托福阅读理解推断题怎么做
托福阅读考试中，有很多的题型，推断题是其中一种。托福阅读推断题要怎么解题?下面就是学习啦小编给大家整理的托福阅读理解推断题解题方法，希望对你有用!
托福阅读理解推断题解题方法
问题形式
这类问题主要考察考生对文章中一个观点或立场的理解程度，而这种观点或立场是作者在文章中强烈暗示但并没有明确阐明的。比如说，如果文章陈述了一个事件的结果，那么推论类问题就很可能问考生其原因是什么;如果文章出现对比，那么此类问题就可能问考生其对比的基础是什么。
注意：解答此类问题时，考生不仅需要理解作者所写出句子的字面意思，还必须搞清楚这些句子之间的逻辑性暗示。正确答案一定是从文章已给出的内容中推论出来的。
这种题目的提问方式通常为：
推论类问题的题干中通常会出现infer、suggest或者imply这类词汇。
★ Which of the following can be inferred about X?
★ The author of the passage implies that X…
★ Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 1 about X?
解题步骤
1. 读题干，确定问题类型
2. 选择问题中的关键词或关键短语作为定位信息
3. 浏览指定段落，利用定位信息确定原文中的对应内容
4. 仔细阅读并且理解原文中的对应内容，直接确定答案或者利用排除法确定答案。
注意：错误选项通常为
★ 不被文中所给出或暗示的信息所支持
★ 重复文章中信息但没有回答问题
★ 过于笼统或模糊
★ 不真实、不准确
★ 与文章不相关或者没有被提及
解题范例
The extreme seriousness of desertification results from the vast areas of land and the tremendous numbers of people affected, as well as from the great difficulty of reversing or even slowing the process. Once the soil has been removed by erosion, only the passage of centuries or millennia will enable new soil to form. In areas where considerable soil still remains, through, a rigorously enforced program of land protection and cover-crop planting may make it possible to reverse the present deterioration of the surface.
It can be inferred from the passage that the author most likely believes which of the following about the future of desertification?
○ Governments will act quickly to control further desertification.
○ The factors influencing desertification occur in cycles and will change in the future.
● Desertification will continue to increase.
○ Desertification will soon occur in all areas of the world.
托福阅读推理题找到推理依据的方法
一、 推理的奥秘
我们都知道，推理判断题的题目特征就是infer, imply, indicate, suggest等有“暗含”“隐喻”的词，那么针对于推理判断题，我们是不是一定要进行复杂而缜密的卷福式的“推理”呢?当然不会啦，请同学们记住，ETS是一个常年累月都在绞尽脑汁的维持自己题目难度保持一致的机构。这也是为什么不论我们参加当年哪一场的托福考试，学校对于分数的要求都没有任何波动的原因。所以针对托福当中的任何题型难度也是惊人的万年不变。所以，推理题的答案要以和原文一致为标准，并且考试中经常出现“推理而不推”的情况， 来说就是原文直接对应选项，没有什么改变的“不推的推理题”的情况。
比如例题：(TPO34-P2-Q1)
What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about Britain’s short supply of wood in the eighteenth century?
A Wood from Britain’s great forests was being exported to other countries for profit.
B A growing population had required cutting down forests to increase available land for farming.
C Larger families required the construction of larger homes made from wood.
D What was left of the great forests after the medieval period was being strictly protected.
根据题目对应到第一句(切记当题目中有about就拿about后面内容回原文定位)，但信息过少于是看下一句Because of the growth of population, most of the great forests of medieval Britain had long ago been replaced by fields of grain and hay. 文中说因为人口增长，英国在中世纪时大部分森林已经被农田和牧草代替，因此木材更加缺乏，但是它却一直都很重要。直接对应选项B。由此可见这并没有什么推理过程。
二、 固定路径的推理
固定路径的推理是我们考察内容中非常重要的一点，要从题目和原文共同着手。而固定路径推理又分为两个部分：1.整体与部分，2.取反推理。
下面我们就分别来介绍
1. 整体与部分推理指的就是抽象和实际概念上的范围推理。大范围可以推导出对应小范围的内容。比如“中国的陶瓷制品质量非常好”可以推导出“江西瓷器质量不错”因为中国是大范围，江西是其中的小范围，所以这是可以推导出来的。
比如例题：(OG-THE ORIGINS OF CETACEANS)
8. It can be inferred that Basilosaurus breed and gave birth in which of the following locations
A. On land
B. Both on land and at sea
C. In shallow water
D. In a marine environment
对应原文B这种动物的定位得知： Basilosaurus was undoubtedly a fully marine whale with possibly nonfunctional, or vestigial, hind legs.说明这是一种完全海洋生物，所以在这种大环境下，题目的“breed and give birth ”都是在海洋中。选择D
2. 取反推理指的就是我们所说的相反关系的标志，比如“在她来到我们班之前，我是最美的女生”这句话告诉我们一个什么信息呢?“她来了之后我就不是我们班最美的了”同理，如果推理判断题中有标志性的时间或是事件点，他们前后的相反关系是至关重要的。
比如例题：(TPO6-P2-Q3)
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about canal building?
A. Canals were built primarily in the south of England rather than in other regions.
B. Canal building decreased after the steam locomotive was invented.
C. Canal building made it difficult to study rock strata which often became damaged in the process.
D. Canal builders hired surveyors like Smith to examine exposed rock strata.
根据题目对应原文第一句：This was before the steam locomotive, and canal building was at its height.这句话告诉我们，在蒸汽机车出现之前，运河建筑处于顶峰，最高点的状态。所以说明，在那之后，就不再最高。所以选择B。同理还有TPO33-P3-Q12.TPO19-P3-Q5.TPO4—P3-Q6等
三、 不走寻常路的推理
不走寻常路就是说推理的范围比较大，要自己选择哪些内容比较重要。例如近期考试中经常出现给两段范围的推理题型。切记，既然题目给你两段的范围，那么一定不会只用到一段的信息。所以要找好切入点至关重要。定位到其中一段的位置之后，另一段中一定有些可以联系起来的信息。
比如例题：(TPO7-P1-Q12)
Which of the following statements about leading Roman soldiers and statesmen is supported by paragraphs 5 and 6?
A. They could read and write the Greek language.
B. They frequently wrote poetry and plays.
C. They focused their writing on military matters.
D. They wrote according to their lives.
根据题目对应到原文: .It was no accident that many leading Roman soldiers and statesmen were writers of high caliber.，可是句子中没有任何可以用来选择的内容，这时一定注意题目给了两段的范围，所以我们根据这句话的信息“高素质的作家”回第五段定位，这时发现，It was absolutely accepted that an educated Roman should be fluent in Greek.高素质证明一定受过教育呀，所以对应到这句之后选择A。
同理还有例题TPO27-P3-Q4 TPO14-P3-Q1+Q10 TPO11-P3-Q10
总而言之，针对于推理判断题，我们要充分调动原文当中的信息。获取关键信息之后，对应推理类型。同时也要注意，推理可能范围广。可能是某种标志性的时间或者是事件。其次范围也是一种很大的帮助。针对两段对应的内容要对应两段当中可以联系一起的信息，得出答案。
正逆向思维解决托福阅读推断题
OG上将推断题定义为检查考生对文章中强烈建议但绝不明说观点(strongly implied but not explicitly stated in the text)的理解程度，属于理解性题目，题目要求如下：
Paragraph 2 suggests which of the following about X?
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about X?
According to paragraph 3, what do Y indicate about X?
According to paragraph 4, what does the author imply about X?
题干中有出现infer, imply, indicate或suggest这四个单词，我们就判定这个题目为推断题，那么推断题应该如何解答呢?
第一步，判断题型。我们拿到题目，看到上面四个单词中的任何一个，心中就想着这是推断题，推断题的做题宗旨是文章强烈暗示，要通过文章内容进行合理推断。
第二步，审清题干，原文定位。仔细阅读题干，弄清题干内容，推断方向，带着题干核心信息到文章中准确定位。
第三步，推测+判断。根据相关句进行正向或逆向的推理，最后择优而选，确定答案。
正向推断：和事实信息题做题方法一样，答案就是定位的句子的同义改写。
逆向推断：大致分为两种，一种是时间，第二种是两类事物的对比。
第一种，题干中往往会出现表示时间的信息，比如：after 1932, since early years of the 19th century. 例如TPO 20 Passage 1 Western Migration Q1:
Paragraph 1: The story of the westward movement of population in the US is, in the main, the story of the expansion of American agriculture of the development of new areas for the raising of livestock and the cultivation of wheat, corn, tobacco, and cotton. After 1815, improved transportation enabled more and more western farmers to escape a self-sufficient way of life and enter a national market economy during periods when commodity prices were high, the rate of westward migration increased spectacularly.
What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about western farmers prior to 1815?
m They had limited their crop production to wheat, corn, tobacco and cotton.
m They were able to sell their produce at high prices
m They had not been successful in raising cattle.
m They did not operate in a national market economy.
题干中出现了两个信息，一个是western farmers, 一个是prior to 1815, 带着两条信息去文中定位，定位在第一段第四行，但是文章中没有提到1815年之前，只有1815年之后，答案其实很简单，只要把1815年之后的内容看懂了，并且在这个内容前面加not即可。举个简单的例子，“从现在起Jessica是个姑娘”，“请问你能推断出昨天Jessica怎么了么?”可能很多人想到“是不是Jessica做了变性手术?”，其实这就算过分推断了，答案就是Jessica昨天不是个姑娘。言归正题，文中说到，改善的交通使得越来越多的西部农民摆脱了自给自足的生活，并且进入了国家性的市场经济，那个时候货物的价格很多，所以向西迁移的速率也大幅增长。
第二种：两类事物的对比，往往文中会出现表示对比的关系词：by contrast, unlike, while, whereas, on the contrary, in comparison to, distinct from, different from等词。例如TPO 2中的The Origins of Cetaceans的第2题，让考生推测关于early sea otters的，回到原文中定位，会发现关键句中存在着一个unlike, 说不像sea otters, 想象一下早期鲸类比较困难(not easy=difficult)，那我们逆推一下，不就是说想象早期sea otters长什么样比较容易，正确答案中出现了not difficult, 所以这道题很简单。当然ETS不会一直都出这么简单的推断题，这里只是给大家一个答题的方向。
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