高中英语竞赛试题(3)
Geologists(地质学家)have been studying volcanoes for a long time. Though they have learned a great deal, they still have not discovered the causes of volcanic action. They know that the inside of the earth is very hot, but they are not sure exactly what causes the great heat. Some geologists have thought that the heat is caused by the great pressure of the earth’s outer layers. Or the heat may be left from the time when the earth was formed. During the last sixty years scientists have learned about radium, uranium, thorium, and other radioactive elements. These give out heat all the time as they change into other elements. Many scientists now believe that much of the heat inside the earth is produced by radioactive elements.
Whatever the cause of the heat may be, we do know that the earth gets hotter the farther down we dig. In deep mines and oil wells the temperature rises about 1℉ for each 50 feet. At this rate the temperature 40 miles below the earth’s surface would be over 4000℉ . this is much hotter than necessary to melt rook. However, the pressure of the rock above keeps most materials from melting at their usual melting points. Geologists believe that the rock deep in the earth may be plastic, or puttylike(似粘性材料). In other words, the rock yields slowly to pressure nut is not liquid. But if some change in the earth’s crust releases the pressure, the rock melts. Then the hot, liquid rock can move up toward the surface.
Where the melted rock works its way closed to the earth’s crust, a volcano may be formed. The melted rock often contains steam and other gases under great pressure. If the rock above gives way, the pressure is released. Then the sudden expansion of the gases causes explosions. These blow the melted rock into pieces of different sizes and shoot them high in the air. Here they cool and harden into volcanic ash and cinders(灰烬). Some of this material falls around the hole made in the earth’s surface. The melted rock may keep on rising and pour out as lava(岩浆). In this way, volcanic ash, cinders, and lava build up the cone-shaped(锥形的)mountains that we call volcanoes.
64. The subject of this passage is the ____.
A. formation of volcanoes B. results of volcanic action
C. interior of the earth D. causes of the earth’s internal heat
65. The cause for the heat in the interior of the earth is probably ____.
A. radioactive elements B. the great pressure of the earth
C. not determined D. the heat remaining from the formation of the earth
66. From the information given in the passage, most minerals would melt fastest ____.
A. at 4000 ℉ at sea level B. at 4000 ℉, 5000 feet below sea level
C. in the absence of oxygen D. at the exact center of the earth at 4000℉
67. If the temperature at the earth’s surface is 20℉ the temperature in a coal mine 500 feet below the surface would, in degrees, be ____.
A. 40 B. 30 C. 50 D. 120
D
Thirty-two people watched Kitty Genovese being killed right beneath their windows. She was their neighbor. Yet none of the 32 helped her. No one even called the police. Was this in gunman cruelty? Was it lack of feeling about one’s fellow man?
“Not so,” say scientists John Barley and Bib Fatane. These men went beyond the headlines to probe the reasons why people didn’t act. They found that a person has to go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice that is an emergency.
Suppose you see a middle-aged man fall to the sidewalk. Is he having a heart attack? Is he in a coma(昏迷)from diabetes(糖尿病)? Or is he about to sleep off a drunk?
Is the smoking coming into the room from a leak in the air conditioning? Is it “steam pipes”? or is it really smoke from a fire? It’s not always easy to tell if you are facing a real emergency.
Second, and more important, the person faced with an emergency must feel personally responsible. He must feel that he must help, or the person won’t get the help he needs.
The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are around. They had college students in to be “tested”. Some came alone. Some came with one or two others. And some came in large groups. The receptionist started them off on the “test”. Then she went into the next room. A curtain divided the “testing room” and the room into which she went. Soon the student heard a scream, the noise of file cabinets falling and a cry for help. All of this had been pre-recorded on a tape recorder.
Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help. Of the students in pairs, only two out of ten helped. Of the students in groups, none helped.
In other words, in a group, Americans often fail to act. They feel that others will act. They, themselves, needn’t. They do not feel any direct responsibility.
Are people bothered by situations where people are in trouble? Yes. Scientists found that they people were emotional, they sweated, they had trembling hands. They felt the other person’s trouble. But they didn’t act. They were in a group. Their actions were shaped by the actions of those they were with.
68. The purpose of this passage is ____.
A. to explain why people fail to act in emergencies
B. to explain when people will act in emergencies
C. to explain what people will do in emergencies
D. to explain how people feel in emergencies
69. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. When a person tries to help others, he must be clear that there is a real emergency.
B. When a person tries to help others, he should know whether they are worth his help.
C. A person must take full responsibility for the safety of those in emergencies if he wants to help.
D. A person with a heart attack needs help the most.
70. The main reason why people fail to act when they stay together is that ____.
A. they are afraid of emergencies
B. they are reluctant to get themselves involved
C. others will act if they themselves hesitate
D. they do not have any direct responsibility for those who need help
71. The author suggests that _____.
A. we shouldn’t blame a person if he fails to help
B. a person must feel guilty if he fails to help
C. people should be responsible for themselves in emergencies
D. when you are in trouble, people will help you anyway
E
The man traveling in the back of the ambulance which thrust its way through the streets of Baltimore that morning in 1967 had no business to be alive. By everything that was reasonable, and there were plenty of precedents, he should have been very dead indeed. But he wasn’t. As the people in the hospital pointed out after they had examined him, he was only slightly bruised. Yet he has just fallen 150 feet down a hotel lift shaft!
Unknown to the man, two things had occurred which were to affect his life that day. On the thirteenth floor of the hotel, somebody had carelessly left the lift gate open. Down in the basement, a pipe had burst and, before anyone could check the rush of water, it had flooded the bottom of the lift shaft to a depth of two feet.
Modern lifts have all sorts of fail-safe mechanisms to prevent accidents, but this was an ancient contraption(奇妙的装置)— unreliable, creaking, slow, hazardous(dangerous), and suitable material for any scrap dealer who cared to take it away.
The man had plenty of things to occupy his mind that morning. He had overslept. The hotel had forgotten to call him and now he was late for an important business appointment. He dressed quickly, shaved hurriedly, grabbed his briefcase and hurried off down the hotel corridor.
Good! The lift gate was open. The lift must be there. He need not press the button and wait while the large, clumsy(badly-made)lift hauled its way upwards. Without looking or thinking he stepped out into space The lift cage was, in fact, one floor above him on the fourteenth. The world into which he had walked was a narrow space of not very fresh air, ending 150 feet below in two feet of dirty water.
The man descended(dropped), making his journey to the ground at a speed he had never dreamed of. Confused patterns, whirling shapes, a rush of air, time enough to be afraid, split-second thoughts of death, then — crash.
Perhaps this gave him the record for some sort of high-diving act. No doubt in future he always looked before he leap. Certainly he learnt that this was no way to save time. The experts said that those two feet of water had saved his life.
72. How do we know that the story is true?
A. We are told the place and time. B. We are given plenty of details.
C. Lifts often go wrong. D. The man won a high-diving record.
73. By ‘had no business to be alive’ the writer means that the man ____.
A. had missed his business appointment. B. was only just alive.
C. had done very little business. D. was alive and this was very surprising.
74. The word “precedents” in paragraph 1 refers to ____.
A. other people who had had similar accidents. B. rulers of countries.
C. the height which the man fell. D. the man’s injuries.
75. Which of the following did NOT help to cause the accident?
A. Someone left the lift door open. B. A pipe burst.
C. The man overslept. D. He was late for an appointment.
第二卷(共35分)
第四部分：智力检测与写作(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 智力题 请把答案填入题后的括号内，或写在题后的Answer后。(10分)
1. Which of the four is least like the other three?
A. brain B. light C. philosophy D. metal ( )
2. What a scientific worker needs is the down-to-earth attitude instead of talking. The underlined word means ____.
A. honest B. practical C. hard-working D. thoughtful ( )
3. I don’t believe such a minor matter will make you down. Pull up your socks! What does the underlined phrase mean? A ( )
A. Keep up your spirit. B. Stand up. C. Your socks are a bit lower. D. Straighten up.
4. Which word does not go with the others?
A. yellow B. dark C. red D. blue ( )
5. Maria’s gift in literature soon found favour in her teacher’s eyes. What does the underlined phrase mean?
A. was discovered by her teacher B. came from her teacher’s help
C. was good at describing her teacher’s eyes D. much attracted her teacher ( )
6. It goes without saying that a person must behave himself. What does the underlined phrase mean?
A. 直言不讳 B. 不言而喻 C. 不值一提 D. 不辞而别 ( )
7. The following picture is made with matches. How to turn it into one with only three squares by taking away two matches from it?
Answer:
8. What number should replace the question number?
Answer:
9. Suppose it rains at midnight, can it be expected to clear up after 72 hours?
Answer:
10. Divide 45 into 4 parts this way: after you add 2 to the first part, take 2 away from the second part, multiply(乘)the third part by 2 and make the fourth part divided by 2, all the results are the same. Can you divide it?
第二节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一题作出判断：若无错误，在改行右边横线上画一个勾(∨);若有错误(每行只有一个错误)，请按下列情况改正：
该行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉，在改行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。
该行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。
该行错一个词：在错的词下面划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
注意：原行没有错的不要改。
The local newspaper reported that a man found that his mobile phone 76. ______
had been stolen right before getting on a bus. He asked for help from 77. ______
the passenger but got no response. At that moment, a little boy stood up 78. ______
pointing at a man and shouted “He is the thief.” The thief was finally 79. ______
taken to the police station. But nobody knew about who the brave boy 80. ______
was. His parents took him off the bus immediately after the accident. 81. ______
Maybe they were afraid of the thief’s friends would look for revenge. 82. ______
In fact, many adults’ blindness in the face of evil deeds come exactly 83. ______
from this fear. So the boy acted a symbol of justice in the bus. 84. ______
Adults are physical stronger than the boy. Why do we not stand up to 85. ______
keep our society safer?
第三节 书面表达(满分25分)
一个加拿大贸易投资团来你的家乡滨海市(Binhai City)参观考察。假如你是他们的导
游，请口头向客人介绍你的家乡。
总体 美丽而自然资源丰富
人口 300多万，其中35%是工人、教师、机关工作人员等，其余的从事农业、渔业等生产;这里盛产优质苹果
教育 中学32所，小学586所，约有20%的人受过高等教育
经济 改革开放以来发展迅速，工业发展最快，已建好一个拥有近十万人口的开发区。人民的生活大大改善
交通 一个火车站、一个港口和一个国际机场，连接国内外主要大城市
注意：1、要求语言流畅，内容连贯;
2、字数100—120 ;
3、开头以为你写好。
