英语演讲稿的写作方法介绍
英语演讲稿怎么写
由于公共演讲一般受众为数十人甚至数百、数千人,再加上演讲环境的不确定性(比如:观众的欢呼,或者抱怨),最好在进入主题后马上给出所讲内容的逻辑框架,以便听众更好的预判整个演讲内容,有利于他们更好地跟随演讲者的思路,达到良好的演讲效果。比如,乔布斯在该次演讲中,开篇稍微寒暄开篇之后,就进入正题,“Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories.”学生们马上能做出逻辑预判,我们今天会听到乔布斯谈三点,然后具体关注是哪三点,这种演讲就具备了“audience-centeredness”(以观众为中心)的特质。乔布斯在随后的演讲中明确提到,“The first story is about connecting the dots. My second story is about love and loss. My third story is about death.”由于这种明晰的思路,听众在听完之后也会记忆犹新,不会觉得头脑混乱,毫无所得。当然,演讲稿的逻辑安排有多种方式,乔布斯的这篇演讲是按照topical order(话题顺序)和chronological order(时间顺序)来安排的。除此之外, 还有 spatial order(空间顺序), problem-solutution order(提问解决顺序)等等。大家可以根据不同的演讲内容来安排自己演讲稿的逻辑顺序和结构。
如何写英语演讲稿
结尾往往可以起到“画龙点睛”的作用,开篇正文再好,如果结尾过于平淡,整个演讲的精彩程度都会大打折扣。那么如何做到“结尾有道”呢?首先,我们来看看乔布斯的这篇演讲稿,他的结尾比开篇更加出彩,采用的是“end with a quotation”,达到的效果是特别引人深思。他在结尾说道,“Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: "Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.”他不仅在结尾引用这句“Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish”(求知若渴,虚怀若谷),而且重复三遍,强化听众的印象,这句话也被广泛传播,被誉为该篇演讲的“精髓”。
英语演讲稿写作方法
演讲稿的开篇和结尾往往需要花费大量的功夫去设计,这往往是精彩演讲的亮点所在。因此,在写作时,需要结合受众、场合和演讲内容等,争取一开始就紧紧抓住听众的注意力和兴趣所在,结尾时,尽量做到意味深长、启发思考。下面,我将给大家具体分析基本的开篇和结尾模式,供大家以后写作参考。
开篇的目的是要吸引听众,乔布斯在该篇演讲稿中使用的是“relate the topic to the audience"(关联话题与听众)的方式,这是一种比较有效的方法,人们一般对自己的事情都很关注,和自己相关的事情也会格外留意,乔布斯在开篇说到,“I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college. Truth be told, I never graduated from college. This is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation.”高度赞美斯坦福大学是最好的大学之一,就是在与听众发生关联,让大家产生好感,当然老乔还用了适当的幽默,更好地融洽了与听众的关系,“简洁、有效”本就是乔布斯的演讲风格。除此之外,还有其他的一些开篇方式,我们也需要了解和掌握。 1. State the importance of your topic(指出演讲话题的重要性)。直接告诉听众,你的演讲重要在哪里。比如:今天要做的是一场“英语演讲的艺术”的演讲,那开始就直接指出,该演讲对于大家今后的学习工作将会有重大的帮助,甚至给出一些数据和实例,让听众明白不听这个演讲将会是我的损失。这样,听众就会很乐意投入到该次演讲中去。2. Startle the audience (使听众震惊)。例如:要做一场关于“生活方式与疾病”的演讲,开篇就可以给出一组极具冲击力的数据,让听众看到生活方式的不健康将会是多么可怕的事情,这样的震惊使听众能够快速调整状态,投入到听演讲中去。3. Arouse the curiosity of the audience(引起听众的好奇心)4. Question the audience(向观众提问)。5. Begin with a quotation(以引用开篇)。6. Tell a story (以故事开篇)。这些基本开篇的方式被无数的演讲证明是实用而且有效的。
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