小升初英语巧学习，口诀汇总及虚拟语气

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　　小升初英语英语学习：虚拟语气

　　如果你看到下列的句子，你会认为它们是正确的还是错的呢?

　　1.I wish I were a bird.

　　2.We request that you be here tomorrow.

　　也许你会说:"哈哈，第一句的 I were 错了，应该是 I was;而第二句中的 you be是什么东东呀?不是 you are, 也不是 you will be, 什么 you be?!"其实上面的句子都是一种称为 Subjunctive 类型的句子。Subjunctive Mood 有的书译为"假设语气"，虽不很贴切;但在相当大的程度上，告诉我们这种句子的特点。Subjunctive Mood中文译作"虚拟语气"，似乎不及"假设语气"那么容易明白。它是一种动词形式，表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义。基本上，虚拟语气可分为虚拟现在(Subjunctive Present)和虚拟过去(Subjunctive Past)两种;但它们和时态(Tenses)上所指的现在时态(Present Tense)和过去时态(Past Tense)是有所不同的。

　　一、虚拟现在(Subjunctive Present):

　　虚拟现在的句子，在任何时候都要用动词的原形(root form)，就算是第三人称(he,she, it)也是如此。如：

　　1.1 现在时态(Simple Present): (右边为虚拟语气)

　　I work ---- I work

　　you work ---- you work

　　he works ---- he work (注意到了吗，是 work，不是 works)

　　she works ---- she work (不是 she works 喔)

　　it works ---- it work (同样不是 it works 喔)

　　we work ---- we work

　　they work ---- they work

　　1.2 现在进行时态(Present Continuous):(右边为虚拟语气)

　　I am working ---- I be working (注意用的是 be，怪怪的!)

　　you are working ---- you be working

　　he is working ---- he be working

　　she is working ---- she be working

　　it is working ---- it be working

　　we are working ---- we be working

　　they are woring ---- they be working

　　1.3 现在完成时态(Present Perfect):(右边为虚拟语气)

　　I have worked ---- I have worked

　　you have worked ---- you have worked

　　he has worked ----- he have worked (用的还是have喔)

　　she has worked ---- she have worked

　　it has worked ---- it have worked

　　we have worked ---- we have worked

　　they have worked ---- they have worked

　　1.4 现在完成进行时态(Present Perfect Continuous):(右边为虚拟语气)

　　I have been working ---- I have been working

　　you have been working ---- you have been working

　　he has been working ---- he have been working (是 he have, 不是 he has )

　　she has been working ---- she have been working

　　it has been working --- it have been working

　　we have been working ---- we have been working

　　they have been working ---- they have been working

　　谈谈虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)(二)

　　二、虚拟过去(Subjunctive Past)

　　虚拟过去的动词无论在什么情况之下都要用过去复数形式。如：动词 be，在虚拟过去中要用 were。

　　2.1 过去时态(Simple Past):(右边为虚拟语气)

　　I worked ---- I worked

　　you worked ---- you worked

　　he worked ---- he worked

　　she worked ---- she worked

　　it worked ---- it worked

　　we worked ---- we worked

　　they worked ---- they worked

　　2.2 过去进行时态(Past Continuous):(右边为虚拟语气)

　　I was working ---- I were working (注意是 I were)

　　you were working ---- you were working

　　he was working ---- he were working (是 he were 喔)

　　she was working ---- she were working

　　it was working ---- it were working

　　we were working ---- we were working

　　they were working ---- they were working

　　2.3 过去完成时态(Past Perfect):(右边为虚拟语气)

　　I had worked ---- I had worked

　　you had worked ---- you had worked

　　he had worked ---- he had worked

　　she had worked ---- she had worked

　　it had worked ---- it had worked

　　we had worked ---- we had worked

　　they had worked ---- they had worked

　　(耶，全部都用 had ! )

　　2.4 过去完成进行时态(Past Perfect Continuous):(右边为虚拟语气)

　　I had been working ---- I had been working

　　you had been working ---- you had been working

　　he had been working ---- he had been working

　　she had been working ---- she had been working

　　it had been working ---- it had been working

　　we had been working ---- we had been working

　　they had been working ---- they had been working

　　小升初英语巧学习，口诀汇总

　　be 的用法口诀

　　我用am，你用are，is连着他，她，它;

　　单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。

　　变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。

　　变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记。

　　疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。

　　时间名词前所用介词的速记歌

　　年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。

　　遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。

　　要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。

　　午夜黄昏须用at，黎明用它也不错。

　　at也用在明分前，说“差”可要用上to，

　　说“过”只可使用past，多说多练牢牢记，

　　莫让岁月空蹉跎。

　　记住f(e)结尾的名词复数

　　妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌;

　　躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。

　　巧记48个国际音标

　　单元音共十二，四二六前中后。

　　双元音也好背，合口集中八个整。

　　辅音共计二十八，八对一清又七浊，

　　四个连对也包括。有气无声清辅音，

　　有声无气浊辅音，发音特点应掌握。

　　非谓语动词的一些特殊用法后只接不定式作宾语的一些常用特殊谓语动词

　　动词后，不定式，want, hope和wish，

　　agree, decide, mean, manage, promise,

　　expect, pretend,且说两位算在此，

　　要记牢，要记住，掌握它们靠自己。

　　后接动词不定式做宾语补足语省略不定式符号“to”的一些常用特殊动词

　　一些动词要掌握，have, let和make,

　　此三动词是使役，“注意”“观察”“听到”see，

　　还有feel和watch，使用它们要仔细，

　　后接“宾补”略去“to”，此点千万要牢记

　　除此之外，还可以掌握“八字言”，

　　一感feel,二听hear, listen to, 三让have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch

　　后只接动名词做宾语的一些常用特殊动词

　　特殊动词接“动名”，使用它们要记清，

　　“放弃”“享受”可“后悔”，

　　“坚持”“练习”必“完成”，

　　“延期”“避免”非“介意”

　　掌握它们今必行。

　　动名词在句中的功能及其它

　　“动名”语法其功能，名词特征有动、形，主宾表定都可作，“动名”、“现分”要认清，“现分”不作“宾”和“主”，

　　动名作“状”可不行。二词皆可作定语，混为一谈不允许，主谓关系视分词，“动名”一词无此义。

　　现在分词形式及在句子中的作用(包括过去分词的作用)：

　　现在分词真好记，动词后面ING。它的作用真不小，可以充当定状表。

　　还有宾语补足语，忘记此项不可以。

　　分词做定语的位置及其它

　　“定分”位置有二条，词前词后定分晓。

　　单个分词在词前，有时此规有颠倒。

　　分词短语在词后，“定从”和它互对照。

　　“现分”动作进行时，“过分”动作完成了。

　　(注：“定分”：做定语的分词;“定从”：定语从句;“现分”：现在分词;“过分”：过去分词。)

　　分词做状语在句子中所表示的意义

　　分词做状语，概有七意义。“

　　时间”和“原因”，“结果”与“目的”。

　　“方式”加“伴随”，“条件”常出席。

　　且谈其主语，谓语头前的*。

　　欲要记住它，必须常练习。(*指句子的主语)