必修五英语语法

　　语法是英语考试中的重中之重，所占分值也多。提高英语能力的方法是多读多练多积累。小编在这里整理了必修五英语语法供大家阅读，希望能帮助到您。

　　一、过去分词(用法：表被动，已经完成)

　　1. 作定语(前置定语和后置定语)

　　Don’t swim in the polluted river. (“受/被污染的河流“, polluted 作前置定 语) Theboy punished by the maths teacher isPeter. (“被数学老师处罚的”，过去分词短语作定语时，要放在被修饰的名词后面，所以punished by themaths teacher 作后置定语。)

　　= The boy (who was ) punished by the maths teacher is Peter.经常转为定语从句来理解比较现在分词(用法：表主动，正在进行)：

　　The sleepingboy is ill as he caught a cold. ( “正在睡觉的男孩”，sleeping作前置定语)。

　　The student standing at the door is my friend.(“正站在门口的那个学生”，现在分词短语作定语时，也一样要放在要放在被修饰的名词后面，所以standingat the door 作后置定语。)

　　= The student (who is ) standing at the door ismy friend. 经常转为定语从句来理解比较不定式(用法：表主动，将要发生的动作)：

　　I have a lot of things to do. (“要做”，不定式短语作定语时，要放在被修饰的名词后面，所以to do作后置定语。)

　　I have a meeting to attend. ( “要开“ )

　　2.表语(用法：过去分词放在连系动词后面)

　　I wasastonished to learn that his long lost child had been found. (astonished放在be后面,”吃惊的”)

　　When we heardof this, we were deeply moved. (moved放在be后面,中间可以用副词修饰，”深受感动的”)。

　　He got worried about losing the money.(worried 放在连系动词get 的后面)

　　The people seemed terribly shockedafter the earthquake. ( shocked 放在连系动词seemed 后面)

　　常见的系动词有：be( am, is, are/was, were);“似乎类”：seem, appear, look;“感觉类”：feel,sound, smell, taste;“变成类”：become, go,get, grow, fall, turn;“保持类”：remain, stay,keep。

　　3.宾补(用法：过去分词放在宾语后面，说明或补充宾语的情况，“怎么样”)

　　I have/get/leave/keep my hair cut once a month.

　　(每个月我让我的头发被剪/我让别人剪头发)

　　We should have/get/leave/keep such an important thing finished earlier.

　　(让….被完成 )

　　He spoke aloud so that he could make himself heard.

　　He explained again so that he could make himself understood.

　　I saw/observed/noticed/watchedan old man knocked down by a bike.

　　I heardthe song sung by my sister.

　　He felt himself cheated bythe young man.

　　I found the door locked when I got to the office.

　　Withmy homework finished , I stoppedto have a rest as I was tired.

　　总结：过去分词做宾补经常放在使役动词所带的宾语后面，它们是have/get/

　　leave/keep/make “让、使” ，还有放在感官动词所带的宾语后面，它们是see/observe/notice/watch/feel/find还有放在with的复合结构，即with 所带的宾语后面。(表被动)

　　4.状语(用法：过去分词短语作状语，经常可以转化为一个状语从句来理解

　　(1)(When it is )Seen from the hill Gaozhou city looks very beautiful.(时间状语)

　　(2) ( If we are ) Comparedwith you, we still have a long way to go. (条件状语)

　　(3)(Because he was) Greatly touchedby his teacher’s words, the boy worked harder than before.(原因状语)

　　(4)(Though she was ) Laughed at by the other students, she stilltried to answer the question (让步状语)

　　(5)The teacher entered the classroom, followed by a group of hisstudents. (伴随状语可转化为一个并列句来理解)

　　= The teacher entered the classroom (and he was) followed by a group of his students.

　　二、特殊句型：倒装句

　　1.部分倒装

　　A.否定词位于句首

　　常见的有：never, seldom(极少), little, few， not until(直到…才), hardly(几乎不), scarcely(几乎不), barely(几乎没有), at no time(决不), by nomeans(决不)，no longer, nowhere, not only….( but also),hardly…..when(一…..就), no sooner….than(一…..就)等。

　　①I shall never forgive him.

　　---------Never shall I forgivehim.

　　②She hardly has time to listen to music.

　　--------Hardly does shehave time to listen to music.

　　③We seldom go skating.

　　--------Seldom do we go skating.

　　④ I did not go to bed until my father came back.

　　------No until my father came back did Igo to bed.

　　-------It was not until my father came back thatI went to bed. (强调句，强调时间状语从句)

　　⑤The city wasnot only polluted but also the streets were crowded.

　　Not only was the city polluted but (also) the streets were crowded.

　　⑥I hadhardly/no sooner got home when/than I turned on the Tv at once.

　　Hardly had I got home when I turned on the Tv at once.

　　No sooner had I got home than I turned on the Tv at once.

　　我(当时)一到家，就立即开电视看。(注意时态：过去完成时倒装)

　　B. Only+状语放在句首

　　① He realized he was wrong only then/at that time.

　　------Only then/atthat time did he realize he was wrong. (only +时间状语)

　　②You can learn English well only in this way.

　　------Onlyin this way can you learn English well. (only+方式状语/介词短语)

　　③He knew what had happened only when he returned home.

　　-------Onlywhen he returned home did he know whathad happened. (only+状语从句)

　　C. so/such…that句型，so或such部分位于句首

　　①The exam was so difficult that more than a half of the students failed.

　　----- Sodifficult was the exam thatmore than a half of the students failed.

　　② He was such a heavy person that nobody could lift him.

　　------Such a heavy person was he thatnobody could lift him.

　　D.so, neither/nor +助动词+主语 (表示“也”、“也不”)

　　You are youngand so am I. She likesmusic and so do I.

　　If you go there, so will I.

　　You aren’t young and neither/nor am I.

　　Shehasn’t read it and neither/nor have I.

　　2.完全倒装

　　A.地点副词(here, there)和方位副词(up, down, in, out, away,off, over 等)放在句首 (注意：主语若是代词，则不倒装)

　　There is abook on the desk.

　　Long long ago, there was/lived a king.

　　Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。

　　There goes the last train.最后一班火车开走了。

　　Down jumped the thief from theroof.

　　In camethe teacher.

　　Out herushed , with a stick in his hand. (不倒装)

　　Here I am. 我在这儿。/ 我来了。Here it comes. 它来了。 (不倒装)

　　B.表语位于句首

　　His friend Jim was among the people.

　　--Amongthese people was hisfriend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人中。

　　C.状语位于句首

　　A young manwith a magazine in his hand sat by the window.

　　----Bythe window sat a youngman with a magazine in his hand.窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。

　　说明：省略句不是高考语法重点，故略去，还是多说两句!

　　简单句省略：省主语、谓语(部分)、宾语、不定式to后面的重复部分省略。(to 后be动词和完成时态have往往不省掉);

　　并列句省略：省略and/but/or后面的重复部分;

　　复合句省略：

　　宾语从句(第一句that可省;第二句宾从不省);

　　定语从句(关系代词作宾语可省，但在介词后不省);

　　状语从句 (经常省掉引导词，主语和be动词，使用非谓语动 词做状语的结构表达);

　　本次整理就到这里啦，祝大家在考试中能金榜题名!