所讲的主要是能源问题。第一句就概括性地提出“我们目前的生活很大程度上依赖于能源”。而随后出现的三句都是具体事例，对第一句进行说明和论述。我们可以断定第一句为该段的主题句(斜体部分)。
例2: (主题句)No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements. (推展句1)Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want, for advertising exerts a subtle influence on us. (推展句2)In their efforts to persuade us to buy this or that product, advertisers have made a close study of human nature and have classified all our little weakness.
以上这段由三句话组成。第一句是主题句，直截了当指出无人不受广告影响这个主题，接着列举两个推展句对其补充和支持，指出我们已无法自由选择所需的商品，理由是广告商已仔细研究了我们的心理，并完全掌握了我们的弱点。句子衔接自然，步步紧扣主题。
英语段落写作技巧阅读
2.推展句
2.1 主要推展句
主要推展句(major supporting statement)的主要特点是：围绕段落主题句展开的每一个推展句本身都不要求作进一步的说明或证明，句与句之间的关系是相互独立又是互相连接的。
例1：(主题句) There are several factors affecting climate. (推展句1)One factor is the mount of sunlight received. (推展句2)Altitude, or the height above sea level, also determines climate. (推展句3)The oceans have an effect on the climate of adjacent land. (推展句4)In addition, climate is influenced by the general circulation of the atmosphere.
主题句指出影响气候的几个因素。然后用四个扩展句说明四种因素。第一种是太阳光的接收量，第二种是海拔高度，第三句和第四句分别是海洋和大气环流因素。
2.2 次要推展句
次要推展句(minor supporting statement)是指对主要推展句作进一步的事实分析和举例说明。它从属于某一个或某几个推展句。
例2：(主题句)I don't teach because teaching is easy for me. (主要推展句1)Teaching is the most difficult of the various ways I have attempted to earn my living: mechanic, carpenter, writer. (主要推展句2)For me, teaching is a red-eye, sweaty-palm, sinking-stomach profession. (次要推展句1)Red-eye, because I never feel ready to teach no matter how late I stay up preparing. (次要推展句2)Sweaty-palm, because I'm always nervous before I enter the classroom, sure that I will be found out for the fool that I am. (次要推展句3)Sinking-stomach, because I leave the classroom an hour later convinced that I was even more boring than usual.
从属于主要推展句2的三个次要推展句起着解释说明作用，分别解释red-eye,
sweaty-palm, sinking-stomach的含义，这就更加形象生动地证明了 "teaching is not easy" 这个主题。
2.3 主要推展句与次要推展句的关系
主要推展句与次要推展句的关系(relation)基本可以遵循下面的“三部分”(three-part)规则。
1〕每个主要推展句都应该是对主题句中表示主要思想的关键词的直接、明确的说明。 2〕每个次要推展句都应该说明它的主要推展句。
3〕含有讨论说明或分析的问题通常既要有主要推展素材，又要有次要推展素材。
2.4 写好推展句的方法
主题句及关键词确定后，开始选择和主题有关的信息和素材。实质上，针对关键词测试每一个所选择的素材就是一个分类的过程。有一种常用的方法就是句子展开前加以设问，然后解答，即设问-解答(why-because)的方法。下面我们通过举例来看一看这种分类过程是如何完成的。例3：
假设 (suppose) Topic sentence: English is an international language.
设问(why) Why can we say English is an international language?
解答(because)
Because: English is spoken by ....
英语段落写作技巧学习
段落的特点
一般来说，段落主要由三部分组成，即主题句、的扩展句和结尾句。
主题句是篇章的核心，它表明作者的态度、的观点、的意图等，同时反映了段落
的中心思想。主题句应具备：一是明确的观点，二是有一定的概括性，能用其它句子来解释、的描述、的分析等。扩展句主要围绕着主题句进行叙述，说明或论述等。扩展句必须明确、的具体。总结句指用一句话将某一主旨进行归纳总结或概括，有时还起承上启下的作用。总结句需要与主题呼应，引发读者对段落主题的进一步认识。总之，篇章的主题必须统一，内容完整、的结构连贯，长度适度。
段落的发展
段落的扩展对构成一篇文章，展示文章的主题，有着举足轻重的作用。常用的方式有：
1、排列顺序：既按照内容的主次、的时间的先后或位置的先后来进行论证，陈述或解释。
常用的词语有：first/firstly, second/secondly, furthermore, finally, above all, first and most important, to begin/start with, in the second place, moreover, to conclude, next，then, afterward lastly, in the end, eventually.
2、比较和对比：一般来说，比较包括相同点和相异点。对比则仅指相异点。常见的词及词组有：in comparison(with), likewise, similarly, in the same way, equally, but, in contrast With/to, instead，conversely, on the contrary, in/by contrast, while，Correspondingly.
3、因果和推理：这种段落发展方式通常用于解释某件事发生的原因和结果。经常用到的因果关系的动词和动词词组有：cause, produce, lead to, bring about, result from, be due to, have an effect on, result in. 因果关系的连接词有：due to，the fact that, for the simple reason, because (of), so that, consequently, hence, as a result, accordingly, therefore, so long as, so, thus, owing to, now that, for/as, since.
4、举例：用实例来说明作者的观点是举例段落的发展方式。采用举例的方式，使文章内容更加充实，更富有内涵。常用于举例的词和词组有：such as, for example, for instance, as an illustration, to illustrate, a case in point, as follows, just as, just as, including, like.
