北师大版英语必修四的单元练习一和答案
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北师大版英语必修四的单元练习一
Ⅰ.阅读理解(建议用时15′)
A
[2016·育才中学联考二]I went to the Tsavo National Park in northern Kenya for a film. We set off early for a distant water hole. A huge elephant covered with dry mud, drank calmly and deeply. He might have traveled 50 km to reach the water. He wasn't going to hurry now. He'd drink a while and rest in the shade, and then drink again or so we thought. What actually happened was that he drank deeply and stepped away. Then he suddenly fell down. Within minutes he was dead.
We called animal doctor Jeremiah Poghon immediately. He removed the head of a poisoned arrow from the elephant's body, and let out over 100 liters of pus (胺)-the result of the elephant's meeting with a poacher (偷猎者) months before.
Today's poacher shoots from a blind. He fires an arrow, covered with poison, into the body of an elephant. If the poacher is lucky, the elephant might die in an hour or two; if not, he might have to follow the elephant for days before it dies. Often the arrow head fails to kill the elephant at once-it doesn't mean the poison won't finally kill the elephant, but it will be a slow death.
Living in Tsavo through these times, I could see the results of poaching from time to time. When I think about the death of that elephant, what stays with me is the extraordinary silence after the shocking sound of his body hitting the ground. I took some comfort from the knowledge that as the dead body returned to the soil, some animals would benefit-but I couldn't escape the feeling that with the death of such a large animal, the world seemed to be a poorer and emptier place.
文章记叙了作者去拍电影的途中遇到了中毒而死的大象。
1.While filming near the water hole, the author and his team________.
A.knew the elephant was injured
B.found the elephant acted violently
C.tried their best to save the elephant
D.thought the elephant was in good condition
答案：D 事实细节题。从文中第一段“A huge elephant covered with dry mud, drank calmly and deeply. He might have...and then drink again or so we thought.”可知。
2.Further examination showed that the dead elephant________.
A.had suffered an hour or two
B. was killed by a poisonous needle
C.had suffered a lot
D.had had a good fight with a poacher
答案：C 事实细节题。根据文中第二段“the result of the elephant's meeting with a poacher months before.”
3.How does the author feel when thinking about the elephant's death?
A.Empty. B.Comfortable.
C.Upset. D.Relieved.
答案：C 事实细节题。根据文中最后一段“When I think about the death of that elephant, what stays with me is the extraordinary silence after...ground.”可知选C。
4.Why did the author write the text?
A.To introduce African elephant.
B.To show the cruelty of poaching.
C.To describe his filming experience.
D.To ask readers to protect wild animals.
答案：D 事实细节题。考查作者的写作目的，结合全文内容可知D项正确。
1.suddenly adv. 突然 2.poison n./vt. 毒药;使中毒
3.extraordinary adj. 非凡的;非常的
4.shocking adj. 令人震惊的 5.escape vi./vt. 逃跑，逃脱
1.let out 放出;泄露
2.in an hour or two 在一两个小时内
原文：What actually happened was that he drank deeply and stepped away.(主语从句)
译文：实际上发生的事是他深深地饮过水后便走开了。
仿写：What_impressed_me_most was that he had never lost heart.
令我印象最深的是他从没丧失信心。
B
[2016·昆明市摸底调研]The expression“a thirst for knowledge” may soon have a new meaning for millions of people who have no way to get clean water. Researchers have developed a book with specially treated pages that can turn dirty water into clean and drinkable water. They say their invention could improve the lives of many in the developing world.
About 700 million people around the world are at risk of disease or even death because their drinking water is not clean. The water is polluted by harmful bacteria.
The book contains 25 pages. Each page is about one millimeter thick. The pages contain very small particles (微粒) of silver. The pages can be used as filters (过滤器) to remove harmful microorganisms (微生物) that can pollute drinking water. The filter kills the organisms that pass through it.
Pictures on the pages show the dangers of dirty water and how to use the book for those unable to read. The pages are made of filter paper. They are designed to be torn from the book. Water can be poured through the paper to be cleaned.
Ms Dankovich, the inventor, says each page can treat up to 100 liters of water. She recently presented her invention at the meeting of the American Chemical Society in Boston, Massachusetts. She was asked whether she had considered adding classic literature on the book's pages.
“The idea of classic texts—that's of interest maybe later. We have discussed a little bit more exciting text. But we really haven't had the time to go through that_part，” she says.
Teri Dankovich and another researcher tested the drinkable book in Bangladesh, Ghana and South Africa. The tests proved to be successful.
Water for Life, a non-governmental organization, has provided financial support for the project.
面临着饮用水被污染的现象，科学家发明了一种特殊的纸张，可把脏水过滤成能饮用的水来提高人民的生活质量。
5.What do we learn about the book from the text?
A.It sells well around the world.
B.It has pages with several functions.
C.It is about environment protection.
D.It can treat about 100 liters of water.
答案：B 事实细节题。从文中第三段可知答案。
6.What does the underlined phrase “that part” in Paragraph 6 refer to?
A.Classic texts. B.Invention presentation.
C.Exciting discussion. D.Financial support.
答案：A 词意猜测题。放到第6段中“that part”应指上文中提到的内容，即“the idea of classic texts”。
7.In which country did not the researchers test the drinkable book?
A.Bangladesh. B.Ghana.
C.South Africa. D.America.
答案：D 事实细节题。从文中倒数第二段可看出未提到America。
8.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.Researchers have found a way to save those being ill.
B.Millions of people are in great need of drinkable water.
C.Book pages could provide safe drinking water.
D.Knowledge is as important as drinkable water.
答案：C 主旨大意题。从文中第一段可知选C。
1.thirst n./vi. 渴望;口渴 2.harmful adj. 有害的
3.present vt. 提出;呈现 4.successful adj. 成功的
5.financial adj. 经济上的;财政的;金融的
1.be made of 由……材料(看得出来)制成
2.of interest 有趣的
原文：She was asked whether she had considered adding classic literature on the book's pages.(宾语从句)
译文：她被问到是否考虑过在她的书页中加入一些经典文学。
仿写：Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and whether_it_is_rough_or_smooth.
大象有自己的方法来辨别物体的形状，它还可以辨别物体是粗糙的还是光滑的。
Ⅱ.七选五(建议用时8′)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
[2016·安徽示范高中联考]Many people write to newspapers and magazines to express their opinions. Letters to the editor must carry the writer's full name，address and telephone number, although the information is not necessary for publication. This requirement to provide personal particulars is a clear indication that the writers are held responsible for what they say. When a writer wants his voice heard, he needs to claim ownership of his voice. __1__
“People today prefer living together to putting their signatures on a marriage certificate because they refuse to accept responsibility for the relationship，”said social worker Ken Yip，“and this is what is causing a lot of family problems.”When we sign a paper, for example, a business contract or a bank document, the signature is a seal of consent, an agreement to take the matter seriously. __2__ The absence of a signature, they explain, tells us that the writer cannot be too serious and therefore does not deserve a reply.
__3__Multi-billionaire Mr King donates generously to charity several times a year. He gives simply because he wants to help but not for the publicity his donations may bring, and he does not want his good deeds to make news. In other cases, people insist on anonymity because they are afraid of the consequences of revealing their identity. __4__
__5__ The answer is very personal and lies in how much we want to get involved. We all have a name. It is a matter of responsibility to use it when we make a statement，a claim or an accusation. We all want to honor our own names, and it is only by stamping our expression of an opinion with our own name that we honor what we say.
A.Crime witnesses may be willing to assist the police, but most are unwilling to give their names when reporting a crime.
B.Sometimes we have no idea when to sign our names.
C.What's the meaning of your name?
D.Responsibility is the name of the game.
E.Name or no name?
F.Most governments and many organizations will not process written complains if they do not bear the writer's signature.
G.There are people who wish to remain anonymous (匿名的) for various reasons.
本文阐述的是在当今社会签署姓名的重要意义。
1.D 根据空格所处的位置可知，该题应选择概括第一段内容的主题句，结合上文的内容可以判断D项正确。
2.F 根据上文讲述的商业合同以及银行文件需要签署姓名，可以得知答案为F项，内容相似。
3.G 下文的内容表明，此段讲述的是匿名的几种情况，故选G项。
4.A 结合3空的主题内容以及空前讲述的几种匿名的情况，可知答案是A。
5.E 根据下文“The answer is...”可知该空是一个问题，结合上下文可知这里是议论是否该留下姓名，故选E项。
Ⅲ.语法填空(建议用时8′)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
[2016·唐山摸底考试]Why send a greeting card when you can send a potato? That's the reason behind one ecommerce site, which mails actual __1__ (potato) with personalized messages from their customers for to . PotatoParcel.com offers customers the chance __2__ (make) a friend laugh or lighten the mood. The company __3__ (usual) offers their product in two sizes. For example, a “medium” potato, __4__ can fit 100 characters, is first picked by the senders. And then the company writes their note directly on the potato skin __5__ a special pen. After that the potato __6__ (mail) to the receiver in a “tiny envelope” from the company in Texas. There's no cash __7__ (include) inside—it is just __8__ actual potato with black writing. Past potato receivers have shared pictures of __9__ own experiences with others on social media. “The __10__ (good) thing I've received in the mail!” wrote one young woman, who got a potato from her boyfriend.
1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5.________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9.________ 10.________
本文讲述的是一种新型的问候方式，在土豆上留言，并通过电子途径发给收件人。
1.potatoes 考查名词。根据空格前为形容词，后为介词，可知此处填名词复数(注意变化规则)。
2.to make 考查非谓语动词。the chance to do sth.“不定式作定语”。
3.usually 考查词性转换。修饰动词应用副词。
4.which 考查非限制性定语从句。从句中缺少主语且指物，故用关系代词which。
5.with 考查介词。此处后面为名词，且无提示词，通常为介词，结合语义可知填with，“使用……”。
6.is mailed 考查动词时态和语态。mail与potato之间为被动关系，且全文用一般现在时态，故填is mailed。
7.included 考查非谓语动词。include与cash之间为被动关系，且位于名词之后，故填included。
8.an 考查冠词。空前为系动词，空后为“形容词+名词”，故此处为冠词，表示泛指(a/an区别)。
9.their 考查代词。of one's own意为“某人自己的”，结合句子主语，可知填their。
10.best 考查形容词等级。空前为the，结合词意可知，此处表示收到的最好的东西。
Ⅳ.书面表达(建议用时20′)
[2016·皖南八校联考一]假设你是Abby，是学校英文报社“知心学长”栏目主编。一位叫Sophia的学妹来信反映自己有“拖延”的坏习惯。即使她有很多如做作业、弹琴等重要的事要做，也总是不由自主地把时间花在看电视、玩手机等琐事上，为此她非常苦恼。请用英文给她回信，提一些建议。
内容包括：1.拖延的本质;
2.改正的建议。
注意：1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;
3.文章的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：procrastination n.拖延，耽搁
Dear Sophia，
I am glad to hear from you. _________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
In a word, don't spoil yourself. Although you have a long way to go, the first step is very essential. Good luck!
Yours，
Abby
One possible version：
Dear_Sophia，
I_am_glad_to_hear_from_you. To be honest, I sometimes have the same experience as you. But you have to know that procrastination is the thief of time. The following advice may help you overcome it soon.
The most effective means to solve the problem is that you can make a “to do” list. For example, you can write “Finish homework before Saturday night” on your plan. If you manage to finish it, you can reward yourself. Otherwise, punish yourself. What's more, you can find a person to remind you to finish work at any time. Then you can arrange your most important work at efficient times, like 8-10 o'clock. Different people base different efficient times. But it doesn't matter what time it is. Just don't waste time, following the schedule strictly. Last but not the least, do it now, just from now.
In_a_word,_don't_spoil_yourself._Although_you_have_a_long_way_to_go,_the_first_step_is_very_essential._Good_luck!
Yours，
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