高一英语必考知识点(2)
高一英语必考知识点：冠词
冠词分为不定冠词(a, an)，定冠词(the)，和零冠词。
I. 不定冠词的用法
1 | 指一类人或事，相当于a kind of | A plane is a machine that can fly. |
2 | 第一次提及某人某物，非特指 | A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。 |
3 | 表示“每一”相当于every，one | We study eight hours a day. |
4 | 表示“相同”相当于the same | We are nearly of an age. |
5 | 用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事 | — Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? —Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here. A.不填 That boy is rather a Lei Feng.（活雷锋） |
6 | 用于固定词组中 | a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time |
7 | 用于quite, rather, many, half, what, such之后 | This room is rather a big one. |
8 | 用于so(as, too, how)+形容词之后 | She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet. |
9 | 用于抽象名词具体化的名词前 | success(抽象名词)→a success(具体化) 成功的人或事 a failure失败的人或事 a pity a good knowledge of精通掌握某一方面的知识 |
II. 定冠词的用法
1 | 表示某一类人或物 | In many places in China, ___ bicycle is still ___ popular means of transportation. A. a; the |
2 | 用于世上独一无二的事物名词前 | the universe, the moon, the Pacific Ocean |
3 | 表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过的人或事 | Would you mind opening the door? |
4 | 用于演奏乐器 | play the violin, play the guitar |
5 | 用于形容词和分词前表示一类人 | the reach, the living, the wounded |
6 | 表示“一家人”或“夫妇”（对比上文的不定冠词用法5） | —Could you tell me the way to ____ Johnsons, please? |
7 | 用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高级前 | He is the taller of the two children. |
8 | 用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川群岛的名词前 | the United States, the Communist Party of China, the French |
9 | 用于表示发明物的单数名词前 | The compass was invented in China. |
10 | 在逢十的复数数词之前，指世纪的某个年代 | in the 1990’s(二十世纪九十年代) |
11 | 用于表示度量单位的名词前 | I hired the car by the hour. |
12 | 用于方位名词，身体部位名词 | He patted me on the shoulder. |
III. 不用冠词(又名零冠词)的用法
1 | 专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人名地名等名词前 | Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air |
2 | 名词前有this, my, whose, some, no, each, every等限制 | I want this book, not that one. / |
3 | 季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三餐前 | March, Sunday, National Day, spring |
4 | 表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前 | Lincoln was made President of America. |
5 | 表示球类，棋类等运动的名词前 | He likes playing football/chess. |
6 | 与by连用表示交通方式的名词前 | We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______ continent. A. the; the |
7 | 以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时 | husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night |
8 | 表示泛指的复数名词前 | Horses are useful animals. |
高一英语必考知识点：名词的数
规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es(参看有关语法书)。英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，请看下表
规 | 例 | ||
1 | 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 | man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice | |
2 | 单复数相同 | sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species | |
3 | 只有复数形式 | ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents | |
4 | 一些集体名词总是用作复数 | people, police, cattle, staff | |
5 | 部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员） | audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party | |
6 | 复数形式表示特别含义 | customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟) | |
7 | 表示“某国人” | 加-s | Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans |
单复数同形 | Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese | ||
以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women | Englishmen, Frenchwomen | ||
8 | 合成名词 | 将主体名词变为复数 | sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends |
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 | grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches | ||
将两部分变为复数 | women singers, men servants | ||
猜你感兴趣的：
5.新高一英语知识点
