英语系动词讲解：系动词分类解析
系动词分类解析
根据用法上的差异，系动词可分为两种：纯系动词(状态系动词)和半系动词。
纯系动词只有一个be。
其他系动词都是半系动词，半系动词实际是由实义动词变化而来的。根据表达的意思归类，半系动词主要有以下五种：
1)持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep,rest, remain, stay, lay, stand, 例如：
He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。
2)表像系动词
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear,look, 例如：
He looks tired. 他看起来很累。
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。
3)感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel, smell,sound, taste, 例如：
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
这种布手感很软。
This flower smells very sweet.
这朵花闻起来很香。
4)变化系动词
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become,grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如：
He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。
She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。
5)终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turnout, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意，例如：
The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。
The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。
His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)
纯系动词没什么好说的，关于半系动词和纯系动词的用法差异主要有以下两点：
1、 半系动词在疑问和否定句中享受实义动词的待遇，从这点来看，半系动词更像实义动词。
2、某些半系动词可以接类似于名词的不定式短语，让它看起来也更像实义动词。
那些既可以是半系动词，又可以是实义动词的词如何区分?
主要是看动词后面的单词的词性，如果是形容词，说明前面的动词是半系动词;如果是名词，说明前面的动词大多都是实义动词，也有属于半系动词的情况，比如look或become等。要是还判断不准可以用be替换这个动词，如果句子正确，则说明这个动词是半系动词，反之则说明这个动词是实义动词。
下面有十组句子，我们来判断一下，哪个是半系动词，哪个是实义动词。
(1) A. Please look at the blackboard.请看黑板。
B. He looked a perfect fool.他看上去是个十足的神经病
(2) A.Turn to Page 16.翻到 16页。
B.He turned traitor to his country.他背叛了祖国。
(3)A.He felt it his duty to help others.
他认为帮助别人是自己的责任。
B.I felt very hungry after a long walk.
走了一段长路，我感到很饿。
(4) A. Get me some ink.给我一些墨水。
B.Our motherland is getting stronger and stronger.
我们国家变得越来越强大了。
(5)A.Such words do not become a scholar.
那样的话不像出自学者之口。
B.Some of the fields became covered with water.
一些田地覆盖着水。
(6)A.This black key on the piano won''t sound.
这钢琴上的黑键按下去不响。
B. The story sounds interesting.
这故事听起来很有趣。
(7)A.I am sure I smell gas.我肯定闻到了煤气味。
B.The flowers smell sweet.花朵散发芳香。
(8)A.He was too weak to stand.他太虚弱，不能站立。
B.Holding the note in his hand，he stood there dumbfounded.
他拿着钞票，站在那里，目瞪口呆。
(9)A.He goes to school early every morning.
他每天早上很早上学。
B. They went mad.他们发狂了。
(10)A. I remained 3 weeks in Paris.
我在巴黎逗留了三周。
B.He never remained satisfied with his success.
他从不满足于自己的成绩。
分析以上10组句子我们不难看出B组动词均为连系动词，因为如果我们把动词 be(是)的适当形式替代这些动词，句子能够成立，后面的成分即是表语。
(1)He was a perfect fool.
(2)He was a traitor to his country.
(3)I was very hungry after a long walk.
(4)Our motherland is stronger and stronger.
(5)Some of the land was covered with water.
(6)The story is interesting.
(7)The flowers are sweet.
(8)Holding the note in his hand，he was there dumbfounded.
(9)They were mad.
(10)He was never satisfied with his success.
反之，如果把 be(是)动词的适当形式替代A组动词，句子则不能成立，无法解释，A组动词均不为连系动词：
*(l)Please be at theblackboard.
*(2)Be to Page l6.
*(3)He was if his duty tohelp others.
*(4)Be me some ink.
*(5)Such words are not ascholar.
*(6)The black key on thepiano won''t be.
*(7)I am sure I am gas.
*(8)He was too weak to be.
*(9)He is to school earlyevery morning.
*(10)I was 3 weeks in Paris.
总之一句话，半系动词更像实义动词。这是系动词的总体分类，实际上系动词的使用还有很多特殊情况，但也跑不出以上所叙述的总体区别。先掌握总体，再研究细节，才不会让我们乱了阵脚。
本文作者：苏承宗(公众号：英语语法教程)
本文为原创文章，版权归作者所有，未经授权不得转载!
