法国留学读研究生申请书2022(2)
In China these days, university graduates who have not been lucky enough to settle into their dream jobs often look to graduated studies as a way to kill the time that they cannot otherwise spend meaningfully. I am prepared to go against the social conventions by putting on hold a successful research career that promised to be even more successful. With eight years of productive and highly valued practical research behind me, I now would like to revert to a more intellectual life so that I can conduct more theoretical discourses.
Quite some of my friends have trouble understanding my decision."Why did you not take the opportunity eight years ago," they would ask, " when your alma mater offered to admit you as a graduate student without any hassle?" Indeed, I declined to become a graduate student in 1991, when Q university arguably China's best higher-learning institution, made it clear to me that I would be exempted from the normally mandatory qualifying examinations in case I wanted to do graduate studies there. To many of my friends, I should have taken advantage of that opportunity if I had really wanted to become an intellectual.
Well, I have always wanted to be an intellectual. But I thought that a good intellectual has to ground his or her theoretical discourses n comprehensive knowledge of the social reality. And that is what I have been trying to do since high school.
In 1985, I took part in the National University Entrance Examination, which are held once a year nationwide to screen the country's high school graduates for post-secondary education, and scored a total of grades that was the second best in Henan Province (with a population close to 100 million). With such an academic record, I could have chosen a more fashionable or potentially profitable major such as law or business administration. Instead I opted for biological engineering and entered into the Qinghua's Department of Biological Engineering with a total of grades in the National University Entrance Examinations better than that of any of my fellow students. In 1989, I graduated with an academic record that was, in overall terms, the second best in the crop of graduates of that year.
Upon graduation, I secured a job with the Shenzhen Social Science Academy, which serves, as the municipal government's most resourceful and most important think-tank. As you may very well know, Shenzhen borders Hong Kong, the "Pearl of the Orient." As China's first and most successful"special economic zone," it has pioneered many, if not most, of China's far-reaching economic reforms, and in the process it has grown from a village of several thousand to an ultra-modern city of several million people, all in 16 years. The Academy is charged with coming up with new policy proposals or conducting feasibility studies on various policy proposals. In either case, the Academy must analyze and predict the effect or consequences of the policy implementation, and the city's politicians would make their decisions in reference to or even reliance on the Office's research reports.
Since I was trained in Biology, I was at first assigned to do data recording and other statistical work on medical care related topics. But, within two years, I began to do research independently. Starting from the third year, I have been in charge of a group of 12 in various research projects. In 1994, I directed a major study on the municipal government's proposed reform of the city's medical care system, and, on the basis of the research results, came up with some specific suggestions in terms of what reforms should be undertaken and how they should be carried out. The study was a resounding success.
At the time, many of my colleagues, my supervisor included thought that the study was related to the reform of the medical care system in Shenzhen only. I respectfully disagreed. Shenzhen, I argued, would probably serve as an example in the medical care reform area, as it often does in many other areas. In fact, the country's top leadership opened the city up as their first"special economic zone" with the specific purpose of making it a trail-blazer in the country's reform process. I f Shenzhen was to fulfill its mission, it had to come up with policies that would be applicable to other parts of the country as well.
Having convinced my supervisor of the merits of my thinking, I designed a research plan that involved the combined use of three research methods: sample survey, case study and participatory research. The country was divided into several major parts, and for each part, a given number of representative cities were chosen, to which my investigators were sent. The subjects of the investigation included ordinary city residents, government officials, medical providers and insurance companies, who were all asked about their feelings and expectations about the medical care reform. We also took Hong Kong's medical care system into consideration, as Hong Kong, with its striking resemblance to Shenzhen in terms of its culture and values provides an obvious reference point for Shenzhen's policy deliberations.
On the basis of all the data gathered, I made the following proposals to address the problems that beset the city's medical system at the time:
Revoke the traditional system that mandated the employer's full reimbursement of all of any employee's total medical cost, replacing it with a new system in which the employer is required to pay 90 per cent and the employee 10 per cent of the cost of any ordinary medical care. In this system, the employees would be issued special magnetic medicare card that could only be used in designated hospitals.
The insurance companies would simultaneously be required to offer new types of insurance policies to cover extraordinary cost associated with grave illnesses, and it would be up to the reidents to pay the insurance premiums themselves.
The scheme, meant to rein in the excessive medical cost for employers without putting too much of a burden on employees, was first put into trial of ten of Shenzhen's large stateowned enterprises. Half a year later, it was enforced throughout the city. Soon, positive assessments of the scheme flowed in from private corporations and public institutions alike. It significantly reduced the excessive medical cost, and most of the money saved was spent on fitness and recreation programs that employees generally enjoyed. Both employers and employees thus benefited from the scheme. The scheme also had the added advantage of stabilizing the prices of medication at a reasonable level.
From 1995 on, most of the large and medium cities begun to imitate Shenzhen's medicare reforms with positive results. The scheme has thus had nationwide impact.
Public policy as a social science is a comparatively new discipline in China, and it is still weak in both theoretical frameworks and practical research methodologies. The use of sophisticated research as a basis for policy decisions is still a new phenomenon. There are not many students and scholars in this area, and even fewer can claim genuine expertise. In fact, most people tend to ignore public policy research, thinking that it does not have the kind of utility as computer science nor the kind of sophistication as philosophy. It is a state of affairs to lament about, and I consider it my mission to change it.
My work experience has taught me on where I am still inadequately prepared for the mission that I have taken on, in terms of both conceptual and practical training. I have come to a point where I feel a pressing need for more advanced education in public administration and policy research. Yet, very few of China's universities boast of public policy research programs. I am hoping that, one day in this country, policy research and implementation knowledge would no longer be confined to the trained few, and policy decisions will normally be based on rigorous research . I am quite aware that it may take the efforts of several generations for such a new discipline to take roots in a country as old and as fast-changing as China, and I would like to devote my life to helping this new discipline grow in this country.
I do not really have a whole lot of hobbies. Apart from reading books and listening to my friends relate their experiences, I enjoy traveling on my own. While I always emphasize the importance of teamwork in the office, I like traveling on my own so that it is easier for me to seek a personal connection with nature. As I savor nature's grandeur and my own seclusion in it, the natural world often endows me with new vision and fresh insights.
I have also experienced quite some failures and setbacks in my life, but I have never given up my goal before I reached it. Whenever bogged down in quagmires, I would push myself by saying, "just toughen it out, and you will be there. Tomorrow will be better if only you try a little harder."
I would really appreciated your serous deliberation over my application, as I have pondered very seriously before I made up my mind to send in this application. I am sure that, if I can be lucky enough to study under your seasoned guidance and with the necessary financial assistance, you will be training one of the best Chinese policy researchers in China of the 21st century.
For the successes I have achieved so far, I have enjoyed the kind help and support from many people. My further successes are now dependent on your support and appreciation, and I hope you will be generous in offering both after you have reviewed my application. I shall be looking forward to your early reply. Thank you.
Yours sincerely,
xuexila
法国留学读研究生申请条件有哪些
【解答】1、法国读研基本的申报条件
主要是两大类的条件，一类是内部的(自身所具备的)条件，另一类就是外部的(如经济、家庭状况等这方面的)条件。以下是详细情况：
1)内部条件：自身所具备的条件就是学历以及工作经历。一般来说，要申报去法国读研的话，学历至少是本科以上或者是国内认可的正规的至少3年学制的专科毕业生。本科以上的文凭是不用提交工作经历的，而3年制大专毕业的学生就要求要有工作经历，所以专科生也是可以申报去法国读研的，但必须先工作一段时间满足了学校要的工作经历时间才可以申报。
2)外部条件：主要是经济方面的条件，不管是学习也好还是做其他的事情，第一个要考虑的便是自身有没有这个经济条件去做这件事请，去法国读研，公立的学校虽不需交学费，但是一年的生活也至少是要人民币4-5万元/年的，私立的或者是其他类型的收学费的学校基本上是人民币15-25万元/年的。再一个就是家庭这方面的，家里人是不是支持以及自己的身体条件是不是合格。
2、法国读研依据具体专业的具体申报条件
1)全法语授课专业：获得法语证书或者是在国内至少有着500小时以上的法语课时经历。
2)全英语授课专业：要么有IELTS成绩要么有TOEFL成绩，一般来说，最基本的要求就是TOEFL在550分以上，IELTS在6.0分以上才可以申报。
3、申报要注意的事情
1)提前申报：与其他国家不同，要去法国读研是提前一年就开始申报(注意是申报而不是做准备)，因为法国院校对于审核这方面是非常重视的，还有可能会提出面试的请求，所以提前一年申报的话就有充裕的时间去准备和应对各方面的状况。
2)挑选符合自己的院校和专业：法国的院校和专业种类还是非常多的，要尽量依据自己的而经济状况去挑选学校不要随大众挑选，若是经济一般就应该挑选公立的院校;再一个就是热门的专业不一定是适合自己的专业，一个行业不管是好就业还是不好就业，都要学精才有机会去做好，不要随波逐流只挑选热门的。
法国留学费用预算
1、学杂费
目前法国的高等教育，也基本上实行的是免费福利政策，大家入读公立院校，只需要在每学年入学的时候，缴纳300欧左右的注册费就足够了，还有100欧左右的杂费开销。
私立院校的正式学习，学费会有比较大的差异，便宜的社科专业一学年需要4000欧左右，昂贵的医科和商科专业一学年需要15000欧左右，杂费的开销需要200欧左右。
2、保险费
在学生办理入学的时候，还需要直接确认下自己需要购买的保险，基础的项目是医疗保险，这是学校会强制要求学生购买的项目，大家在购买之后可以享受法国的福利报销政策。
基础的医保一学年需要100欧左右，大家还可以根据自己的需求购买额外的项目，如果需要意外的保险和商业类保险的话，需要自己提出申请，缴费是可以一起进行的，一学年800欧。
3、住宿费
学校会为外国学生提供足够的宿舍，大家可以在确认录取后在线上申请，也可以在办理入学后向学校负责部门申请，都是很简单的，大家只需要出示自己的学生资格证明即可。
在这里建议大家新生还是先去宿舍适应，这样过度也可以更好的了解学校的情况，最主要的是便宜而且安全，一个月只需要110-150欧之间，而租房的话，需要200-350欧/月。
4、生活费
其他的日常开销中，还会有吃饭、出行、购物、社交等项目，这些会有个人的差异，而且大家学习所在的城市不同，还会受到物价的影响，大家需要提前了解其他人的经验，作出相应的应对。
其中每个月的伙食费会需要150-200欧;每个月初新开销大概50欧左右;再加上手机话费10-20欧;以及购物预算100-200欧;以及社交的支出50-150欧，加起来来也是不少的。
