雅思阅读之名词性长句

　　雅思阅读考试主要考查考生们定位所需信息，理解并且掌握的能力。为了能够准确定位，很多考生片面强调了词汇的重要性，在备考雅思阅读考试的过程中仅仅关注了词汇量的提高，而忽略了语法的掌握和提高。下面是小编给大家带来的雅思阅读之名词性长句，希望能帮到大家!

　　雅思阅读之名词性长句

　　这样在雅思阅读考试中，考生们虽然能够准确定位，却由于语法方面的问题，在理解原文对应内容时出现差错，本末倒置，主从句判断错误，最终断章取义，导致题目做错。

　　其实了解雅思的人都知道，雅思阅读考试中有很多长句，而考生如果语法方面有任何一点差错，或者不擅长于长句短读(迅速找出一个长句的主句即主谓宾/主系表)，都会在雅思阅读考试中失利。因此考生们在备考的过程中，对于英语中的从句必须要有很好的掌握，而雅思阅读考试中出现频率的从句之一就是名词性从句。

　　在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (noun clauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词宾语从句等。下面王玉梅专家就给考生们介绍一下这几个名词性从句及其在雅思阅读中的应用。

　　主语从句

　　在复合句中用作主语的从句称为主语从句 (subject clause)。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。如：

　　★ That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.

　　很明显，她们的确是亲姊妹，她们的脸型很相似。(关联词是从属连词that)

　　★ Who should be responsible for the senior citizens has been widely discussed in our community.

　　谁应该对老年人负责这个问题在社区里被广泛讨论。(关联词是疑问代词who)

　　★ Where we can dispose of the increasing rubbish is a great headache to many governments.

　　在哪儿处置日益增多的垃圾对很多政府而言是件头痛的事。(关联词是疑问副词where)

　　★ Whoever pollutes the environment should be punished.

　　不论谁污染环境都应该受到惩罚。(关联词是缩合连接代词whoever)

　　★ Wherever you are is my home—my only home.

　　你所在的任何地方就是我的家——我的家。(关联词是缩合连接副词wherever)

　　有时可以用it作为形式主语，将真实主语从句置于句末。如：

　　1. It is probable that the nocturnal trades go way back in the ancestry of all mammals.

　　很可能这种夜间的谋生可以追溯至所有哺乳动物的祖先。

　　2. It should be no surprise then that among mathematicians and architects, left-handers tend to be more common and there are more left-handed males than females.

　　在数学家和建筑学家中，左撇子更常见并且左撇子的男性比女性要多，这并不惊奇。

　　3. It is reported that millions of people die of water-related disease each year.

　　据报道每年有成千上百万人死于和水有关的疾病。

　　表语从句

　　在复合句中用作表语的从句称为表语从句 (predictive clause)。引导表语从句的关联词有疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、从属连词等。如：

　　★ The problem is who they can rely on.

　　问题是他们能依赖谁呢。(关联词是疑问代词who)

　　★ The question is how they have achieved this.

　　问题是他们是如何完成的。(关联词是疑问副词how)

　　★ He looked just as he had looked ten years before.

　　他看起来还和十年前一样。(关联词是从属连词as)

　　★ Indeed acting as a tourist is one of the defining characteristics of being ‘modern’ and the popular concept of tourism is that it is organized within particular places and occurs for regularized periods of time.

　　确实作为一个游客是“现代”的定义性特点之一，并且旅游的普遍性观念是它在某个特定地点组织并且发生于规律性的时间段。(关联词是从属连词that)

　　宾语从句

　　在复合句中用作宾语的从句称为宾语从句 (object clause)。引导宾语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。如：

　　★ Animal right activists claim that animal tests are cruel, inhumane and unnecessary.

　　动物权益保护声称动物实验很残忍、没人道和不必要。(关联词是从属连词that)

　　★ I know he has succeeded.

　　我知道他已经成功了。(在非正式文体中关联词that被省去)

　　★ It is hard to imagine what effects garbage will exert on our life.

　　很难想象垃圾将对我们的生活造成什么影响。(关联词是疑问代词what)

　　★ I will tell you why I came here.

　　我会告诉你我为什么来这儿。(关联词是疑问副词why)

　　★ I would like to see where you live.

　　我想去看看你住的地方。(关联词是缩合连接副词where)

　　宾语从句也可以用作介词的宾语，如：

　　★ It is the major contributor to why so many young females commit crimes in recent years.

　　这就是为什么近年来许多年轻妇女犯罪的主要原因。

　　★ But the origins of what is now generally known as modern architecture can be traced back to social and technological changes of the 18th and 19th centuries.

　　现代建筑学的起源可以追溯到18世纪和19世纪的社会和技术变化。

　　有时介词可以被省去。如：

　　★ Nobody cares (for) what happened to the wildlife.

　　没有人关心那些野生生物发生了什么。

　　★ Be careful (as to) what he is doing.

　　你要注意他在做什么。

　　有时候全句可以用it作为形式主语，如：

　　★ He made it quite clear that he preferred reading to writing.

　　他很明确地说他更喜欢阅读而不是写作。

　　★ You may rely on it that they will help you.

　　你可以指望他们会帮助你。

　　雅思课外阅读：蚊子为什么咬我不咬他?

　　Research reveals why some people are constantly under attack from the bloodsucking insects, while others walk free.

　　研究揭示了为什么有些人总是会受到吸血虫蚊子的袭击而有些人却可以平安无事。

　　For those unfortunate enough to feature highly on the mosquito hit list, summer nights are synonymous with mosquito bites. Yet others hardly ever get bitten. So how do the bloodthirsty insects select their victims?

　　对那些很不幸被蚊子列为叮咬对象的人们来说，夏夜就是蚊虫叮咬的代名词。而有些人却从没被蚊子叮咬过。那么这些吸血虫是如何选择它们的受害对象的呢?

　　Scientists rubbed petri dishes against their stomachs. The mosquito season gives rise to countless speculations about possible solutions to the age-old mystery of mosquito preferences.

　　科学家们把培养皿自己的腹部进行擦拭。对于关于蚊子喜好的可能性解释，蚊子的繁殖季节提供了无数的猜想。

　　The insects’ tastes may seem arbitrary. However, research reveals that when mosquitoes make their choice between potential victims, it all comes down to scent:

　　昆虫的口味好像很随意。然而研究显示当蚊子要从潜在的受害者中选择对象时，还是气味起了决定作用。

　　Mosquitoes are attracted by carbon dioxide and heat, which everyone gives off. But mosquitoes are also attracted by certain scents.Karl-Martin Vagn Jensen. According to Jensen, it has not yet been established exactly what the scents in question are. But research does indicate that some scents are more attractive to mosquitoes than others.

　　“蚊子会被每个人都会散发出的二氧化碳和热量所吸引，但蚊子也会被某些特定的气味所吸引。” 丹麦阿尔胡斯大学农学部研究的负责人卡尔马丁-威詹森说。根据他的说法，目前仍没确定那些会吸引蚊子的气味到底是哪些。但研究的确指出了有些气味相比较其它气味而言更会吸引蚊子。

　　“All the lab employees rubbed petri dishes against their stomachs. In that way, their scents were deposited on the dishes, which were then put in an enclosure full of mosquitoes,” he says.

　　“所有的实验室人员都把培养皿在他们的腹部轻轻擦了擦。通过这种方式，他们的气味就存储在了培养皿里，然后把培养皿放置在一个蚊子出没的地方。”

　　“The mosquitoes repeatedly landed on some of the petri dishes, but didn’t go anywhere near the others. “

　　“蚊子会反复地停留在某些培养皿上，却不会飞到附近其它的培养皿上。”

　　Vitamin B does not scare off mosquitoes. The experiment is one of several to squash one of the many myths concerning the unfortunate art of mosquito attraction.

　　维他命B并不能吓走蚊子。这个实验也戳穿了诸多关于吸引蚊子的“倒霉学问” 迷信。

　　While some believe that it is in fact sour blood that keeps the insects at bay, or that the mosquitoes can detect blood disease, others are convinced that vitamin B provides protection against mosquitoes.

　　有些研究人员认为血液的酸性环境让蚊虫无法存活，或是蚊子可以检测血液疾病，而另一些人相信维他命B提供了免于蚊虫叮咬的保护。

　　However, there is no indication that any of these theories are correct, says Jensen: “There is no truth to that. The theory about vitamin B has been tested very, very thoroughly, and it doesn’t hold.”

　　然而，没有证据表明这些理论都是正确的。詹森说：“关于这一点还没有任何存在的事实。关于维他命B的理论已经反反复复经过了论证，但这种说法似乎站不住脚。”

　　Perhaps taking inspiration from popular fiction, there are also those who swear by garlic as an excellent repellent against the winged bloodsuckers. According to the researcher, though unsubstantiated, this strategy may not be entirely fruitless:

　　也许可以从流行小说里得到一些启发，也有些人宣称大蒜是一种可以用来对付蚊子很好的防虫剂。据研究人员透露，尽管还未经证实，但这种方法也并非完全无效：

　　“As far as I know, there is no scientific proof that eating garlic works. But there may be something to the theory that it’s possible to mask your scent with garlic,” he says.

　　“就我所知，目前没有科学依据证明吃大蒜会有效预防蚊虫叮咬。但在理论上它也许是行得通的，可以用大蒜来掩盖你的气味。”詹森说。

　　The only reliable method of protection against mosquitoes is to use one of the effective repellents that are sold over the counter. Mosquito repellent contains some smells that confuse the mosquitoes. The first thing a mosquito does when looking for prey is to see if there are any animals or people in the vicinity.

　　唯一有效的免于蚊虫叮咬的方法是使用在柜台处买来的对付蚊虫的强效防蚊剂。防蚊剂包含了一些让蚊子产生混淆的气味。蚊子寻找猎物要做的第一件事是查看附近有没有动物和人。

　　“When the mosquito comes closer, it uses smell, heat and carbon dioxide to decide whether to bite. But if it is confused by a repellent, it will never get that far,” says Jensen. However, even repellents do not provide complete protection against the persistent insects.

　　“当蚊子靠近时，它会根据气味、热量和二氧化碳来决定是不是要叮咬。但如果它被防虫剂弄迷糊了，它不会轻率行动。”詹森说。然而，即使是防虫剂也没有为人们提供保护，让我们完全免于蚊虫频繁袭击。

　　“Repellents reduce the number of bites by as much as 70 percent. That’s all well and good, but you’ll still get bitten once in a while.”

　　“防虫剂可以减少蚊虫的叮咬次数，最多能降低70%。这样的效果也算很不错了，但你仍会时不时地被咬上一口。”