常用英文翻译技巧
英译汉是运用汉语把英语所表达的思想准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动,那么有关常用英文翻译技巧有哪些内容呢?下面小编给大家分享常用英文翻译技巧,希望能够帮助大家!
常用英文翻译技巧(精选篇1)
一、增译法
指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式,在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子,以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多,而英语句子一般都要有主语,所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候,除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外,一般都要根据语境补出主语,使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高,凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时,必须在前面加上物主代词。因此,在汉译英时需要增补物主代词,而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示,而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此,在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外,在汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语,以确保译文意思的完整。总之,通过增译,一是保证译文语法结构的完整,二是保证译文意思的明确。如:
①、What about calling him right away?
马上给他打个电话,你觉得如何? (增译主语和谓语)
②、If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations.
要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊!(增译主句)
③、Indeed, the reverse is true.
实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词)
④、就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。
Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词)
⑤、只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯。
While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light lamps. (增译连词)
⑥、这是我们两国人民的又一个共同点。
This is yet another common point between the people of our two countries.(增译介词)
⑦、在人权领域,中国反对以大欺小、以强凌弱。
In the field of human rights, China opposes the practice of the big oppressing the small and the strong bullying the weak.(增译暗含词语)
⑧、三个臭皮匠,合成一个诸葛亮。
Three cobblers with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.(增译注释性词语)
二、省译法
这是与增译法相对应的一种翻译方法,即删去不符合目标语思维习惯、语言习惯和表达方式的词,以避免译文累赘。增译法的例句反之即可。又如:
①、You will be staying in this hotel during your visit in Beijing.
你在北京访问期间就住在这家饭店里。(省译物主代词)
②、I hope you will enjoy your stay here.
希望您在这儿过得愉快。(省译物主代词)
③、中国政府历来重视环境保护工作。
The Chinese government has always attached great importance to environmental protection. (省译名词)
常用英文翻译技巧(精选篇2)
1、倒装句
英语倒装句,无论是完全倒装,还是部分倒装,都与汉语的语序有差异,翻译时应尊重汉语习惯,将句子理顺。
例:Down came the hammer and out flew the sparks.铁锤一落,火星四溅。(原句为完全倒装。)
2、 强调句
翻译好强调句的关键在于掌握好强调句型(It is…that/who/which/…)。应注意该句型与主语从句意义上的差异。例:
1)It is an unusual person who can live free from financial stress or who can spend money on others as he spends on himself.
只有不同寻常的人才能远离经济重压,才能把钱花在别人身上就像花在自己身上一样。(该句强调an unusual person,在译文中用"只有"两字体现出来。)
试比较主语从句:We had a lot of fun at the beach.It was really a fly in the ointment that George cut his foot on a piece of glass.我们在海滩上玩得很开心,美中不足的是乔治的脚被一块玻璃割破了。(句中的It为形式主语,代替that引导的主语从句。a fly in the ointment油膏里有一只苍蝇,喻美中不足。)
3、被动语态
英语被动语态使用比较多,尤其是科技论文中特别突出,这与汉语形成鲜明的对照。在汉语表达中,主动语态比被运语态用得更普遍些。因此,在进行英译汉时,最好能尊重汉语习惯,将英文被动句转换在汉语主动句。翻译时应注意运用以下技巧:
1)英语的主语转换成汉语的宾语
有些被动语态只能用汉语的主动句来翻译时,可以将英语被动句的主语变为汉语主动句的宾语,以便突出谈论的事物,不需要表明的行为主体可以省略。
例:The present should never be chained to customs which have lost their usefulness.绝不可用那些已经无用的习俗来束缚现在的手脚。
2)用"被"等词提示行为的主体
译文必须表示出被动时,可以用"被"、"为……所"、"受到"、"叫"、"让"、"靠"、"遭到"、"挨"、"将"、"是(由)……的"等词来表示,这样更能引人注目。
例:The earth's surface in the area of Manhattan is composed of solid concrete.曼哈顿地区的地层表面是由坚硬的混凝土构成的。
常用英文翻译技巧(精选篇3)
What impresses me most in Beijing is the Great Wall which is one of the greatest projects in the world. It's not only the cultural heritage, but also a symbol of China. "It's glorious." I think. It looks like a big dragon running across the mountainous area. It starts Shanhaiguan in the east to Jiayuguan in the west. It's so long that nobody can walk from the beginning to the end.
在北京给我印象最深的是长城,是世界上项目之一。它不仅是文化遗产,也是中国的象征。”我觉得“它很辉煌"。它就像一条巨龙穿越山区。从东面的山海关开始一直延伸到西边的嘉峪关。太长了以至于没有人能从走到尾。
It was firstly built in Qin Dynasty and prolonged in Ming and Qing dynasties. It was used to protect the enemies from invading in the past, but now it has become the place of interest which attracts so many tourists both at home and abroad.
它始建于秦朝,一直延期到明清时期。在过去它是用来防止敌人的入侵,但现在它已成为名胜古迹,吸引了很多国内外游客。
When I was standing on the top of the Great Wall, I felt as if I were in ancient days. I could see many laborers working very hard. How could they finish this extremely difficult task by hand?
当我站在长城上时,我感觉我像是在古代一样。我可以看到很多劳动者努力工作。他们怎么能用手工完成这个艰巨的任务?