托福写作模板之立论与反论

　　很对学生们在托福写作时，不知道如何提出立论与反论，下面环小编为大家带来经典托福写作模板立论型与驳论型，希望对大家的托福写作提高有帮助。

　　托福写作模板之立论与反论

　　以立论为主(兼具驳论)型 的template

　　In the lecture, the professor points out/ states/ contends/ makes several points about /focuses on that听力 中心思想, casting doubt on/ contradicting/ enhancing what are stated in / the main idea of the reading passage that阅读 中心意思.

　　To begin with, the speaker makes the point that听力第一分论点， which refutes/ supports the viewpoint showed in the article that阅读第一分论点. According to the speaker, 听力第一分论点的具体解释or 具体例子. This perspective differs from/is just the same as what is maintained in the article

　　Moreover, the author claims that阅读第二分论点whereas the speaker views this problem/ issue in a completely different angle/ which is the same view held by the speaker. In accordance with the speaker, 听力第二分论点+听力第二分论点的具体解释or 具体例子. This directly contradicts/strengthens what the passage indicates

　　Finally, the speaker challenges/ perfectly reinforces the writer’s contention by saying that听力第三分论点. On the contrary/ Similarly, the writer insists that阅读第三分论点. To convince the audience, the speaker elaborates his/her perspective with the evidence that听力第三分论点的具体解释or 具体例子. This is where the speaker disagrees/agrees with the writer

　　To sum up, the speaker illustrates his/her disagreement/agreement with the theory/ general idea of the article by demonstrating the evidence mentioned above.

　　以驳论为主的 template，听力几乎无建设性立论

　　In the writing passage, the author points out that 阅读 中心意思. On the contrary, the speaker casts serious doubt on the evidence supporting the writer's standpoint on this issue.

　　To begin with, the speaker challenges the idea stated in the passage that 阅读第一分论点. According to the lecture, 听力第一分论点.

　　Moreover, the writer 阅读第二分论点whereas the speaker views the evidence in a completely different angle. In accordance with the lecturer, 听力第二分论点. To convince the audience, the speaker elaborates his perspective with evidence that 听力第二分论点的具体解释or 具体例子.

　　Finally, the speaker challenges the writer's contention again by saying听力第三分论点. From his speculation, 听力第三分论点的具体解释or 具体例子.

　　To sum up, the speaker illustrates his disagreement with the opinion showed in the passage by demonstrating the evidence mentioned above.

　　注：方框内句子可以自由加在任何一个段落，补充说明听力中分论点的解释或者例子

　　综合写作模板(READING+LISTENING+WRITING)

　　1. In the lecture, the professor made several points about.... The professor argues that..... However, the reading passage contends that...... The professor's lecture casts doubt on the reading by using a number of points that are contrary to....

　　2. The first point that the professor uses to cast doubt on the reading is that.... According to the professor...... .....differs from the reading in that the reading states.....The point made by the professor casts doubt on the reading because....

　　3. Another point that the professor uses to cast doubt on the reading is....The professor claims that.....However, the reading states.....This point is contradicted by.....

　　4. Finally, the professor stated that, on the contrary of reading ... In other words,.....This directly contradicts what the reading passage indicates, because.....

　　反驳的单词，differ from ,disagree with, cast doubt on, conflict with, challenge

　　支持

　　5. In the lecture, the professor made several points about...The lecture argues that.....The points made by the professor agree with .....In fact, the examples used by the professor support...

　　6. Furthermore, the professor bolsters the reading by stating that.... The professor claims that.....This point agrees with the reading, which contends that.....

　　7. Finally, the professor states that, in support of the reading ... Specifically, this perfectly reinforced what the reading passage indicates because…

　　support的单词有：enhance, uphold, to back, justify, to substantiate, to advance

　　反驳

　　The lecture is mainly discussing ______, ________ and ___________ by _________, challenging what are stated in the reading passage that _________, _________ and _______.

　　First of all, the speaker thinks that ___________. In contrast, the reading passage believes that _____________. So, the lecture totally disagrees with the view made in the reading.

　　Second, the speaker discusses ___________, Contradicting what is stated in the reading that _____________________.

　　Finally, the speakers raises the issue that ___________. This point disagrees that ________________ demonstrated in the reading.

　　So, the contents in the reading passage are totally jeopardized by the speaker and the speaker has totally different ideas on the topics made in the reading.

　　详解托福高分作文中例证的使用方法

　　在托福的写作过程中，阐明自己的论证是有着很多种的方法的，但是最为普遍的、也是最受考试青睐相信还是例证放。因为，它不但能够扩充整篇文章字数，而且能够让论证表现的更加生动和形象，那么在例证的过程中，我们应注意的哪些原则呢?下面小编就为大家详细介绍一下。

　　首先值得注意的是，在写作过程中，并不是例子越多越好。而且如果实在不知道要在哪里放例子，就保持在一个大论点下面的每一个小论点有一个例子就足够了，对于自己想要着重介绍的论点可以多加一个，不能再多。

　　而对于写作的题材来说，也不是所有的题材都是我们强加一些例证在其中，托福独立写作的例子一般话题往较大与争议性较强的领域去带，比如说政治，军事，社会机构等。一般已经拥有事实且毫无争议性的例子尽量不要使用，比如科技，物质定义等。

　　最为重要的一点就是在托福独立写作例子的应用中，不要顺着托福写作话题，自己觉得哪个容易给人好感就写哪个，一定要围绕论点和分论点的内容来展开例证描述，这样才能避免跑题，或是之后有了话可说的境况发生。

　　总之，在举例过程中，并要求所有的考生一定要别出心裁找出新的内容来吸引考官注意，而最为重要的就是，老的例子新的角度，不同的看法，这才是托福写作中更高的层次。