英语高考试卷及答案2017全国卷1及英语质量检测试题(2)

　　Section B

　　Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

　　(A)

　　Rosalind Franklin always liked facts. She was logical and precise, and impatient with things that were otherwise. She decided to become a scientist when she was 15. She passed the examination for admission to Cambridge University in 1938, and it sparked a family crisis. Although her family was well-to-do and had a tradition of public service and charity, her father disapproved of university education for women. He refused to pay. An aunt stepped in and said Franklin should go to school, and she would pay for it. Franklin’s mother also took her side until her father finally gave in.

　　She was invited to King’s College in London to join a team of scientists. The leader of the team assigned her to work on DNA with a graduate student. Franklin’s assumption was that it was her own project. The laboratory’s second-in-command, Maurice Wilkins, was on vacation at the time, and when he returned, their relationship was puzzling. He assumed she was to assist his work; she assumed she’d be the only one working on DNA. They had powerful personality differences as well: Franklin direct, quick, decisive, and Wilkins shy, hesitant, and passive.

　　In 1953, Wilkins changed the course of DNA history by disclosing, without Franklin’s permission, her Photo 51 to competing scientist James Watson, who was working on his own DNA model with Francis Crick at Cambridge. Upon seeing the photograph, Watson said, “My jaw fell open and my pulse began to race,” according to author Brenda Maddox who wrote the book Rosalind Franklin: The Dark Lady of DNA.

　　The two scientists did in fact use what they saw in Photo 51 as the basis for their famous model of DNA, which they published on March 7, 1953, and for which they received a Nobel Prize in 1962. Crick and Watson were also able to take most of the credit for the finding: they included a footnote acknowledging that they were “stimulated by a general knowledge” of Franklin’s and Wilkin’s unpublished contribution, when much of their work was rooted in Franklin’s photo and findings. Franklin didn’t know that these men based their article on her research, and she didn’t complain either, likely as a result of her upbringing. Franklin “didn’t do anything that would invite criticism… (that was) bred into her,” Maddox said.

　　66. Wilkins’ relationship with Franklin was characterized by __________.

　　A. unity and harmony B. confusion and competition

　　C. cooperation and miscommunication D. misunderstanding and conflict

　　67. What does Watson mean by saying “My jaw fell open and my pulse began to race”?

　　A. He was confused that Crick had not made this discovery.

　　B. He was surprised that Wilkins had discovered this information.

　　C. He was satisfied with the importance of Photo 51.

　　D. He was anxious about the progress Wilkins and Franklin had made.

　　68. What is Brenda Maddox’s main intention according to the quote in the last paragraph?

　　A. To re-evaluate the importance of the DNA model.

　　B. To criticize King’s College and Cambridge.

　　C. To emphasize Franklin’s importance in science.

　　D. To deny Watson’s and Crick’s contribution to science.

　　69. Franklin’s career as a scientist demonstrates _________.

　　A. that her work was pointing at the most difficult problem

　　B. that she was the only female scientist during the period

　　C. the importance of DNA in modern science

　　D. that perseverance leads to success and recognition of field scientists

　　(B)

　　Reviews

　　Cultual Breaks by Brian Aldiss

　　Reviewed by Paul Kincaid

　　Brian Aldiss is an amazing and frustrating writer. When he is on song, his style is forceful, disturbing and delectable. But he is a restless writer. He came into his own in the enthusiastic and experimental atmosphere of the New Wave, and he has been driven to try the new and the different ever since. That he is still experimenting now, 50 years after his first appearance, is a measure of a man who has never been prepared to settle back on his laurels.

　　The Secrets of Jin-Shei by Alma Alexander

　　Reviewed by Donna McMahon

　　With so many fantasy novels using European-derived settings and mythology, ancient China makes a refreshing change. The landscape is tempting and yet familiar enough to feel very real, and the author uses magic sparingly, in ways appropriate to her society. This and the complex detail put into the backdrop makes the novel feel very much like historical fiction.

　　Straken by Terry Brooks

　　Reviews by Nathan Brazil

　　The third novel in the High Druid of Shannara series jumps straight back into the story where it left off. It continues the quest of unlikely hero Penderrin Ohmsford. Now equipped with the means to break in – and back out- of the Forbidding, where his aunt, the overthrown Ard Phys of Druids, is stranded, Pen must first get back to Paranor. His rescue attempt can only begin from within the chamber where Grianne Ohmsford disappeared. Unfortunately, this will deliver him straight into the hands of those responsible for his aunt’s disappearance.

　　70. The reviewer admires Brian Aldiss’ ability to ___________.

　　A. write so many novels

　　B. continue to be inventive in his writing

　　C. write disturbing plots

　　D. have a writing career spanning over four decades

　　71. Why does the setting of Jin-Shei appeal to the reviewer?

　　A. It is a good science of fiction setting. B. It is mysterious.

　　C. It is a less common choice of setting. D. It is very magical.

　　72. Terry Brook’s novel continues a series on ___________.

　　A. the adventures of an unsuspecting hero and his attempts to rescue his aunt

　　B. a quest about the High Druid of Shannara in a secret chamber in Paranor

　　C. the disappearance of a druid which foils the plans of the enemies

　　D. liberating a stranded aunt who is key to the knowledge of the Forbidding

　　(C)

Aisling’s mother died at midsummer. She had fallen sick so suddenly that some of the villagers wondered if the fairies had come and taken her, for she was still young and beautiful. She was buried three days later beneath the hawthorn tree(山楂树) behind the house, just as twilight was darkening the sky.

　　Maire Solanya, the village greenwitch, came that evening to perform the old rituals over the grave. She stood at the foot of the mound of black soil. Aisling and her father stood at the head of it, resting on the simple headstone, was the burning candle. Aisling’s father had lit it shortly after Elinor died, and it would burn all night. The gravestone was a plain piece of slate carved with her name: Elinor. Grass and tree roots would grow up around it as the years passed, until it would seem as if it had always been there.

　　Maire Solanya said in her low, clear voice, “Life to life, from breath to breath, we remember Elinor.” She held a round loaf of bread in her hands. She tore off a small piece and ate it, chewing deliberately, before handing the loaf to Aisling’s father. He pulled off his own piece, then passed it to his daughter. It was still warm, and it smelled like her mother’s kitchen after baking. But it hadn’t come from her mother’s hands, and that realization made a lump rise in her throat. The bread was tasteless.

　　Maire Solanya took the loaf from her, its crust(面包皮) gaping open, and placed it on the gravestone next to the candle. Aisling couldn’t shake the feeling that her mother had merely gone out on an errand and would come home at any moment and wonder what the three of them were doing. It didn’t seem possible that she was buried there, at the foot of the hawthorn tree, in the ground. It was easier to believe the village rumors than to sit with the ache inside herself.

　　She remembered those rumors now, while she stood with her father and Maire Solanya in a tense silence. Everyone had always said that Elinor had some magic in her, and everyone knew that fairies – if they existed – were drawn to that. So Aisling’s father had ordered all the old rituals, even though he did not believe in them, just in case. She was not entirely sure what she herself believed, but she knew that her mother would want them to do these rituals for her, and that was enough.

　　When the sun slipped below the horizon, the greenwitch said, “Sleep in peace, Elinor,”and scattered a gold powder over the grave to bind Elinor to the earth. On the freshly turned soil, the gold glittered like fairly dust.

　　73. Aisling and her family are most likely __________.

　　A. fairlies in disquise B. simple village folk

　　C. wealthy farmers D. experienced bakers

　　74. Maire Solanya performed the rituals in order to __________.

　　A. express thanks to the fairies B. protect the hawthorn tree

　　C. respect Elinor’s wishes D. capture Elinor’s spirit

　　75. Which of the following does not describe Elinor?

　　A. A believer in magic. B. Practical.

　　C. Skilled at baking. D. Youthful.

　　76. Which statement best describes Aisling’s belief in fairies?

　　A. She is uncertain and finds the idea unsettling.

　　B. She finds the idea comforting but is unsure.

　　C. She is certain they exist and wishes they would bring back her mother.

　　D. She believes strongly in the power of their rituals but not in their existence.

　　77. Why did Aisling find the bread “tasteless”?

　　A. It reminded her of her mother’s absence.

　　B. It was a terribly rude thing to eat at her mother’s funeral.

　　C. Solanya was really a poor baker in the village.

　　D. There had not been sufficient ingredients to make the bread.

　　Section C

　　Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.

　　How was it that an American ship came to be sunk by American mines in a port held by American forces?

　　Built in1931, the luxury liner SS President Coolidge was a 10-year veteran(退伍军人) of the Pacific before she was pressed into service by the military and converted to carry troops.

　　On October 26, 1942, towards the end of her first year of World War II service, the Coolidge hit an American mine in the east entrance of the Segond Channel on Espiritu Santo, one of the islands of the New Herbrides(now Vanuatu), and sank in 36 meters of water.

　　Though all but two of the 5000 officers and men aboard were saved, the loss of the ship was a military scandal. She had escaped the Japanese during the worst part of the war in the Pacific, only to be lost because of a series of disastrous American mistakes.

The master of the Coolidge, Henry Nelson, claimed he hadn’t been warned that the harbor was mined. Worse, in terms of wartime security, neither of the two US destroyers the Coolidge had encountered had challenged her. Nor had they relayed the vital information about the mines. “The first warning was from a signal station further in the harbor telling me to stop, that we were approaching danger,” he wrote.

　　‘I, in turn, stopped the engines and backed the engines, but with the speed we were moving, we still went too far and we struck two mines. I immediately, with the speed we had left, headed the ship to the beach, and ordered “abandon ship ”, which was done and completed in 45 minutes.’ ‘No one mentioned to me, no one informed me, that there was a mine field in Espiritu Santo. Had there been some knowledge of mines, I never would have approached anywhere visible.’

　　Captain Nelson was exonerated(免罪) by a court of inquiry but those responsible did not escape blame. The port director’s office at Noumea and the inefficiency of an experienced commanding officer of a navy patrol(巡逻队) and pilot boat were blamed.

　　Today, the Coolidge is one of the world’s best wreck dives. Much of her original luxury decoration remains, including The Lady, perhaps the most photographed underwater icon in the world. Military equipment she was transporting can also still be seen.

　　(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)

　　78. The ship was “pressed into service by the military” suggests that it was ______________.

　　79. What caused the sinking of the ship?

　　80. Why did the ship still hit the mines after the captain stopped the engines?

　　81. Why was the sinking of this ship a “scandal”?

　　第II卷 (共47分)

　　I. Translation

　　Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

　　1.成本问题在我们的决定中起着很大的作用。(play)

　　2.他的所做和他的所说大相径庭。 (There)

　　3.毫无疑问，选择学校常常能反映出父母对子女的希望。 (reflect)

　　4.经常换工作和住所的人常常没有安全感并且缺乏责任心。(who)

　　5.尽管他明知暴饮暴食有害健康，但他对我们要他节食的忠告却一直置若罔闻。 (Although)

　　II. Guided Writing

　　Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

　　假设你校英语报就“我心中的偶像(Idol in my heart)”展开征文活动，你对该话题很感兴趣，拟投稿。你的短文必须包含以下内容：

　　1. 谁是你心中的偶像?

　　2. 你为什么会崇拜他(她)?

　　3. 结合一个具体事例说明偶像在你成长过程中对你的影响。

　　参考答案

　　I. Listening:

　　1-10 ABCDC ABDCB 11-13 CDA 14-16 ACB

　　17. Avenue 18. Wednesday 19. neighbor 20. backing 21. stomachache 22. unwell/ unhealthy/ ill/ sick 23. woke up 24. measuring /taking her temperature

　　II. Grammar and vocabulary:

　　25. will find 26. to plan 27. yourself/yourselves 28. that 29. In order to 30. may 31. nicer 32. where 33. has been revealed/ is revealed 34. removing 35. If 36. including/like 37. which 38. followed 39. an 40. but

　　41-45 KGEBH 46-50 ACJIF

　　III. Reading:

　　51-65 ADCCB DDBBA DABCB

　　66-69 CBCD 70-72 BCA 73-77 BCBBA

　　78. forced into becoming a military ship/ pressed into service by the military.

　　79. American mines that navy patrol failed to inform the captain about

　　80. Because the speed of the ship made it impossible

　　81. Because she sank for hitting her own navy’s mines/ Because she sank for a series of disastrous American mistakes./ Because she sank for American mistakes not for the war.

　　IV. Translation:

1. The question of cost plays an important part/role in our decision.

　　2. There is a striking contrast between what he does and what he says.

　　3. There is no doubt that the choice of school reflects the parents’ hopes for their children.

　　4. People who often change jobs and living places often lack a sense of security and a sense of responsibility.

　　5. Although he is quite clear of the fact that eating and drinking too much is harmful to health, he turns a deaf ear to our advice that he should have a diet.

　　V. Writing:

　　Omitted.